1、Section 3 Words and expressions from Unit 4 Earthquakeright away 立刻,马上 1. Did you get dressed right away? 你马上就穿衣服了吗？2. I will set off right away. 我将立刻出发。3. Ill have it sent right away. 我会立刻把它（拍送）出去。4. She wanted to know why I didnt tell her right away that she had the wrong number. Before I could an
2、swer her, she hung up. 她想知道为什么我不马上告诉她她的电话号码错了。我还没来得及回答，她就挂上了电 话。5. I want it typed right away, please. 请立刻把它打印出来。6. If war breaks out, we shall be called up right away. 如果战争爆发, 我们将立即被征召服役。7. The storm will blow over right away. 暴风雨很快就会平息。8. He is ill; you should call in the doctor right away. 他病了, 你
3、应该立即请大夫来。rise n. 上升,增加,小山v. 升起,起身,上升,(日、月、星 )升起1. I am reading a book about the rise and fall of the Roman Empire. 我正在看一本关于罗马帝国兴衰的书。2. The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。3. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起，在西方落下。4. Christians believe that Jesus rose from the dead on Easter Sun
4、day. 基督徒相信耶稣在那个星期日（后定为复活节）里复活了。5. She rose above her difficulties and became a tremendous success. 她战胜了重重困难，取得了巨大的成功。6. At the top of the rise they paused for a rest. 他们在小山的顶部停下来休息。7. The wind is rising I think theres a storm coming. 风越刮越猛大概要来暴风雨了。8. The river has risen (by) several metres. 河水上涨了好几米
5、。词义辨析 arise, rise, raise, arousearise 产生，出现。如：Before they went out, a mist arose. rise 上升。如：The sun rises in the east. raise 举起，升起，提出。如：A sunken ship was raised to the surface of the sea. arouse 唤醒，引起，激起。如： His behavior aroused suspicion. (注：四个词中，arise 与 rise 为不及物动词) A completely new situation will
6、when the examination system comes into existence. (95.6) A) arise B) rise C) raise D) arouse 译文：这种考试制度一旦出现，将会出现一个崭新的局面。答案是 A。 Our hopes and fell in the same instant. (01.6) A) arose B) raised C) rose D) aroused 译文：一瞬间我们的希望升起又落下了。答案是 C。 burst n. 破裂,阵,爆发v. 爆裂,突发1. The square is bursting with tourists.
7、 广场上到处都是游客。2. I felt as if my heart would burst with joy. 我觉得自己高兴得心花怒放。3. There was a burst of laughter in the next room. 隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。4. The police burst through the door. 警察破门而入。5. Ive eaten so much Im bursting at the seams. 我吃得太多了，肚子都要撑破了。6. May I use your lavatory Im bursting! ie I need to uri
8、nate urgently. 我可以用用你们的厕所吗-我实在憋不住了。7. The police burst in (through the door) and arrested the gang. 警察突然闯进（房门）逮捕了那帮人。8. Water-pipes often burst in cold weather. 水管在寒冷的天气里经常冻裂。at an end 结束1. The war was at an end. 战争结束了.2. I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end. 我必须警告你，我已忍无可忍了。3. Our hu
9、nt for a cheaper but larger house is at last at an end. 我们想寻找一幢便宜些但要大些的房子的事终于有了结果。ruin n. (pl.)废墟,毁灭v. 毁坏,破坏vi. (使)破产,毁灭vt. 毁坏,毁灭1. The castle now lies in ruins. 城堡现在已成了一片废墟了。2. The rain ruined my painting. 这场雨把我的画给毁了。3. His rashness led ultimately to his ruin. 他的急燥卤莽最终导致了他的毁灭。4. He ruined his prosp
10、ects by carelessness. 他因疏忽大意而断送了前途。5. Ruin was staring her in the face. 她眼看就要倾家荡产了。6. The castle has fallen into ruin. 那城堡已破败不堪。7. It poured with rain and my dress got/was ruined. 大雨倾盆, 我的连衣裙已淋得不成样子了。8. Gambling was his ruin. 他堕落是因为好赌。injure v. 伤害,使.受冤屈1. She was injured badly in the accident. 她在事故中
