1、Period Four GrammarReview of adverbial clauses感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题1When he retired at the age of 26，he had won 106 gold medals in major competitions across the world.2But even though he had won everything it was possible to win in his sport，Li Ning retired with the feeling that he had failed.3If you go
2、 into a school or university anywhere，the chances are you will see students in Li Ning tracksuits with the familiar logo.4Whenever Chinese athletes step out onto the track during the 2008 Olympics，they will be wearing Li Ning tracksuits.5The marathon is the final Olympic event because it is thought
3、to be the hardest.1以上句中，句 1、4 是时间状语从句。2句 2 是让步状语从句。3句 3 是条件状语从句。4句 5 是原因状语从句。状语从句也称为副词性从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号分开；放在主句之后，一般不用逗号。状语从句按其意义和作用，可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句等。本模块复习时间状语从句、条件状语从句和让步状语从句。一、时间状语从句常用来引导时间状语从句的词有：when，whenever，as，while ，before，a
4、fter ，since，until/till ，as soon as，immediately ，the moment 等。1when，while 和 as 引导的时间状语从句(1)when“当时” ，引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生或先后发生；从句中的动词可以用延续性动词，也可以用终止性动词。It was snowing when we got to the airport.我们到达机场时，天正下着雪。(同时发生)He went home when he had finished his homework.做完作业后他回家了。(先后发生 )(2)while“与同时，在期间”
5、 ，while 引导的从句中动词常为延续性动词或表示状态的动词。Please be quiet while Im talking to you.我和你说话时，请保持安静。(3)as“当 时 ”(at the same time)不指先后，指动作或事件同时发生，还可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况。We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。As I get older，I get more optimistic.随着年龄的增长，我变得更乐观。2before 和 since 引导的时间状语从句(1)若表达“还未就” “不到就” “才 ”“趁还来得及”时，需用连词 befor
6、e。He had put the broken vase away before his mother came back.他趁妈妈还没回来就把打碎的花瓶收拾好了。(2)It will be时间段before sb.do/does.多久之后才。It will be 3 days before our manager signs the agreement.要过三天后经理才签那份协议。(3)since 从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是表示反复发生的动作。since 从句的时态通常是一般过去时，主句的时态则通常是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。He has writte
7、n to me frequently since I got sick.自从我病了以后，他经常给我写信。(4)在“It is时间段since 从句”句型中，时间的计算一律从 since 从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。It is half a year since she was in our class.她离开我们班有半年了。It is three years since he smoked.他戒烟有三年了。3till/until 引导的时间状语从句主句的谓语动词如果是延续性的，主句常用肯定形式，意为“一直到” ，表示主句的动作一直持续到 until 所表示的时间为止；如果是非延续性的，主句
8、常用否定形式，意为“直到才” 。I waited till/until 9：00.我一直等到 9 点钟。(wait 为延续性动作)I didnt go to bed until/till my father came back.我直到父亲回来才上床睡觉。(go to bed 为非延续性动作)注意 (1)在 not.until.结构中，not until 位于句首时主句用部分倒装。Not until recently did I know what he had done.直到最近我才知道他所做的事。(2)在强调句中，强调 until 引导的时间状语时，常把 not 提前，构成 It isnt/
9、wasnt until.that.。It wasnt until 11 oclock that he returned home.直到 11 点他才回家。4as soon as.，hardly.when. ，no sooner.than.一就若把表示否定含义的副词 hardly/no sooner 等放在句首，它们所在的主句要部分倒装，且主句要用过去完成时态。Hardly had he arrived when it began to rain.No sooner had he arrived than it began to rain.他刚到天就开始下雨了。5表示“一就”的一些副词有：imm
10、ediately ， instantly，directly 等。Immediately the bell rang，the boys rushed out.铃一响，男孩子们就冲出去了。6一些表示时间的名词词组，如 the moment，each time，every time，the first time，the last time，next time，the minute，the instant 等也可以用来引导时间状语从句，起连词的作用。Every time he came，he would bring me good news.他每一次来，都会给我带来好消息。The first time
11、 I went to Mount Tai，I was very happy.第一次去泰山，我非常高兴。二、条件状语从句条件状语从句是由 if，once，as/so long as，unless，on condition that，in case 等引导的。在条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时，现在完成时代替将来完成时。1if 和 unless 是最常用的条件状语从句的连接词，unless 在意义上等于 if.not.，并且语气较强。if 可用于虚拟条件句。You will improve your oral English if you keep on p
12、ractising.如果你坚持练习的话，你将会提高你的英语口语。Unless he studies hard， he will never pass the examination.他 如 果 不 努 力 学 习 ， 就 永 远 不 能 考 及 格 。2in case 后接一般现在时、一般过去时或包含 should 的从句，为主句的动作提供理由。Dont go out tomorrow morning in case Mr Li should come to visit you.明天上午不要出去以防李先生来拜访你。三、让步状语从句让步状语从句由 although/though，as ，even
