1、Period Two Introduction & Reading and SpeakingLanguage points.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共 10 小题；每题 1 分，满分 10 分)1linguist n 语言学家2accent n口音3motorway n 高速公路4underground n地铁5subway n 地铁6flashlight n手电筒；火把7omit vt.省略8steadily adv.不断地；持续地9satellite n卫星10flick n轻打；轻弹；抖动.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共 10 小题；每题 2 分，满分 20 分)11显然的；显而易见的
2、adj.obvious12令人困惑的 adj.confusing13介词 npreposition14比较 pare15种类 n. variety16不同，有区别 vi.differ17移民；定居者 nsettler18评论；讲话 nremark19开关 nswitch20结构；体系 nstructure.写出下列短语或短语对应的汉语意思(共 10 小题；每题 3 分，满分 30 分)21有相同的特点 have.in common22有影响，使不相同 make a difference23四处走动(旅行)get around24与相似 be similar to25做某事有困难 have di
3、fficulty (in) doing sth.26引起；导致 lead to 27compare.with.把和相比28turn on 打开29as well as 除之外；也；还30lead sb.to do sth.使得某人做某事.完成句子(共 5 小题；每题 8 分，满分 40 分)31Americans use a flashlight，while for the British，its a torch.美国人把手电筒称为 flashlight，而英国人则叫它 torch。32The other two areas in which the two varieties differ
4、are spelling and pronunciation.这两种英语在其他两个方面也有不同，即拼写和发音。33Since the 1980s，with satellite TV and the Internet，it has been possible to listen to British and American English at the flick of a switch.自从 20 世纪 80 年代以来，通过卫星电视和互联网，只需按一下开关就可能听到英式和美式英语。34This nonstop communication，the experts think，has made
5、it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other.专家们认为，这样不间断的交流使英国人和美国人彼此理解起来更加容易。35But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English，so that some people now believe that British English will disappear.但是这也致使大量美式单词和结构传入英式英语，所以现在有些人认为英式英语将会消失
6、。重点词汇We have really everything in common with America nowadays，except of course， language.现今我们真的与美国在每一件事情上都有共同之处，当然语言除外。?have.in common (with)(和) 有共同之处，(和) 有相同的特点have a lot/much/little/nothing in common with 和有许多/几乎没有/ 没有共同之处in common with sb./sth.与某人/某物一样(1)What surprised me most is that the twins
7、have nothing in common with each other.使我最为吃惊的是这对双胞胎毫无共同之处。(2)We two have so much in common that we can get along very well.我们俩有这么多的共同点，以至于能够很好地相处。(3)In common with most young people，he is fond of playing basketball.与大多数年轻人一样，他喜欢打篮球。The first and most obvious way is in the vocabulary.首先并且最明显的区别是在词汇方
8、面。?obvious adj.显然的，显而易见的Its obvious that.很明显obviously adv.显而易见地，明显地，显然(1)It is obvious that smart phones are well received by people nowadays.智能手机现在很受欢迎，这是显而易见的。(2)Obviously(obvious)，she didnt refer to you as her best friend.显然，她没有把你当作她的好朋友。句型转换(3)Obviously，the manager of the coffee shop was waiting
9、 for Li Fang to leave.It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave.or maybe you will prefer to get around the town by taxi British or cab American .或者你更愿意乘坐出租车 taxi 英式 或者 cab 美式 游览城市。?get around 四处走动( 旅行)； (消息、谣言等)传开，传播get across 使理解；传达；把讲清楚get along 进展；相处get a
10、way from 摆脱get down to 开始，着手get through 到达；完成；渡过(难关)；( 使)通过；( 打电话时)打通get over 克服；恢复(1)Soon the news that he was put into prison got around.很快，他入狱的消息就传开了。(2)I tried calling you several times，but I couldnt get through.我试着给你打了好几次电话，但是没有打通。(3)He has difficulty getting his ideas across to the people pres
11、ent at the meeting.他很难向出席会议的人讲清楚自己的观点。(4)If you can get over your present difficulties，then everything should be all right.如果你能克服目前的困难，一切都会顺利。(5)Its time that we should get down to some serious business.是时候我们干点正事了。Sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning，which can be confusing .有时，同一
12、个单词在意义上有细微的差别，这可能令人困惑。?confusing adj.令人困惑的；难懂的confuse vt.使困惑；混淆confuse.with.把与混淆confused adj.困惑的；混乱的be confused about 对迷惑不解confusion n疑惑；混乱in confusion 困惑地(1)She stepped down，looking confused.(2018天津)她走下来，看上去很困惑。(2)So much alike are you and your sister that I always confuse you with her.你与你妹妹长得太像了，我