11、受重伤。2. He injured his left hand in a fire. 他在火灾中伤了左手。3. He that spare the bad injure the good. 饶恕了恶人，伤害了好人。4. Dont injure yourself with that tool. 不要让那工具伤害到你。词义辨析 harm，damage，injure，hurtharm 的含义侧重于“损害，伤害” ，可指精神或肉体的伤害，程度较轻，如：Dont harm your eyes by reading in dim light. 不要在暗淡的灯光下看书而伤害了眼睛。injure 指“损害，受
12、伤” ，着重容貌、机能的损坏，例如：She was injured badly in the accident. 事故中她受了伤。damage 意为“破坏，损坏” ，如： Hundreds of houses were damaged by the storm. 暴风雨毁坏了数百家房屋。hurt 指“伤害；刺痛” ，尤指在精神或肉体上的伤害，含有强烈的疼痛，例如：No feelings were hurt though the criticism was sharp. 批评虽然尖锐，却未伤感情。destroy v. 破坏,毁坏计算机 撤消1. An atom bomb would destro
13、y a city. 一颗原子弹能摧毁一座城市。2. The injured dog had to be destroyed. 这只受伤的狗要予以人道毁灭。3. We want to nurture the new project, not destroy it. 我们要支持这个新工程, 不要破坏它。4. The new law operates to destroy our advantages. 这项新法律损害我们的利益。5. Before they fled the country, the enemy vainly attempted to destroy all the factori
14、es. 敌人在逃往国外前，妄图把所有工厂都毁掉。6. If the tree falls that way, it will destroy the house. 树向那边倒下就会把那所房子压坏。shock n. 震动,冲突,震惊v. 震动,冲突,使.受电击1. Anyone touching that wire could get badly shocked. 任何人碰到那根电线都会遭到严重的电击。2. His death was a great shock to us all. 他的死使我们大家都大为震惊。3. The violence and bad language in the pr
15、ogram shocked many of the viewers. 节目中的暴力场面和难听的粗话使许多观众感到震惊。4. It gave me quite a shock to be told I was seriously ill. 听说我的病很严重，我吃了一惊。5. Im not easily shocked, but that book really is obscene. 我并不是大惊小怪的人, 但那本书淫秽之甚确实让我大吃一惊。6. The news of his mothers death was a terrible shock to him. 他母亲去世的噩耗使他非常震惊。7
16、. He was shocked to hear his child swearing. 他听见他孩子骂人非常生气。8. I was shocked at the news of her death. 我听到她去世的消息十分震惊。rescue n. 援救,解救,营救v. 援救,救出,营救1. The government has rescued the firm from bankruptcy by giving them a grant. 政府拨款给这家公司使其免于破产。2. Had Jim not dived in to rescue him, the boy would have dro
17、wned. 如果不是吉姆跳下水去救，那小孩早就淹死了。3. Police rescued the hostages. 警方救出了人质。4. A wealthy sponsor came to our rescue with a generous donation. 有个富有的赞助人慷慨捐赠来解救我们。5. The well-drilled crew managed to rescue most of the passengers. 训练有素的机组人员设法营救出了大部分乘客。6. Rescue workers rushed to the site of the plane crash. 抢救人员
18、冲向飞机坠毁的现场。7. He dived from the bridge to rescue the drowning child. 他从桥上跳入水中去救溺水儿童。8. Going to their rescue in a rowing-boat is a bit of a forlorn hope. 乘划艇去救他们, 希望不大. 。organizevi. 组织起来vt. 组织1. The meeting was badly organized. 会议组织得很糟。2. “Dont mourn for me. Organize!”These were his last words. “不要为我
19、悲痛，组织起来！”这就是他最后的遗言。3. They planned to organize a scientific expedition. 他们计划组织一次科学考察。4. Sarah has been enlisted to organize the party. 萨拉已应邀组织这一聚会。5. I was asked to organize the trip, but I messed it up. 大家要我组织这次旅游，可是我把事情搞糟了。6. He needs to marry a down-to-earth person who will organize his life for
20、him. 他需要娶个讲求实际的人做妻子好为他安排生活。7. All her friends have been roped in to help organize the event. 她所有的朋友都已动员来协助组织这一活动。8. To write a good essay you must first organize your ideas logically. 要写出好文章, 必须先从逻辑上理顺思绪。dig out vt. 挖出(挖掉,查出)1. He was buried by an avalanche and had to be dug out. 他遇雪崩被埋住了，得把他挖出来。2.