13、 if/though，while，whatever ，no matter who/how/when 等词引导。1although 和 though 意义一样，意为“虽然，即使” ，表示让步，一般可换用，只是although 语气较重，大多置于句首。although/though 引导让步状语从句时，主句中不可出现 but。另外 although 不可当副词用，而 though 可以。They are generous though/although they are poor.虽然他们很穷，但他们很慷慨。2 whatever， however 和 no matter what/how 这 两
14、种 形 式 都 可 引 导 让 步 状 语 从 句 ， 意 义 无 差别 。Whatever/No matter what happens，we will not change our minds.无论发生什么事，我们都不会改变想法。However difficult/No matter how difficult the work is，we will try our best to finish it in time.无论工作多么困难，我们都要尽全力及时完成。3形容词/副词/名词/动词/分词as/though 可引导让步状语从句，表示强调。Young as/though he is，he
15、knows a lot about life.尽管他很小，但他对生活懂得挺多。Hard as she tried，she failed to pass the exam.尽管她努力了，但还是没有通过考试。注意 (1)as 引导让步状语从句时，要用倒装结构，动词或现在分词放在句首，谓语要加助动词 do，does，did 或 will 等；作表语的单数可数名词置于句首时，其前不加冠词。Fail as he did， he would never give up.尽管失败了，他也绝不会放弃。Intelligent student as he is，he doesn t study hard.尽管他是
16、个聪明的学生，但他不努力学习。(2)though 引导的从句也可像 as 引导的从句一样使用倒装语序，但是 although 引导的从句只能用正常语序。4whether.or.引导的让步状语从句Whether you go or not，I will go to visit my teachers.不管你去不去，我都要去看望我的老师。5while 也可引导让步状语从句，突出对比主句和从句所表示的两种情况。一般要位于句首。While he is young，he is experienced.他虽然年轻，却有经验。.单句语法填空1If we dont stop climate change，ma
17、ny animals and plants in the world will be gone.(2018北京)2Unless you can sleep well，you will lose the ability to focus，plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.(2018江苏)3If you dont understand something，you may research，study ，and talk to other people until you figure it out.(2017北京)4While/Alth
18、ough/Though birds use their feathers for flight，some of their feathers are for other purposes.(2017北京)5While/Although/Though some people are motivated by a need for success，others are motivated by a fear of failure.(2016江苏)6My grandfather still plays tennis now and then，even though/if hes in his nin
19、eties.(2016北京)7As the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for.(2016天津)8Over time，as/when the population grew，people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.(2016全国)9When/If it cried，she rocked it back and forth and gave it lit
20、tle comforting pats.(2016四川).单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误 )10The games my parents taught me I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my wherewhenlife.(2018全国，短文改错)11My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor I was packing them up.afterwhen/while(2015陕西，短文改错)12. I was only a child when I stu
21、died in that classroom，I will never forget it.IfAlthough/Though(2015浙江，短文改错).句型转换1No matter who you are，I wont open the door.Whoever you are，I wont open the door.2We will not have direct contacts with you until you agree to do what we say.Not until you agree to do what we say will we have direct con
22、tacts with you.3The storm had no sooner started than all the lights went out.No sooner had the storm started than all the lights went out.4He felt a thrill the moment he got into the theatre.He felt a thrill as soon as he got into the theatre.5Although the girl is young， she is good at communicating
23、 with such a person.Young as/though the girl is， she is good at communicating with such a person.完成句子6I havent heard from him since he went to the United States.自从他去了美国，我就没有收到他的来信。7I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.我刚到办公室我妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。8Marys mother doesnt
24、allow her to go anywhere unless another member of the family is along.玛丽的妈妈不允许她去任何地方，除非有其他家庭成员一起。9. While/Although/Though I understand what you say，I dont agree with you.虽然我理解你说的话，但是我不同意你的意见。10. Much as/though he loves his daughter，he is strict with her.他虽然很爱自己的女儿，但是他对她很是严格。11. As long as you dont l
