1、Period Four Grammar Review of attributive clauses感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题1On a freezing cold day in January 1994，Jiesang Suonandajie found what he was looking fora group of poachers who were killing the endangered Tibetan antelope.2In the battle which followed Jiesang was shot and killed.3Often working at
2、night，the poachers shoot whole herds of antelopes at a time，leaving only the babies，whose wool is not worth so much.4The animals are skinned on the spot and the wool taken to India，where it is made into the shawls.5Sometimes there were gunfights，like the one in which Jiesang Suonandajie was killed.6
3、Meanwhile，in those countries where the shawls are sold，police are getting tough with the dealers.1句 1 中，who 引导定语从句，在从句中作 主语。2句 2 中，which 引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。3句 3 中，whose 引导定语从句，在从句中作 定语。4句 4 中，where 引导定语从句，在从句中作状语。5句 5 中，in which 引导定语从句，在从句中作状语。6句 6 中，where 引导定语从句，在从句中作状语。定语从句在句中起定语作用，修饰某一名词、名词短语或代词。定语从句
4、所修饰的词叫先 行 词 ， 定 语 从 句 放 在 先 行 词 后 面 。 定 语 从 句 分 为 两 类 ： 限 制 性 定 语 从 句 和 非 限 制 性定 语 从 句 。连接先行词与从句的词称为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that， which，who，whom，whose，as 等；关系副词有 where，when，why 等。一、由关系代词 who，whom，whose ，which ，that 引导的定语从句关系词 说明 成分 备注who 代替人 主语、宾语whom 代替人 宾语whose 代替人或物 定语which 代替物 主语、宾语that 代替人或物 主语、
5、宾语作宾语时可以省略The boys who are playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩们来自一班。Football is a game which is liked by most boys.足球是一项大部分男孩喜欢的运动。Is there anyone in your department whose father is a painter？你们系里有谁的父亲是画家吗？The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of wh
6、ich is broken will soon be repaired.门坏了的教室将很快会被修理。二、 “介词关系代词”引导的定语从句1关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，从句常由“介词关系代词”引导。The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous.他曾经就读的学校非常有名。2若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用 whom，不可用 who 或者 that；指物时用which，不能用 that；关系代词是所有格时用 whos
7、e。The man with whom you talked is my friend.和你说话的那个人是我的朋友。The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable.我们乘坐的去加拿大的飞机非常舒适。3在定语从句中，基于意义上的需要，可以在some，any，few，several ，many，all，both，none，neither ，either，each ，enough，half ，one，two 等词之后接 of whom 或 of which。In the room there are lots of people，ma
8、ny of whom I dont know.房间里有很多人，其中很多我不认识。三、由关系副词 when，where ，why 引导的定语从句1when 代替时间，在从句中作时间状语；where 代替地点，在从句中作地点状语；why代替原因，在从句中作原因状语。它们的含义相当于“介词which”结构，因此常常和此结构交替使用。There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。Is this the r
9、eason why (for which) he quit the job?这是他辞职的理由吗？2 “from where”结构，也可以引导定语从句。We stood at the top of the hill，from where we could see the town.我们站在山顶上，从那里我们能看见那个城镇。四、限制性定语从句只能用 that 的几种情况1如果先行词是all， much，little，anything，something，nothing，everything，none，some 等不定代词时，关系代词一般只用 that，不用 which。Is there anyth
10、ing that I can do for you?我能为你做些什么吗？2如果先行词被 the only，the very，the right，the same，the last，the best 等词修饰时，关系代词常用 that(指人时，还可以用 who)。This is the very book that I want to find.这就是我想找的那本书。That is the best film that we have seen.那是我们看过的最好的电影。I was the only person in my office that/who was invited.我是我们办公室
11、唯一被邀请的人。3当先行词被 all，every ，no，some，any，little，much 修饰时。All the people that are present burst into tears.在场的所有人都哭了。You can take any seat that is free.你可以坐任何空着的座位。4当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。When people talk about Hangzhou，the first that comes to mind is the West Lake.当人们谈及杭州时，第一个想到的就是西湖。It is the
12、first foreign book that I have ever seen.这是我看过的第一本外文书。This is the most beautiful flower that I have seen.这是我见过的最美的花。5在 there be 句型中，常用 that。There is a man that lives in that village.在那个村庄里住着一个人。6先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词用 that。The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.图画中的小男孩和小狗非常可爱。7当主句是以 w
13、ho 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时，关系代词用 that。Which are the books that you bought for me?哪些书是你给我买的？五、限制性和非限制性定语从句定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。翻译时常常不译作定语，而是译成与主句并列的句子。This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。My house，which I bought
14、last year，has got a lovely garden.我的房子有个漂亮的花园，这房子是我去年买的。注意 关系代词 that 和关系副词 why 不能引导非限制性定语从句。六、关系代词 as 和 which 引导的定语从句as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。1as 和 which 都可以在定语从句中作主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。He married her， as/which was natural.他娶了她，这是意料之中的。2as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放
15、在主句之后。另外，as 有“正如，正像”的意思。As is known to all，China is a developing country.众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。He is from the south，as we can see from his accent.他是从南方来的，我们从他的口音可以听出来。John，as you know，is a famous writer.正如你所知道的，约翰是一个有名的作家。He has been to Paris more than several times，which I dont believe.我不相信他已经去过巴黎好多次了。注意
16、 当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用 which。Tom was always late for school，which made his teacher angry.汤姆上学总是迟到，这让他的老师很生气。3当先行词由 such，the same 修饰时，常用 as。I have never heard such a story as he tells.我从来没有听过他讲的那样的故事。He is not such a fool as he looks.他并不像看上去那样傻。This is the same book as I lost last week.这和我上星期丢的那本书一样。4