21、It is not easy to dig out the past. 发掘过去的历史是不容易的。3. He was dug out from under the avalanche. 他被人从坍崩的雪堆中挖出来。4. Raymond: We can either dig out some earth worms in my yard or buy some shrimps in the market. 雷蒙：我们可以到我家院子里挖一些蚯蚓，或者在市场上买一些小虾。bury v. 埋葬1. Both his grandparents were buried here. 他的祖父母都葬在这里。2
22、. He was sitting with his head buried in a book. 他坐着埋头看书。3. He walked slowly, his hands buried in his pockets. 他走得很慢，两手插在衣袋里。4. Her head was buried in the book she was reading. 她在埋头读书。5. She buried her face in her hands and wept. 她双手掩面哭了起来。6. Your letter got buried under a pile of papers. 你的信压在一堆文件下
23、面了。7. Hes been dead and buried for years! 他已死亡并且埋葬多年了!8. He was buried with his wife. 他和他妻子葬在一起。a number of 许多,若干1. I have consulted a number of law books in the British Museums. 我查阅了大英博物馆里许多法律书籍。2. A number of burglaries have been committed in this area recently. 这一带最近发生了若干起入户盗窃案。3. A number of sol
24、diers were detached to guard the building. 许多士兵被派去保护这座建筑物。4. The play contains a number of typical Stoppard set pieces. 这出戏里有若干典型的斯托帕特式的场景。5. Quite a number of world famous paintings are on show in this exhibition. 有许多的世界名画在本次展览会上展出。6. The Green Party hopes to put up a number of candidates in the Ge
25、neral Election. 绿党希望提出若干候选人参加大选。7. A number of cables are needed in this project. 这项工程需要大量电缆。8. The bishop conducted a number of confirmations at the service. 主教在仪式上为许多人施行了坚信礼。词义辨析 amount，number这一对词都能用作名词和动词，又都表示“数目” 、 “总数”之意，故很易混淆。它们之间的区别是，amount 用于不可数名词，表示“量” ； number 用于可数名词，表示“数” 。例： He has contr
26、ibuted a considerable amount of money to the Chinese University of Hong Kong （amount 为名词）他捐了一笔为数可观的钱给香港中文大学。 Our expenditure amounts to fifty thousand dollars a month （amount 为动词）我们每月的开支达五万元。 Every year the Hong Kong Book Fair draws a large number of visitors （number 为名词）每一年香港的书展吸引了大量的观众。 Today more
27、 than 30，000 students are enrolled in the polytechnic The full-time students in our department number over 3，500 （number 为动词）现在理工学院有三万多名学生；我们系里全日制的学生已超过三千五百名。Amount 除作“数量” 、 “总额 ”解外，亦可表示“价值”之意。例： Your information is of little amount （名词）你的情报没有什么价值。 It is unlikely that the forthcoming talks will amou
28、nt to very much （动词）看来即将举行的会谈不会有多大意义。与 amount 一词搭配使用的字很多，常用的有：respectable（相当大的数量） ； trifling（微不足道的数额） ； approved（核准的数额） ； fixed（固定的数额） ； vast（大量） ；average（平均数） ；aggregate（总额） ；required （所需数） ； proper（适量） 。与 number 搭配的形容词亦不少，常见的有：round （整数） ；serial （编号） ； small（为数不多） ；astonishing（数目惊人） ； even（偶数） ； o
29、dd（奇数） ； high（大数） ；low（小数） ； huge（immense）（巨大的数量） ；limited （有限的数目） ；maximum （最大量） ； minimumgive out 分发1. The teacher gave out the examination papers. 教师发了考卷。2. After a month their food supplies gave out. 过了一个月 , 他们的食物已消耗殆尽。3. The radiator is giving out a lot of heat. 散热器释放出很多热量。4. One of the planes
30、engines gave out in mid-Atlantic. 飞机在大西洋中部飞行时, 其中一个发动机出了故障。5. Her patience finally gave out. 她终于失去了耐性。6. It was given out that the President had been shot. 据称总统受到枪击。7. The news of the Presidents death was given out in a radio broadcast. 总统逝世的消息已在电台上播出了。8. He has refused to give out any information o
31、n the matter. 他已拒绝发表有关此事的任何消息。prepare v. 准备,预备1. He is preparing his speech for the meeting tomorrow. 他正准备明天集会的演说。2. Early experiments with military rockets prepared the ground for space travel. 早年对军用火箭进行的实验为发展航天技术奠定了基础。3. She was prepared for anything to happen. 她已准备好应付一切。4. I had no time in which
32、to prepare. 我已来不及做准备了。5. Prepare yourself for a nasty shock! 有件令人十分震惊的事, 你要有所准备!6. I am prepared to lend you the money if you promise to pay it back. 我愿意把钱借给你, 你得答应还给我。7. I knew there were problems, but I was not prepared for this! 我知道有些问题, 却未料到这一点!8. I am not prepared to stay and listen to these ou
33、trageous insults. 我可不愿意在这儿受这种奇耻大辱。thousands of 数千的.1. The fair is a big gathering. Thousands of businessmen from more than150 countries and regions are here to trade with China. 本次交易会是一次盛会。来自 150 多个国家和地区的成千上万的商人在这里与中国进行贸易。2. On the night of December1, 1930, a cloud of smog moved over a valley in Bel
34、gium, which caused thousands of people to become ill. 1930 年 12 月 1 日晚上，一片烟雾飘过比利时的一个山谷，这使数千人病倒了。3. The cyclone brought misery to thousands of people. 暴风给成千上万的人带来灾难。4. Men have been making music for thousands of years. 人类创作音乐已有数千年历史。5. The press has reported the massacre of thousands of people for their religious beliefs. 新闻界报道了那场因宗教信仰原因而对千万人的大屠杀。6. The novel captured the imagination of thousands of readers. 这部小说引起了千万读者的想象。7. The liberal candidate romped through with thousands of votes to spare. 自由党候选人轻易获胜，超出选票数以千计。8. There are thousands of awnings on the sea beach. 沙滩上有许多遮阳篷。
