1、,第3讲 平面向量,板块三 基础考点练透提速不失分,1.(2019佛山模拟)已知向量a(2,1),b(1,k),a(2ab),则k等于 A.8 B.6 C.6 D.8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,解析 a(2,1),b(1,k),2ab(3,2k), a(2ab),则a(2a+b)62k0, 解得k8.,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,又0a,b
2、,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,5.(2019株洲模拟)在RtABC中,点D为斜边BC的中点,|AB|8,|AC|6,则 等于 A.48 B.40 C.32 D.16,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,又RtABC中,ACAB,,6.若向量a(1,2),b(1,m),且ab与b的夹角为钝角,则实数m的取值范围是 A.(0,2) B.( ,2) C.(2,2) D.(,0)(2,),解析 ab(0,2m),由于ab与b的夹角为钝角,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15
3、,16,当向量ab,b共线时,0m(2m)10,m2, 此时ab(0,0),与b的夹角不是钝角,不合题意. 故m的取值范围是m2.,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,所以O为ABC的重心,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,解析 如图所示,以B为坐标原点,BC所在直线为x轴,建立平面直角坐标系. AB1,ABC60,,O是ABC的重心,延长BO交AC于点D,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,
4、16,9.(2019长沙长郡中学模拟)已知P是边长为3的等边三角形ABC外接圆上的动点,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,解析 设ABC的外接圆的圆心为O,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,以点C为坐标原点,AC,BC所在直线分别为x轴,y轴, 建立平面直角坐标系(图略), 设ACBC1,则C(0,0),A(1,0),B(0,1),,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,1,2,3,4,
5、5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,以AB所在直线为x轴,以A为坐标原点,过A作AB的垂线为y轴,建立如图所示的平面直角坐标系,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,12.(2019天津六校联考)已知点O是锐角ABC的外心,a,b,c分别为内角A,B,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,解析 如图所示,O是锐角ABC的外心,D,E分别是AB,AC的中点,且ODAB,OEAC, 设ABC外接圆半径为R,,1,
6、2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,代入得,2Rsin Ccos B2Rcos Csin BR,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,13.(2019洛阳模拟)已知向量a(1,1),b(t,2),若(ab)(ab),则实数t_.,2,解析 向量a(1,1),b(t,2),ab(1t,1), ab(1t,3),根据(ab)(ab)得, 3(1t)1t,解得t2.,解析 |a|5,|ab|6,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,
7、12,13,14,15,16,向量a上的投影为_.,1,所以ab5,,15.(2019大庆模拟)已知W为ABC的外心,AB4,AC2,BAC120,设,3,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,解析 以A为坐标原点,AB所在直线为x轴,建立平面直角坐标系如图所示,,根据外心的几何性质可知W在直线x2上.,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,解析 以A为坐标原点,AB,AD所在直线分别为x轴,y轴, 建立如图所示的平面直角坐标系, 则A(0,0),B(2,0),C(1,2),D(0,2),,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,本课结束,