17、以 the way 为先行词的定语从句，并且在从句中作状语时，通常由 in which，that 引导，而且通常可以省略。The way (in which/that) he answered the question was surprising.他回答问题的方式令人吃惊。.单句语法填空1Kate，whose sister I shared a room with when we were at college，has gone to work in Australia.(2018天津)2She and her family bicycle to work，which helps them
18、keep fit.(2018北京)3Selfdriving is an area where China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.(2018江苏)4Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both，which is not good for the health.(2017全国) 5But Sarah， who has taken part in shows along with top models，wants to prove that she
19、has brains as well as beauty.(2017全国)6Many young people，most of whom were welleducated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(2016江苏)7Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved.(2016浙江)8I live next door to a couple whose children o
20、ften make a lot of noise.(2016北京)9We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.(2016天津 )10Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC. ，influenced the development of chopsticks.(2016全国).单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误 )11T
21、hey also had a small pond 或 they raised fish.(2018全国，短文改错) in whichwhere12In their spare time，they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden， is on thatwhichthe rooftop of their house.(2017全国，短文改错)13Around me in the picture are the things were very important in my life at that theythat/w
22、hichtime.(2017全国，短文改错)14The dishes 或 what I cooked were Moms favorite.(2016四川，短文改错)whatwhich/that.用适当的关系词填空1What do you think of the holiday that/which we spent together last year?2He talked about a writer whose books are popular among young people.3The children，all of whom had played the whole day
23、long，were worn out.4That was the reason why the teacher criticized him yesterday.5China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more people want to learn about China.6English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of which uses it differently.7The museum will open in th
24、e spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform where visitors can watch the big glasshouses is now being built.8John has invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members.9He wrote a letter where he explained what had happened in the accident.10We live in an age when more in
25、formation is available with more ease than ever before.句型转换11Great changes have taken place in the town where they live.Great changes have taken place in the town in which they live.12Is that the proper way you spoke to your mother?Is that the proper way that you spoke to your mother?Is that the pro
26、per way in which you spoke to your mother?13We live in a house，whose windows face south.We live in a house，the windows of which /of which the windows face south.14He is such an honest person that we all like him.He is such an honest person as we all like.15Tell me the reason why you came late.Tell m
27、e the reason for which you came late.单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误 )16We have to make a decision about Mr King， story Ive just told you.whowhose17You can also make more Chinese friends， will tell you a lot about China and help you theywholearn Chinese.18There were a lot of students in the reading room，most of be
28、nt their heads down over themwhomtheir books.19We will be shown around some places visitors seldom go to.wherethat20His son ，to he had been devoted，returned from the USA to take care of him.whowhom基础巩固.单句语法填空1Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.2Op
29、posite is St.Pauls Church，where you can hear some lovely music.3It is a truly delightful place，which looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.4The number of smokers，as is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.5Creating an atmosphere
30、 in which/where employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.6I have three children，one daughter and two sons，all ofwhom graduated from the same university.7It is common to see people staring at their mobile phones instead of reading a real book，about which many experts are worried.8She showed t
31、he visitors around the museum，the construction of which had taken more than three years.9We have launched another manmade satellite，which is announced in todays newspaper.10The reason why/for which he lived far away from his parents hasnt been known to us.完成句子11Anyone who failed the exam(没有通过考试的) sh
32、ould be punished.12He is late for class again， as is often the case(这是常有的事)13He stood at the window，from where he could see what was happening(从那儿他能看见正在发生的事)14There are two thousand students in our school，two thirds of whom are girls(其中三分之二是女生)15The boy will never forget the day when he was left alo
33、ne at home(他一个人被留在家里) .语法填空(定语从句专练)Do you know the man 16.who/that wrote this book? He was Jason，one of the engineers 17.who/that came from Russia in the 1950s.He worked in the factory 18.where my father once worked.When he came to China，the first thing 19.that he did was to visit the factory 20.tha
