1、Period Four GrammarReview of verb forms(3)感知以下课文原句，并完成方框下的小题1I dont want to board a sinking ship.2But although I was frightened，I also felt very curious.3It was quite dark，but I could see a man lying on the floor，tied up with rope.4There were two men standing over him.5When he heard that，the frighte
2、ned man on the floor started crying.6I have to find a way to save him!7Jim looked terrified.8I didnt want all three men to die.1以上句中，句 1、3、4、5 用了现在分词，表示主动关系，表示动作正在进行。2句 2、3、5、7 用了过去分词，表示被动关系，表示动作已经完成或表状态。3句 6、8 用了不定式，表示将来的动作。非谓语动词是动词的非谓语形式。在句中可起名词、形容词、副词的作用，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、补足语、定语或状语，即动词的非谓语形式除了不能作谓语外，
3、可以承担句子的其他成分。1非谓语动词有三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词) 。2非谓语动词的特点：三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们有时态和语态的变化，也能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。非谓语动词由于不能用作谓语，因而没有语法上的主语，但往往有逻辑上的主语。一、现在分词和过去分词作定语或表语1现在分词作定语，表示主动和正在进行的动作，与它所修饰的名词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系；过去分词作定语表示被动和完成的动作，与它所修饰的名词存在着逻辑上的动宾关系。注意 不及物动词的过去分词没有被动意义，只表示动作的完成。working people 劳动人民t
4、he rising sun 正在升起的太阳Do you know the girl dancing with your brother?你认识正和你哥哥跳舞的那个女孩子吗？He is a teacher respected by all his students.他是一位受他所有的学生尊敬的老师。2现在分词作表语相当于形容词，用来说明主语的性质或特征；过去分词作表语相当于形容词，表示主语所处的状态，而无被动意味。The news is really exciting.这消息确实激动人心。The children were excited about opening their presents
5、.孩子们对打开礼物感到兴奋不已。They looked disappointed.他们看起来好失望。The glass is broken.玻璃杯碎了。二、动名词和不定式作宾语或主语1在 want，decide，promise，refuse，agree ，wish，hope，expect 等及物动词后面的宾语只能是动词不定式，不能是动名词。Our teacher decided to stay with us.老师决定留下来与我们在一起。My English teacher promised to lend some books to me.我的英语老师答应借给我一些书。2在一些动词、动词短语
6、和句式后只跟动名词作宾语：(1)这样的动词有finish，enjoy， mind，suggest ，practise ，admit，advise ，allow ，appreciate ，avoid，consider，delay，deny ，discuss，dislike，escape ，excuse ，fancy，forbid，forgive，imagine，keep，mention，miss，pardon，permit，prevent，report，risk ，stop ，understand 等。I advise waiting a few more days.我建议再等几天。I admi
7、t breaking the window.我承认我打破了窗户。(2)这样的动词短语常见的有：insist on，be worth，give up，object to，put off，keep on，leave off， look forward to，think of，be/get used to，spend.in，cant stand，feel like， go on 等。Do you feel like taking a walk?你想不想去散步？We succeeded in getting over all the difficulties.我们终于克服了所有的困难。(3)这样的句式
8、有：have problems (in)动名词have fun (in)动名词have difficulty (in)动名词have trouble/a hard time (in)动名词be busy (in)动名词waste time (in)动名词lose time (in)动名词以上动名词作介词宾语，in 常可省去。Youre wasting your time trying to explain it to him.你跟他解释是在浪费时间。3动名词在 deserve，need， require，want 后作宾语时，表示被动的意思，相当于不定式的被动形式。The following
9、language points deserve mentioning/to be mentioned.下面的语言点值得提及。The old temple needs repairing/to be repaired.这座旧庙需要修理。4在部分动词后用动名词作宾语和用不定式作宾语，意义完全不同。Error!Error!Error!Error!Error!Error!Error!Hearing the doorbell，she stopped washing the dishes.听见门铃声，她停止了洗碗。Hearing the doorbell，she stopped to open the d
10、oor.听见门铃声，她停下手中的活去开门。If the car wont start，try pushing it.如果这辆车发动不起来，就试着推一推它。You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。5当动名词作主语时，我们常用先行词 it 作形式主语，而把真正的主语 (动名词)放到句尾。特别要注意以下结构：(1)It is useless (no use，no good，fun，no harm，a good pleasure) doing.(2)It is a waste of time doing.(3)It is worthwhile doing.It
11、is no good writing to him；he never answers letters.写信给他不妥，他从来不回信。It is a waste of time discussing such matters with him.与他讨论这种事情是在浪费时间。6当不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。若不定式结构比较复杂，往往用 it 作形式主语，真正的主语(不定式)放在句子的后面。To do that sort of thing is foolish.做那种事真是愚蠢。Its necessary to lock the car when you do not use it.不用车的时
12、候，锁车是有必要的。三、分词和不定式作宾语补足语1 用 带 to 的 不 定 式 作 宾 补 的 动 词 有 ：ask， beg， expect， get， order， tell， want， wish， encourage 等 。I get him to fetch some chalks.我让他去取些粉笔。She told me to put on my sweater.她叫我穿上毛衣。2用不带 to 的不定式作宾补的动词有： have，let，make，notice，see ，watch，hear，feel等。但要注意变成被动语态时，要加 to。I noticed a stranger
13、 come into our office.A stranger was noticed to come into our office (by me)我注意到一个陌生人进了我们的办公室。3用现在分词和过去分词作宾补的动词有：notice，see ，watch ，hear ，feel，find，keep，leave 等。I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她房间时，我听见她在唱英文歌。I heard the song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。.
