1、Unit 5 Nelson Mandelaa modern hero教材分析I教学内容分析本单元的中心话题是当代英雄纳尔逊曼德拉。有别于一般故事的直叙手法，本单元采用穷苦的黑人工人伊莱亚斯叙述他眼中的曼德拉的手法，从不同的侧面反映故事的主题内容。第一篇阅读短文伊莱亚斯向我们介绍1952-1963 年期间的曼德拉。第二篇听力短文伊莱亚斯讲述了他为了争取与白人有平等的权利而参加了曼德拉的非洲国民大会青年联盟。第三篇阅读短文伊莱亚斯说到他在罗本岛监狱得到了曼德拉的帮助，非国大（ANC) 掌权后，伊莱亚斯又回到罗本岛监狱担任导游。这样的写法尽可能剔除作者的主观看法，留给学生更多的思考空间，启发学生自己
2、去思考，主动地表述对自己心目中英雄人物的看法。Warming up 部分通过学生的讨论，了解彼此及对伟人的品质看法。这部分的词汇都与学生的日常生活和学习有关，所以能调动学生讨论的积极性，同时了解学生的特点，达到热身的效果。Pre-reading 部分提供了六个重要的历史人物，这可以作为对学生知识面开阔与否的考察；同时借助有效的文字信息，要求学生读懂每个人的基本情况。通过讨论区分伟人和重要人物，理解伟人、重要人物之间的区别和联系，判断他们中谁能称得上是伟大的人。Reading 部分是伊莱亚斯介绍的 1952-1963 年期间的曼德拉：开设黑人律师事务所，为遇到麻烦的穷苦黑人提供咨询服务；以和平的
3、方式来获取黑人应有的权利。Comprehending 部分分别从不同层面引导学生进行阅读。通过判断正误，检测学生对阅读篇章的表层来理解程度；通过小组讨论，回答问题；根据不同的时间，分别列出曼德拉和伊莱亚斯的经历，要求学生充分的把握文章的结构。Learning about Language 部分主要着重于词汇和语法的学习与训练。词汇学习部分主要通过词语释义、缺词填空等形式的练习，帮助学生熟悉重点词汇和短语。语法部分紧扣“when, where, why，介词 which，介词whom 引导的定语从句”这一语法项目，重点学习如何选择合适的引导词，通过填空以及举例的形式进行综合操练。Using La
4、nguage 部分综合训练听、说、读、写的能力。阅读部分是本单元主要阅读篇章故事的延续。伊莱亚斯继续叙述他眼中的曼德拉，伊莱亚斯说到他在罗本岛监狱得到了曼德拉的帮助，非国大（ANC)掌权后，伊莱亚斯又回到罗本岛监狱担任导游。伊莱亚斯的描述，可以使学生从中了解南非黑人当时的生活状况以及他们不平等的社会地位，从而进一步了解曼德拉。 “写作”(Writing）部分重点指导学生如何选取和组织材料，来描述伟人。Summing Up 部分引导学生从内容、词汇和语法三个方面进行总结。对于如何制作学习计划，对于提高学习策略水平有很大的帮助。Learning Tip 部分指导学生收集尽可能多的有关名人的材料；通
5、过阅读获取基本的信息，并以此为依据分析这些人，从而得出正确的有关名人的评论。 II教学重点和难点1教学重点1）本单元的生词和短语。2）掌握运用由when, where, why,介词which, 介词whom的定语从句。3) 了解纳尔逊曼德拉的生平事迹。2教学难点1）认识伟人所应具备的优秀品质，向他们学习，以提高自身的素质。2）学会发表评论和表达自己的看法。3）学写有关伟人或名人的生平III教学计划本单元分五课时：第一课时：Warming up, Listening peoples rights; peoples livelihood.Mohandas Gandhi:He gave up a
6、rich life for his ideas and fought for his country to be free from the UK in a peaceful way.Nelson Mandela:He fought for the black people and was in prison for almost thirty years. He helped black people get the same rights as white people.Neil Armstrong:He was the first man to land on the moon in J
7、uly 1969. He said, “Thats one small step for (a) man, one giant leap for mankind.”Discussion:Let students work in pairs and decided which of them are great men and which are just important men. Give your reasons for you decision.Step 2. ReadingPurpose: 1) To have Ss learn about some information abou
8、t Nelson Mandela and the situation where the black was badly or unfairly treated.2) To get Ss to learn about reason why Nelson Mandela helped the black people to get the same right as white people.1. Leading inPurpose: Arose students interest of the text and encourage students to imagine the content
9、s of the textTeam work: Answer the question below: Whats the connection between them?Step 3. Reading1. Fast readingPurpose: To get a brief understanding of the text.Team work:1) Ask the students if they are curious about the relationship between Nelson Mandela and the black people, esp. Elias, then
10、ask the students to read the text. While reading through the text, preferably the first and last sentences of each paragraph and then get a general idea of the passage according to the following form.Paragraphs Hints Details1 Self-introduction 2 Eliass trouble-schooling and job3 Impression of Mandel
11、a and his influence4 Realization of the situation with the help of Mandela5 True feeling and actions2) Try to analyze the structure of the passage.Part Paragraph Main idea1 Paragraph 1-2 The life of Elias life before he met Nelson Mandela.2 Paragraph 3-5 The change of Elias life after he met Nelson
12、Mandela and what Mandela did.2. SkimmingPurpose: To get Ss to have some details in the text.Individual work:1) Read the text quickly and try to get some details from the text. Work in pairs and try to tell which of the following statements are true and which are false and why.1. Elias went to see Ne
13、lson Mandela when he was in trouble.2. Elias left school because the school was too far from his home.3. Nelson Mandela helped him keep his job.4. Elias trusted Nelson Mandela and he joined the ANC Youth League.5. Elias was willing to blow up government buildings.6. Nelson Mandela thought violence w
14、as a good way to help black people.Ask individual students to give their answers, and their reasons.Suggested answers:1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F 6. F 3) CompetitionTake a quiz below and according to the questions; see whether they can grasp the details of the text.1. Why did Elias have to leave school
15、?A. Because he didnt have a passbook.B. Because his home was far from the school.C. Because his family couldnt afford the school fees.D. Because he couldnt read or write.2. Nelson Mandela opened a black law firm in order to .A. make moneyB. help the poor black people with their problemsC. make himse
16、lf famousD. study law3. How did Nelson Mandela help Elias keep his job?A. He talked with Elias boss.B. He helped him get the correct papers.C. He lent him some money.D. He asked him to go to court.4. Why did Elias help Nelson Mandela blow up some government buildings?A. Because he liked violence.B.