13、总是把你和她弄混。(3)They confused me by asking so many confusing questions and I was standing there in confusion，not knowing what to do.(confuse)他们问了我许多难懂的问题，使我困惑不已。我困惑地站在那儿，不知道该干什么。单句改错(4)The expression on her face showed that she hadnt quite understood her confusingconfusedmanagers pare on the team，on the
14、 weekend American with in the team，at the weekend British .比较一下 on the team， on the weekend 美式 和 in the team，at the weekend 英式 。?compare vt.比较，对比compare.with.把和比较compare.to.把比作compared to/with 与相比(在句中作状语)compare notes with sb.与某人交换意见comparison n比较，对照(1)I compared my handwriting with hers and then re
15、alized that I needed to practice more.我把自己的书写与她的书写进行了对比，然后意识到我还需要多加练习。(2)It is said that Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.据说，莎士比亚把世界比作舞台。(3)Film has a much shorter history，especially when compared(compare) to such art forms as music and painting.电影的历史比较短，尤其是和音乐、绘画这样的艺术形式相比。(4)Comparing(comp
16、are) the two cultures will give you a better understanding of the differences between them.比较这两种文化会让你更加了解他们的不同之处。一句多译(5)把这个与那个进行比较，你会看到哪一个更好。Compare this one with that one，and you will see which one is better.(祈使句)Comparing this one with that one，you will see which one is better.(分词作状语)If you compar
17、e this one with that one，you will see which one is better.(状语从句)The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation.这两种英语的另外两个有区别的方面是拼写和发音。?differ vi.不同，有区别differ from 与 不同differ in sth.在某方面不同different adj.不同的，有区别的A be different from B in sth.在某方面 A 和 B 不同difference
18、n不同之处，区别make a difference (to sb./sth.)(对) 有影响；使不相同(1)As teachers，you must believe that you can make a difference to the lives of your students.作为教师，你们必须坚信你们能够影响你们的学生们的一生。(2)To be frank，studying for a degree in a different (differ) culture is never easy.(2018北京)坦白地说，在外国攻读学位绝不是一件容易的事。(3)Their tastes
19、differ from each other so they differ widely in their opinions.他们的口味不同，因此他们的观点极不相同。句型转换(4)British English and American English differ in many ways.British English differs from American English in many ways.British English is different from American English in many ways.There are differences between
20、British English and American English in many ways.The accent，which is most similar to British English，can be heard on the East Coast of the US.在美国东海岸能够听到与英国英语非常相似的口音。?be similar to 与相似，类似于 be similar in 在方面相似similarly adv .类似地，相似地，同样(1)I am amazed to find that Jacks interests are similar to mine.我惊讶
21、地发现杰克的兴趣和我的相似。(2)As a matter of fact，we are somewhat similar in taste.事实上，我们的口味有点相似。 单句改错(3)I am wrong. ，you are to blame.SimilarSimilarlyWhen the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language，he was obviously
22、thinking about the differences.当爱尔兰作家乔治萧伯纳讲“英国和美国是被同一种语言分开的两个国家”那句名言的时候，他显然想到了它们的区别。?remark n评论；讲话 v评论；谈论；说起make a remark on 就发表意见remark on/upon 对进行评论；谈到remark that.评论/说remarkable adj.显著的；引人注目的；卓越的(1)The teacher remarked that the article written by my deskmate was well written.老师评论说，我的同桌写的那篇文章写得很好。(
23、2)It would be rude to remark on/upon her looks.对她评头论足是不礼貌的。一句多译(3)不要评论别人的私事。Don t remark on/upon others private affairs.(remark v)Dont make remarks/a remark on others private affairs.(remark n)A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.伦敦人要听懂
24、来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人讲话比听懂纽约人讲话更难。?have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难have difficulty with sth.在方面有困难( 后常接名词)have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难have a hard time (in) doing sth.做某事有困难have problems (in) doing sth.做某事有困难(1)As she grew older，she had more difficulty( in) keeping focused.随着年龄的增长，她更难集中精力。(2)So litt