25、ose heart，you will succeed.只要你不灰心，你会成功的。12He can use the bicycle on condition (that) he returns it tomorrow.他可以用这辆自行车，条件是明天必须归还。13. Immediately/Instantly/The minute/The moment/The instant/As soon as I saw her，I knew there was something wrong.我一看到她就知道出问题了。14Well start our meeting on time whether he c
26、omes or not.无论他来还是不来，我们都要按时开始会议。15Lessons can be learned to face the future，although/though history cant be changed.尽管历史不能被改变，但我们可以从中吸取教训来面对未来。基础巩固.单句语法填空1If you dont mind，I ll stop and take a deep breath.2Because the areas used for playing fields are often rough and rocky，millions of real balls go
27、flat within 24 hours.3Why didnt you tell me the truth? Before/When I booked the ticket，you promised to drive nonstop from Aye to Norwich.4John failed in the exam，though/although he had prepared a lot for it before.5When/Whenever the merchant faced some problems ，he always turned to his old friends.6
28、His works were not highly regarded until he died in 1936.7Mr Gates was only 21 years old when he first helped to set up the company in 1976.8As is reported，it is over 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.9A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.1
29、0Unless we have enough evidence，we cant win the case.完成句子11. Since he went to senior high school，he has been working very hard.自从上高中以来，他一直很用功。12Senior high school students should do exercise for one hour a day even though/though/although their spare time is limited.即使高中生的业余时间有限，他们还是应该每天锻炼一小时。13. If
30、we lend a helping hand to others，we will be offered help when we have difficulty.如果我们对别人伸出援助之手，那么当我们有困难时也会得到别人的帮助。14Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到开始工作，我才意识到我已经浪费了多少时间。15. Whenever/No matter when I am in trouble，my parents surely help me out so that I can adjust
31、 myself in good condition.每当我遇到麻烦的时候，我的父母一定会帮助我以使我调整到良好状态。.句型转换16On arriving in Chengdu， he telephoned his friend.The moment/instant/minute he arrived in Chengdu，he telephoned his friend.17I had no idea of it until you told me about it.Not until you told me about it did I have any idea of it.18I had
32、 hardly got home when it began to rain.Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.19Though I like it much，I won t buy it，for its so expensive.Much as I like it，I wont buy it，for its so expensive.20We will finish our work in three days.It will be three days before we finish our work.能力提升.阅读理解How did
33、 you find out youd been accepted to college? A thick，shiny packet(包) in the mail? Maybe an email?Nolan Brown found out hed been accepted to Butler University when he answered the front door Thursday afternoon and found a 65pound English bulldog on the other side.As the universitys live mascot(吉祥物) ，
34、Trip，tried to nose his way inside，representatives from Butler handdelivered his admission packet.“We came from Butler to let you know youve been admitted to the Class of 2022， ” said Michael Kaltenmark，Butlers director.Kaltenmark and Trip make anywhere from 40 to 100 home visits each year.Brown was
35、just the seventh stop of the year and among the first likely Butler students to find out hed been admitted.“These students have no idea.” Kaltenmark said， “which is really fun.”Its also really effective.Kaltenmark said students who get visited by Trip are three to four times more likely to choose Bu
36、tler than students who are admitted but dont get the personal visit.University administrators have been pleased with the results，too.“President Danko wants to clone the dog and get like 30 more， ” Kaltenmark joked.Nolan will wait to hear from a few other schools，but hopes he ends up in Butlers strat