14、单句语法填空1I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph taken(take)(2018天津)2I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking(look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged.(2018全国)3Once his message was delivered，he allowed me to stay(stay) and watch.(2018全国)4I still remem
15、ber visiting (visit) a friend whod lived here for five years. (2018浙江)5Fast food is full of fat and salt；by eating(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.(2017全国) 6This included digging up the road，laying(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over
16、 the top.(2017全国) 7But unlike her school friends,16yearold Sarah is not spending halfterm resting(rest)(2017全国)8To return to the problem of water pollution，Id like you to look at a study conducted(conduct) in Australia in 2012.(2016浙江).单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误 )9Everyone was silent， to see who would be call
17、ed upon to read his or her paragraph waitwaitingaloud.(2018全国，短文改错)10In their spare time，they are in planting vegetables in their garden.interestinginterested(2017全国，短文改错)11When summer comes，they will invite their students pick the vegetables！ to(2017全国，短文改错)12Mom was grateful and .(2016四川，短文改错)movi
18、ngmoved13He would ask who we were and pretend not to us.(2016浙江，短文改错)knowingknow14It was both and frightening to be up there！(2016浙江，短文改错)excitedexciting.单句语法填空1I am awfully tired(tire) but I know Ill never fall asleep.2They are admiring the new bridge designed(design) by a young engineer.3He tried
19、to pretend to share(share) the pleasure with his friends.4While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted(promote)，Henry did his best to perform his duty.5I remembered being taken(take) to Thailand by my parents when I was a child.6What a poor memory! I forgot to return(return) the money to him ag
20、ain.7On a clear Sunday，he suggested taking(take) the children to the zoo.8When he heard the bad news，a disappointed(disappoint) look appeared on his face.9These apples need washing/to be washed(wash) before you eat them.10It was John who was made to give(give) a speech at the meeting yesterday.单句改错(
21、每小题仅有 1 处错误 )11When did you get down to with this problem?dealdealing12His behavior was so bad that we were with him.disappointingdisappointed13How can you keep them when you tell a story?amusingamused14. pleasant，the music has been downloaded by many people.SoundedSounding15The thief was made give
22、an account of what he had done. to16When did he see the two girls to play in the forest?17Because of the emergency，the teacher decided to put off the meeting.holdholding18The old man has nothing to do but TV every day.watchingwatch基础巩固.单句语法填空1The time that has been devoted in the past few years to h
23、elping(help) the disabled is now considered to be of great value.2In home languages,100 words make up half of all words used(use) in daily conversations.3It was too cold yesterday morning，and I couldnt get my car started(start)4I regret to inform(inform) you that your application has not been succes
24、sful.5Ladies and gentlemen，please remain seated(seat) until the plane has come to a complete stop.6He claimed to have been treated(treat) badly in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.7It is no use regretting(regret) your past mistakes.8Weve had a good start，more work needs doing/to
25、be done(do) to achieve the final success.9She is always the first to come(come) to the office every day.10I have no choice but to give (give) up this chance to go abroad for study.完成句子11She told the child to stay there and wait till she came back.她让孩子待在那里等她回来。12The teacher encouraged us to write an
26、article every week.老师鼓励我们每周写一篇文章。13Those wishing to join this club should sign here.想加入这个俱乐部的人在这里签名。14The story written by a middle school student is popular in schools.这个由一名中学生写的故事在学校中很流行。15I regret to tell you that I cannot come.我遗憾地告诉你我不能来了。16Its a waste of time quarrelling/arguing with him.跟他争吵是
27、浪费时间。17That company，though relatively small，is pleasant to deal with.那个公司，虽然相对来说小，但是很好打交道。18Lets have a rest and then we go on walking.咱们休息一下，然后再继续走路吧。19His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.他下个月要出版的第一本书是根据真实的故事写的。20The power station built last year operates smoothly.去年建