17、Because it was not dangerous.C. Because he thought it was a way to make black and white people equal.D. Because he wanted to be famous.5. What dream did Nelson Mandela have?A. To become the president of South Africa.B. To win the Nobel Peace Prize.C. To make black and white people equal.D. To blow u
18、p some government buildings.6. What does the word “leave” in the 3rd line of Para 2?A. go away from a place B. give up; stopC. forget to take D. cause sb. to be in a certain condition7. What can we infer from this part?A. Elias was a black worker in Johannesburg.B. Elias received little education wh
19、en he was young.C. Mandela opened a law firm to help black to share their problems.D. Black people in Johannesburg are not treated equally.Suggested answers:1. C 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. D3. ScanningTeam work:Read the text carefully and try to find more details from the text then make a timeline
20、of Eliass life, according to the time below.1940 1942 1944 19461948 1950 1952 1954Suggested answers:1940: Elias was born.1942: Elias was a two years old baby.1944: Elias was four years old.1946: Elias began school.1948: Elias left school.1950: Nelson Mandela opened his law firm.1952: Elias was 12 an
21、d met Mandela.1954: Elias was fourteen and encouraged by Mandela.4. RetellingAccording to the timeline of Eliass life, use some important words and phrases to retell the text.Retell the passage in third person with the help of the following hints:Elias black worker South Africa little education diff
22、iculties at the age of 12 Mandela with sbs help moved kindness Elias time life for the blacks hard rights choose unequally ANC Youth League equal rights join peaceful way law not allow violence with violence dreamSuggested answers:Elias was a black worker in South Africa. He just received little edu
23、cation when he was young. So he had some difficulties in his work. When he was at the age of 12, he met Mandela and solved his problems with his help. He was greatly moved by his kindness.During Elias time, life for the blacks was hard. They had no rights to choose and were treated unequally. So whe
24、n Mandela organized the ANC Youth League to fight for the equal rights of the blacks, Elias joined it as soon as he could. At first they tried some peaceful way to break the law but it was not allowed. As a result, they had to answer violence with violence to realize their dream of making black and
25、white people equal.3. Listen to the tape and deal with the language points in groups.Purpose: To train Ss listening ability and Ss language capacity. Listen to the tape and follow it in a low voice.Group work: The students are divided into three groups. Each group is supposed to read through each pa
26、rt, and then find the following phrases.a very difficult period of my life, be worried about, out of work, reach a stage，in fact，be put in a position, eitheror, answer violence with violence, as a matter of fact, blow up, be put in prison, achieve ones dream of doing sth.4. Language studyExplain som
27、e important sentences:1 The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.2 It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.3 After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine.4 The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping o
28、ur rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.5 We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government.6 Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.6. DiscussionGroup work:Ask studen
29、ts discuss the following questions with their partners and give their own opinion.1. What problems did the black people like Elias have?2. What do we call it when some people are badly treated because of their race and others?3. Is it fair to treat others badly for things they cannot change, like th
30、e color of skin or eyes or the race one belongs to? Give a reason.Possible answers:1. Black people had no vote and could not choose who ruled them. The parts of town where they lived were places decided by white people. They could not get jobs they wanted. The places they were the poorest areas in S
31、outh Africa. No one could grow food there.2. Racialism3. No. Encourage students to give their opinions.Step6. Homework1. Use the new words and expressions to make some sentences.2. Try to write a short composition about the story of Nelson Mandela.Period 4 ungenerous6 _ a time or state that somethin
32、g reaches as it grows7 _ money paid for going to school8 _ basic general truth9 _ the human race10 _ period of being youngSuggested answers:1 league,2 guidance,3 out of work,4. devoted,5. mean,6. stage,7. fee,8. principle,9. mankind,10. youth二、Adjective Noun Kind kindnesscalm calmnessselfish selfish