34、t/which did research on trolleybuses and find out the reason 21.why China was so backward in them.Then he spent every minute 22.that he could spare helping China develop transportation.23.As is mentioned above，Jason was a foreigner 24.who/that made great contributions to our country and was a kind m
35、an to 25.whom we should say thanks.能力提升.阅读理解I have an interest in photography and follow many photography Instagram accounts.Just like me， a friend of mine has a similar interest.The only difference is that he is a traveller and has taken hundreds of beautiful photos.He is really talented.Having ret
36、urned from one trip，he shared some of his latest photos.Blown away by the images， I asked him why he hadnt started his own Instagram account of shots.“Its hard to start when there are already so many other websites devoted to travel photography with thousands of followers”，he explained.“What if I do
37、nt get any followers or what if people dont like my shots？”“Yet how will you ever know if you dont try？” I asked.He just shrugged and quickly changed the subject.I knew this feeling well.The feeling of selfdoubt.That was when I was ten years old.I participated in a guitar competition.My grandfather
38、helped me write a short speech to address the crowd and judges.But as the competition began，doubt consumed me and questions flooded my head.I thought to myself， “If I do say the speech，will the other girls laugh at me? Will the judges think Im being silly for doing my own talk？ ”Then with a shake in
39、 my voice I said， “My name is Heidi Ceci.I live in St.Catharines and I play the guitar.” Nothing more.and nothing less.But the next girl walked up to the microphone and actually said a speech.I just stared at her in complete disbelief.No one seemed to be judging her for doing something different.In
40、fact，they applauded louder for her than any other girl.From then on，I never let fear and doubt rule my decisions.Whatever happens，I always take chances and have a try.语 篇 解 读 本 文 告 诉 我 们 自 信 的 重 要 性 。26What stops the authors friend starting his Instagram account of shots?AHaving no time. BLacking mo
41、ney.CNo desire to share. DDoubt about himself.答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据第五段“He just shrugged and quickly changed the subject.I knew this feeling well.The feeling of selfdoubt.”可知，作者很了解他那种对自己怀疑的感觉。故选D。27Why did the author fail to say the prepared speech?AShe was not allowed to say.BShe was afraid of being laugh
42、ed at.CShe forgot the content of the speech.DShe thought the speech was not good enough.答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“I thought to myself， If I do say the speech，will the other girls laugh at me? Will the judges think Im being silly for doing my own talk？ ”可知，作者紧张，害怕被嘲笑，所以没说她爷爷为她准备的演讲稿。故选 B。28How did the aut
43、hor feel when she heard another girls selfintroduction?ASurprised. BAngry.CExcited. DCurious.答案 A解析 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“But the next girl walked up to the microphone and actually said a speech.I just stared at her in complete disbelief.”可知，作者只是完全不相信地盯着她看，由此可以推断出作者当时很惊讶。故选 A。29What lesson can we learn
44、from the text?ANo one is perfect.BIts no use regretting.CEveryone of us needs encouraging.DIt is important to be confident.答案 D解析 推理判断题。根据全文作者叙述的这两件事情，以及文章最后一段“From then on，I never let fear and doubt rule my decisions.Whatever happens，I always take chances and have a try.”可知，作者告诉我们自信的重要性。故选 D。.完形填空A
45、s a boy I was always small for my age.I was also five years younger than one of my brothers and seven years younger than the other. 30 ， I often felt left out when their friends came over to 31 .I was too 32 for whatever they were doing and they didnt want their younger brother listening in on their
46、 conversations either.More often than not I found myself outside playing 33 and feeling forgotten.I remember one spring afternoon feeling especially 34 as I sat in the yard behind our house.We lived miles from town and I 35 saw my own friends outside of school.I 36 my brothers laughing from 37 the h
47、ouse and felt a single tear coming down my cheek.At that moment I saw a large brown dog 38 me.He was wagging(摇摆)his tail 39 .He greeted me like a long lost 40 ，licking(舔) my hand and sitting beside me on the grass， 41 he didnt know me.I petted and 42 this fourlegged angle.He let me pour out all my t
48、roubles and 43 my deepest thoughts before he kissed me goodbye.I went back inside feeling happy， 44 that no matter what life might hold I was loved.I 45 that the dog was sent in that moment of 46 to remind me just how much I was loved.In truth，nothing brings us greater 47 than knowing we are loved.Knowing we are loved gives us the 48 to love others as well.It also helps us to be the people the world meant for us to be.Remember how much the word loves you and share your 49 with the world.语篇解读 文章讲述作者小时候因为是年龄最小的，经常感觉很孤单，被遗忘了，但是遇到一只狗之后，他感受到自己是被爱的。