25、le education did he have that he had trouble (in) finding a job.他接受的教育太少，以至于他很难找到工作。(3)Whenever we have trouble with our studies，our teachers always help us patiently.每当我们在学习上有困难时，我们的老师总是耐心地帮助我们。单句改错(4)The the kids had climbing the mountain was unbelievable.difficultiesdifficultyBut it has also led
26、to lots of American words and structures passing into British English.但是这也致使大量美式单词和结构传入英式英语?lead to 引起；导致；通往 (to 为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词)lead.to.引导到lead sb.to do sth.促使某人做某事(1)Too much work and too little rest often leads to illness.过量的工作和过少的休息经常引起疾病。(2)What do you think led Tom to think(think) so?你认为是什么使得汤
27、姆这样认为？(3)The new evidence led to the thief being caught(catch) in the end.新证据最终使得小偷被抓。(4)The road leading(lead) to the city center is always busy.通往市中心的路总是很繁忙。经典句式Since the 1980s，with satellite TV and the Internet，it has been possible to listen to British and American English at the flick of a switc
28、h.自 20 世纪 80 年代以来，随着卫星电视和因特网的使用，按一下开关就能听到英式英语和美式英语。在此句式中 it 为形式主语，to listen to.不定式短语为真正的主语。it 作形式主语时的常用句型：it谓语形容词/名词/ 分词to do/doing/that 从句。(1)It took him a long time to acquire the skills he needed to become a good dancer.(2018天津)他花了很长时间才获得成为一名优秀的舞蹈家所需要的技能。(2)It is no use reciting(recite) the key p
29、oints without understanding them.背诵这些要点而不理解是没用的。(3)Its strange that he should have taken the books without the owners permission.(2018江苏)很奇怪，他竟然未经主人的同意就拿走了那些书。单句改错(4)It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.whichthatThis nonstop communication，the experts think，has made
30、 it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other.专家们认为，这种不间断的交流使英国人和美国人彼此理解起来更加容易。句中画线部分是“make宾语宾补”结构的一种特殊形式，其中 it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语为宾补后的不定式短语。当宾语较长，且宾语后有补语时，常用 it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放到补语后面。当不定式短语或从句等作宾语时，多用 it 作形式宾语，构成的句型主要有：makeitadj./n.(for sb.) to do sth.makeitadj./n.that 从句常用于这种句型的动词还有：
31、think，consider，find，feel 等。(1)To make it easier to get in touch with us，youd better keep this card at hand.为了更容易地和我们保持联系，你最好把这张卡片放在手边。(2)We thought it no use explaining to him what happened here because he didnt care.我们认为向他解释这里发生了什么是没用的，因为他并不关心。(3)The two girls are so alike that strangers find it di
32、fficult to tell(tell) one from the other.这两个女孩如此相像以至于陌生人很难把她们区分开。单句改错(4)We thought wrong that the child was left alone in the house.thatit句式升级(5)Susan told me clearly that she wished to make a new life for herself.(用 it 作形式宾语)Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.(
33、6)I think reading in bed is no good，which does great harm to your eyes.(用 it 作形式宾语)I think it no good reading in bed，which does great harm to your eyes.单句语法填空1Recently a survey comparing(compare) prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.2As a mat
34、ter of fact，it is no good cheating(cheat) in the exams.3There is a very long，winding path leading(lead) to the house.4Each of us can make a difference in protecting the endangered species from extinction.5She makes it a rule that her children wash their hands before having meals.6Students have to ov
35、ercome plenty of difficulties and fears to gain remarkable(remark) achievements in their academic performance.7To my amazement，his opinion is similar to mine in many aspects.8You just cant imagine the difficulty we had working (work) out the problem.选词填空have no difficulty in， be similar to， get arou
36、nd， lead to， remark on9The news shocked the public，leading to great concern about students safety at school.10With this map helping us，we had no difficulty in finding his house last Saturday.11Some people are more attracted to those who are similar to them.12In the crowded city，cycling is the best w
37、ay to get around as it needs little parking space.13It is rude to remark on others behind their back.基础巩固.单词拼写1He speaks English with a strong Irish accent.2The station was crowded with people.We had to queue up for an hour for the tickets.3There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from.4Ideas o