37、egic communications program.“Ive been waiting anxiously for admissions from universities.Its nice to know Ive been accepted somewhere.This is the first one，and it feels good to get that monkey off my back， ” he said.Trip will continue to make visits throughout the college admissions season.Kaltenmar
38、k says theyll make more stops around the Indianapolis area.“Sometimes the students already know theyve been admitted，but Trip might make their decision easier.In those cases，we say Congratulations! Heres our dog，and we really want you to come in the fall， ” Kaltenmark said.“Hes sort of a hard face t
39、o say no to.”语篇解读 本文主要讲了 Butler University 大学的录取通知书的不寻常之处 由学校的吉祥物 一只英国斗牛犬 送达。21The author writes the second paragraph in order to .Ahelp students choose the right collegeBsuggest a new way to attract studentsCintroduce an unusual means of admission deliveryDprove that only excellent students can go
40、to Butler答案 C解析 写作意图题。根据第二段第一句可知 Nolan Brown 发现门口有一只英国斗牛犬带来了他的大学录取通知书，这里介绍了一种不同寻常的通知书送达方式。故选 C。22What does the underlined part “get that monkey off my back” in Para.5 most probably mean?AGet rid of the burden.BDiscover a secret.CBe visited by the dog.DRecover from a pain in the back.答案 A解析 词义猜测题。根据画
41、线词前的“Ive been waiting anxiously for admissions from universities.Its nice to know Ive been accepted somewhere.”可知，此处的意思是 Nolan去除了负担，感觉很好。故选 A。23What can we infer from the text?AIt is the first year for Kaltenmark and Trip to do the work.BStudents find it hard to refuse the admission because of the d
42、og.CButler University will clone 30 dogs to help with the admission delivery.DNo students knew about their admission before Kaltenmark and Trip came.答案 B解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Kaltenmark said.“Hes sort of a hard face to say no to.”可知，这只英国斗牛犬的脸很难让学生说“不” ，由此推断出由于这只狗，学生们很难拒绝被录取。故选 B。.完形填空If you have a lit
43、tle child，who hates sitting in a child car seat，then the Freedom Ride is the answer to your problem.Would you want to be 24 in an unchangeable position every time youre in the car? No.You wouldnt!When a 25 sits in a car for any length of time，we stretch，we change the position，we move our legs，and sh
44、ift 26 .We do this automatically，and without 27 .But kids in a traditional car seat cant do this.They are stuck in one position，and they 28 move.We move because the 29 of blood needs to be restored in our legs as we sit in the 30 position for any extended length of time.In a traditional car seat，the
45、 child cant move to 31 the pain，so it 32 them in a bad mood.The Freedom Ride lets them have a little 33 ，and still be safe.The 5point harness gives them additional safety 34 a traditional child car seat.I am the Webmaster for ，and 35 Joey Safe asked us to redo their website， I was 36 by this system.
46、That is because I have two small children， and we obviously 37 car seats.I live in Southern California， and every 38 of months，my wife，t he girls and I， go to see grandma who lives in Nevada.Its a 5hour drive， so the Freedom Ride 39 well.Our trips are so much better now，especially，since there is 40
47、room in the car without the car seats.The Freedom Ride really did 41 it easier to go on trips.The only thing you need when you use the Joey Safe 42 your old child seat is a pillow. 43 ，my kids want to take a pillow anyway! As a dad，I feel safe driving with the kids in the Freedom Ride.语 篇 解 读 本 文 介
48、绍 了 Freedom Ride这 款 产 品 ，它 能 让 孩 子 在 乘 车 途 中 更 安 全 、更 舒 适 。24A.stricken BdrivenCstuck Dhidden答案 C解析 根据第一段以及下文“They are stuck in one position”可知此处意为：你想每次在车里都被固定在一个不变的位置上吗？be stuck in 困于，动弹不得。故选 C。25A.woman BgrownupCkid Dman答案 B解析 根据下文“But kids in a traditional car seat cant do this.”可知此处是说成年人。grownup成年人。故选 B。26A.suddenly BconstantlyCsmoothly Dstrongly答案 B解析 成年人坐车坐久了，会不断活动活动。constantly 不断地，经常地。故选 B。27A.saying BstoppingCthinking Dmoving答案 C解析 根据上文“We do this aut