33、nessill illnesslonely lonelinessNoun Adjective Adverb care careful carefullyhope hopeful hopefullypeace peaceful peacefullybeauty beautiful beautifullysuccess successful successfully三. Complete the passage with some of the words above.My name is Robert Sobukwe. Like Nelson Mandela I was a _ who beli
34、eved that all _ is created _. I hate _ and tried to use _ ways so that black people could _ for their government. As I live in South Africa, the _ of the South African _ did not agree with me. They _ me for encouraging the blacks to fight against the government and put me in prison. Nobody was allow
35、ed to talk to me for five long years and I lost the ability to talk. Before I went to prison, I had been _ that things would change. After I was released I found the _ of life for black people had got worse. I was _ my future., and soon I fell ill. Although I was not as successful as Nelson Mandela,
36、 many people remember me as one of the first _ black fighters for human rights in South Africa.Answer keys:lawyer, mankind, equal, violence, legal, vote, officials, Republic, attacked, hopeful, quality, worried about, active3. Using Words and Expressions (WB)Purpose: 1) To enable the Ss to master so
37、me new words and expressions2) To get some information about Charles Babbage1) Group Work:Show some pictures and ask students to talk about the person in the picture and his achievements.2) Individual Work:Choose the words or expressions from the brackets to complete the passage below, then read the
38、 story about Charles Babbage.Charles Babbage was born in 1791 in Britain. He was in poor health in his _ (young/youth) so he had to _ (brought/be educated) at home. His mother (worried for/worried about) his health and she was(advised begged) that he should not be (taught/ educating) too much. Howev
39、er, the boy showed an early interest in mathematics and worked hard at it. Later he was(receivedaccepted) by Cambridge University. Babbage began to work on a small difference engine（差分机）in 1819, which in a very short（period/ while) of time could work out mathematical tables by itself. He _ (released
40、/completed) it in 1822. In 1827 he became a professor of mathematics and began his lifelong work on computing machines. He worked _ (generously/selflessly). (At first As a matter of fact), he often spent his own money on his invention. In 1834 he invented the Analytical Machine（分析机）which is the prot
41、otype（原型）of a computer. This was a great achievement. He _ (devoted/gave in) a lot of his wealth and energy to his invention, but he never produced a real computer. Finally in 1871 he died(peacefulpeacefully). However his principles are still these on which computers are built. As a result, he is re
42、membered as the “grandfather of computing”.Suggested answers: youth; be educated; worried about; advised; taught; accepted; period; completed; selflessly; As a matter of fact; devoted; peacefully; Step 3. GrammarPurpose: To get the Ss to have knowledge of the grammar.1) Individual wok:Find out all t
43、he attributive clauses in Reading.Line 1: The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. Line 4: The school where I studied only two years was three kilometers away.Line 6: This was a time when one could not read or write.Line 9:The day when Nelson Mandela told me w
44、hat to do and helped me was one of the happiest days of my life.Line 14: We have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.倒数Line 10: The parts of town where they lived were places decided by white people.倒数Line 8: The place where they were sent to live were the poorest areas in South Af
45、rica.倒数Line 6: we were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important.倒数Line 5: We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful.2) Grammar pointwhen, where, why引导定语从句3. where 表示地点，只能跟在表地点或场合的名词后。注意：where不在从句中做主语或宾语。1 What is the name of the town where we stayed last nig
46、ht?2 Think of a place where we can go for dinner.3 Please leave the book at the place where it was.4 Please leave the book where it was2. when表示时间，只能跟在表时间的名词后。1 Tell me the time when the train leaves.2 July, when (=in which) we can go home for a rest, is coming soon.3 I will never forget the days th
47、at/which I spent with your family.3. why表示原因，通常跟在reason 后引导定语从句。1 I dont know the reason why he left here.2 This is the reason why (= for which) he cried.3 The teacher was surprised at the reason (that/which) he explained for being late.Step 4. ActivityPurpose: To get the Ss to grasp grammar through
48、 exercise.1) Individual Work: Ex 2Elias had some messages for his friends. Please help him complete sentences.Suggested answers：The mines where I worked were 9 km from my home.The reason why I got a job was because of my hard work.The time when I arrived was late at night.The government building where we voted was very tall.The date when I joined the ANC Youth League was the 5th of August.2) Pl