38、n childcare may differ considerably between the parents.5We carefully compared (比较) the first report with the second yesterday.6The instructions are so confusing(令人困惑的) that I have done it all wrong.7He remarked (谈论) on the differences in security measures at the two airports.选词填空have much in common
39、， make a difference， differ from， compare.with.， confuse.with.8People differ from one another in their ability to handle stress.9Teachers often confuse me with my twin sister.10The police compared the suspects fingerprints with those found at the crime scene.11People from Shanghai can easily underst
40、and Suzhou dialect，for Shanghai dialect and Suzhou dialect have much in common. 12It could make a difference between missing your train and getting to work on time.单句语法填空13To avoid confusion(confuse)，the teams wore different colours.14Compared to/with that one，this one is better in quality.15It is o
41、bvious that China can make a difference in the world today and tomorrow.16A variety(vary) of goods for daily use are available in the shopping mall.17Generally speaking，friends have much in common with each other.18You cant imagine the difficulty he had climbing(climb) onto the cliff to save the boy
42、 in trouble.19It has got around that the famous star will get married for the third time.20He didnt work hard all the term.Obviously(obvious)，he cant pass the exam.21We struggle to make a difference，to change the world，to dream of hope.完成句子22He likes playing basketball，while I like listening to musi
43、c.他喜欢打篮球，而我喜欢听音乐。23No matter where/Wherever he travels ，he misses his homeland.无论他到哪里旅行，他都很想念他的祖国。24It is possible for him to pass the exam this time.他这次有可能通过考试。25The heavy fog made it difficult for him to see the road clearly.大雾使他很难看清道路。26Ill give you all the facts so that you can judge for yoursel
44、f.我会把所有事实都告诉你，以便你能自己做出判断。能力提升.阅读理解 Not many women have won the Nobel Peace Prize.Until 2004，no African woman ever had.That was when Dr.Wangari Maathai won itfor planting trees.You might ask，what do trees have to do with peace? “Many wars are fought over resources(资源) ， ” Dr.Maathai said as she accep
45、ted the prize.“If we conserve resources better，the fighting will stop. ”Dr.Maathai was born in Kenya in 1940.Unlike most African women，she went to school.High school woke up a hunger in her for more knowledge.She went to college in Kansas and earned a masters degree in science from the University of
46、 Pittsburgh.She became the first Kenyan woman ever to earn a Ph.D.Later，Dr.Maathai taught animal science at Kenyas University of Nairobi.As an educated woman，Dr.Maathai feels responsible for leading others.Dr.Maathai started her work in 1977 by planting nine trees in her backyard in Kenya.Trees are
47、important in Africa for several reasons.First，they keep soil from eroding(流失) into streams，thus cutting down on pollution and improving the soil.Second，trees provide firewood.So many trees have been cut down in Africa that women must walk far from home to find wood for cooking.New trees can also kee
48、p deserts from spreading.Dr.Maathais Green Belt Movement pays local women for every tree they plant that is still alive three months later.In its first 15 years，the Green Belt Movement employed at least 50,000 women and planted more than 10 million trees.Following Dr.Maathais example，the Kenyan government increased its own treeplanting efforts.The movement has spread to 30 countries in Africa.When the land and peoples lives have improved，Dr.Maathai says，peace will follow.语 篇 解 读 文 章 主 要 介 绍 了 诺 贝 尔 和 平 奖 获 得