28、造的发电站运转顺利。能力提升.阅读理解Jimmy is an automotive mechanic，but he lost his job a few months ago.He has a good heart，but always feared applying for a new job.One day，he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview.His appointment was at 10 am and it was already 8：30.While waiting for a
29、bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed，he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car.Obviously there was something wrong with the car.Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand.When Jimmy finished working on the car，the old man asked him how much he should pay for the
30、 service.Jimmy said there was no need to pay him；he just helped someone in need，and he had to rush for an interview.Then the old man said， “Well，I could take you to the office for your interview.Its the least I could do.Please，I insist.” Jimmy agreed.Upon arrival，Jimmy found a long line of applicant
31、s waiting to be interviewed.Jimmy still had some grease on him after the car repair，but he did not have much time to wash it off or have a change of shirt.One by one， the applicants left the interviewers office with disappointed look on their face.Finally his name was called.The interviewer was sitt
32、ing on a large chair facing the office window.Rocking the chair back and forth，he asked， “Do you really need to be interviewed？” Jimmys heart sank.“With the way I look now，how could I possibly pass this interview？ ” he thought to himself.Then the interviewer turned the chair and to Jimmys surprise，i
33、t was the old man he helped earlier in the morning.It turned out that he was the general manager of the company.“Sorry I had to keep you waiting，but I was pretty sure I made the right decision to have you as part of our workforce before you even stepped into the office.I just know youd be a trustwor
34、thy worker.“Congratulations！” Jimmy sat down and they shared a cup of welldeserved coffee as he landed himself a new job.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了吉米在去参加面试的途中帮助一位老人修了车而老人正是他面试的那家公司的总经理，吉米得到老人的认可，顺利得到了新工作。21What did Jimmy see on the way to the interview?AA friends car had a flat tyre.BA wild man was pushing
35、 a car.CA terrible accident happened.DAn old man s car broke down.答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“.he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car.Obviously there was something wrong with the car.”可知，吉米看到一位老人的车抛锚了。故选 D。22Why did the old man offer Jimmy a ride?AHe was also to be interviewed.BHe needed
36、a traveling companion.CHe always helped people in need.DHe was thankful to Jimmy.答案 D 解析 细节理解题。前文说到在修完车后他回绝了老人提供的修理费；再根据老人所说“Its the least I could do.Please，I insist.”可知，老人是因为感激而主动送他去面试地点的。故选 D。23How did Jimmy feel on hearing the interviewers question?AHe was sorry for the other applicants.BThere wa
37、s no hope for him to get the job.CHe regretted helping the old man.DThe interviewer was very rude.答案 B解析 推理判断题。由第三段倒数第二句“Jimmys heart sank.”可推知，他感觉自己已经没有希望得到这份工作了。故选 B。24What can we learn from Jimmys experience?AWhere there is a will，theres a way.BA friend in need is a friend indeed.CGood is rewarde
38、d with good.DTwo heads are better than one.答案 C 解析 推理判断题。吉米在应聘途中无偿地帮助的老人正是他去面试的那家公司的总经理，而后他被提供了那份工作。从这个故事中我们不难认识到：善有善报(Good is rewarded with good)。A 项“有志者事竟成” ；B 项“患难见真情” ；D 项 “三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮” 。故选 C。.完形填空The Write FeelingGrowing up in a military family，I moved a lot.I mostly went to 25 with other kids w
39、hose parents were also in the military.But when my dad 26 from the Marines after twenty years of service，I found myself 27 a civilian school with twelveyearolds who shared no similar life experience with me.I was a stranger in a strange land.Everyone in my class had grown up together，and they had no
40、 room to 28 for a newcomer.I wore different clothes，had different thoughts，and spoke with an accent.I 29 for the first few weeks of school.I had no friends， no activities， and no 30 of a bright future.To deal with it all，I began 31 in my diary every daystories of adventure，of old friends，of feelings
41、 that I could not speak.I wrote as if my life depended on it，as if the very next breath I took could not happen 32 I wrote down words.One day，my teacher，Mrs Bush，came to me and asked why I always sat there writing instead of playing with others.I told her I enjoyed writing and 33 writing to playing.
42、She smiled at me and walked away.About three weeks later， Mrs Bush gave us a writing assignment.I was 34 that I could now participate in something I knew I excelled in.That night I worked and worked on the essay.I wrote with great 35 .It was my chance to feel important and 36 by the class.A few days
43、 after we handed in our assignments，Mrs Bush called me up to the 37 of the classroom.I stood before thirty pairs of eyes looking at me，and I got 38 .Was I in trouble？ Did I do something wrong?Then Mrs Bush told the class how much she 39 all the work that went into the essay and everyone had done a g
44、reat job.But，she said，one student stood 40 as an excellent writer，one with imagination， creativity，and word mastery.That student was me!The class clapped politely and Mrs Bush handed me my paper，with the following 41 on it：“ Malinda，you are an excellent writer.You fill your paper with the breathings
45、 of your heart.Please keep on writing and share your 42 of writing with the world.I am proud of you and glad you are in my class.”Mrs Bush helped me feel a sense of 43 ，a place of purpose，and a way to survive a transition in life.She helped me gain 44 in myself that stayed with me beyond sixth grade
46、.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者转到一所新学校，没有朋友，只能沉溺于写作。一次老师的表扬让作者重新获得了自信。25A.church BschoolCwar Dwork答案 B解析 从后文看作者主要谈论上学时发生的事，选 B。 26A.separated BwithdrewCquit Dretired答案 D解析 由“after twenty years of service”可推断，父亲退休了。retire 退休，符合语境。故选 D 项。27A.visiting BattendingCrunning Dleaving答案 B解析 父亲退休后，我上了一所平民学校。attend schoo
47、l 上学。28A.build BpreserveCtake Dspare答案 D解析 班里的同学从小一起长大，他们没有腾出来多余的空间给新来的人。spare 分出，节约，符合语境。故选 D 项。 29A.struggled BplayedCfought Dexercised答案 A解析 穿衣风格不同，思维方式不同，所以最开始的几周我是努力或挣扎着使自己适应。故选 A 项。30A.memory BcontrolCpromise Dneed答案 C解析 我没有朋友，不参与他们的活动，自然也失去了对光明未来的希望。promise 这里指希望。 31A.reading BdrawingCwriting
48、 Dcopying答案 C解析 我开始在日记本里记录我想说的话。C 项切合语境。 32A.unless BonceCwhile Dafter答案 A解析 除非我写下这些事，否则我将不能呼吸。意指写作对我的重要性。 33A.compared BappliedCturned Dpreferred答案 D解析 老师问我为何不和其他同学一起玩，我告诉她相对于玩耍，我更喜欢写作。prefer A to B 表示“相对于 B，更喜欢 A”。 34A.astonished BsatisfiedCexcited Dembarrassed答案 C解析 我知道自己可以参与做一些自己擅长的事情，心情自然很激动。 35A.anxiety BcuriosityCwonder Dpassion答案 D解析 这是一次证明自己的机会，我的写作过程自然极富热情。 36A.impressed BacceptedCchallenged Denvied答案 B解析 这是一次证明自己重要且被同学接纳的宝贵机会。故选 B 项。37A.front Bcor
