1、Unit 4 Cyberspace,-2-,高频词汇,难点句型,1.likely adj.有可能的,有希望的 adv.或许;可能 unlikely adj.不可能的 高考佳句 Its more likely that none of us start a conversation because its awkward and challenging,or we think its annoying and unnecessary. 更有可能的是,我们没有人开始谈话,因为它很尴尬,具有挑战性,或者我们认为其很烦人且没必要的。(2018全国卷,阅读理解D篇) Its likely that.有可
2、能 Sb/Sth is likely to do sth某人/某物有可能做某事 not likely不可能,-3-,高频词汇,难点句型,词义精辨 (1)三个词均可用于Its likely/possible/probable that.结构。 (2)只有likely可以用人做主语。 (3)likely和 possible后可接不定式,而probable不与不定式连用。 (4)三个词均表示“可能的”,但likely和probable所表示的可能性大,possible表示的可能性小。 单句语法填空 A great decline in young work force is likely _ (oc
3、cur) in China,for instance.(2017江苏卷,任务型阅读) While is likely that he understood very little of the books,they were his introduction to classical paintings.(2017浙江卷,阅读理解A篇),to occur,it,-4-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句改错 If you work out bright and early in the morning,you will be more possible to stick to healthy food
4、choices throughout the day.(2018全国卷,七选五)写作升级 If you find something you love doing outside of the office,youll be less likely to bring your work home.(2016全国卷,语法填空) 满分表达 If you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll bring your work home.,possiblelikely,its less likely that,-5-,高频词
5、汇,难点句型,2.focus vi.集中注意 vt.集中于 n.中心点;焦点 高考佳句 You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.你将会想继续关注积极的选择。(2018全国卷,七选五) focus on/upon sth/sb集中注意力于某物/某人 focus ones attention/eyes on注意力/眼神集中于 focus on集中(光束)于,聚集于 come into focus轮廓明显,清晰;(问题)突出 bring.into focus使集中在焦点上;使清楚起来,使明朗化,-6-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法
6、填空 Today,many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than (focus) on Chinese traditions.(2018全国卷,阅读理解C篇) We were respectful of craft (技艺) and focused digging into the characters we were going to play.(2017全国卷,阅读理解B篇) Anxious all the time,I was unable to keep (focus) for more
7、than an hour at a time.(2016北京卷,阅读理解A篇) Theres a new frontier in 3D printing thats beginning to come focus: food.(2018天津卷,阅读理解C篇),focusing,on,focused,into,-7-,高频词汇,难点句型,3.affect vt.影响;侵袭,感染;(感情上)深深打动,使悲伤 affection n.喜爱,钟爱 affected adj.受影响的,受(疾病)侵袭的 高考佳句 From the experience I learned a lot about how
8、the attitude of the leader can affect the members of a team.从这次经历中,我明白了领导者的态度会影响队员。 (2018天津卷,完形填空) affect sb/sth影响某物/某人 be affected by被打动/感动,受到影响,-8-,高频词汇,难点句型,用affect的恰当形式填空 When I was 50,my weight problem began me seriously.(2017天津卷,完形填空) On the 20th of that month,Dr.Welch examined a sick boy,Bill
9、y,and knew he had diphtheria,a deadly infectious (传染的) disease mainly children.(2016北京卷,完形填空) To my mother,the poem revealed a parents when her child grows up and leaves.(2016上海卷,阅读理解A篇),to affect,affecting,affection,-9-,高频词汇,难点句型,写作升级 This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby b
10、irds,and can lead to kidney(肾) failure and death.(2016北京卷,阅读理解C篇) 满分表达 This their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds,and can lead to kidney(肾) failure and death.,has an effect on,-10-,高频词汇,难点句型,4.attack vt.进攻,攻击;侵袭 n.攻击;(病)发作 高考佳句 Then it attacked the back of Macs bike,tearing open hi
11、s tent bag.接着他攻击了Mac的自行车后部,把他的帐篷袋撕开了。(2017浙江卷,读后续写) attack sth/sb with sth用攻击某物/人 be attacked for因而受到攻击/抨击 under attack受到攻击 make an attack on/upon向发动攻击 a personal attack人身攻击 a heart attack心脏病突发,-11-,高频词汇,难点句型,完成句子 In fact,women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from . 实际上,女子不太可能患
12、高血压或者死于心脏病突发。(2016四川卷,七选五) 单句语法填空 When an individual ant comes attack or is dying,it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the colony to prepare for a conflict as a defense unit. 写作升级 When a leafy plant is attacked,it doesnt sit quietly. 满分表达 When a leafy plant is ,it doesnt sit quietly.(2017全国卷,阅读理解
13、D篇),heart attacks,under,under attack,-12-,高频词汇,难点句型,5.offer n.& vt.提供,提议 offering n.供品,祭品 高考佳句 For the trainees,the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges(荣誉徽章).对于受训者,这些项目也提供获取荣誉徽章的好方式。 (2018北京卷,阅读理解B篇) offer sb sth=offer sth to sb给某人提供某物 offer to do sth主动提出做某事 offer some money for sth
14、主动出钱买某物 offer sth for some money要钱卖某物 make an offer提出建议 accept ones offer接受某人的建议,-13-,高频词汇,难点句型,词义精辨 (1)offer侧重表示“愿意给予”,常用于offer sb sth或offer sth to sb结构中,后不能接宾语从句。 (2)provide指有远见地为应付紧急情况等做好充分准备而“供给”,可用于provide sb with sth或 provide sth for sb结构中。 (3)supply通常指定期“供应”,强调替代或补充所需物品,常用于supply sb with sth或
15、supply sth to sb结构中。,-14-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 A Toronto man (ofter) a free round-the-world air ticket the right woman.(2017全国卷,阅读理解D篇) The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street,which (offer) several concerts from March through June.(2016全国卷,阅读理解A篇) If a neighbor is going to be out of town
16、,offer collect mail and newspapers.(2018浙江卷,七选五) 单句改错 Hannahs Place is divided into several areas,offering shelter for people when it is so cold that sleeping outdoors can mean death.(2017北京卷,完形填空),is offering,to,offers,to,offeringproviding/forto,-15-,高频词汇,难点句型,6.obvious adj.明显的,显而易见的 高考佳句 The obvio
17、us one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be affordable but doing this most days adds up.显而易见的是钱; 每周外出吃一两次可能是可以承受的,但是多数天都这样做花费就多了。 (2018浙江卷,语法填空) be obvious to sb对某人来说是显而易见的 its obvious that. 是显而易见的,-16-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 One solution is (obvious) to import foreign workers via immigration.
18、(2017江苏卷,任务型阅读) Soon was obvious that I was going to be late,as I had mistakenly boarded a bus that was taking me in the opposite direction. 写作升级 Obviously,that was something she should not go through alone. 满分表达 that was something she should not go through alone.,obviously,it,It was obvious that,-1
19、7-,高频词汇,难点句型,7.fancy vt.想要做;幻想 n.想象,设想,喜欢,爱好 adj.想象的,新奇的,精致的 高考佳句Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires,Asias biggest building,and fancy new hotels.成都有很多新的百万富翁、亚洲最大的建筑及精美的新旅馆。(2016全国卷,语法填空) fancy (ones)doing sth想/喜欢(某人)做某事 (如用于祈使句时,表示惊奇、不相信或震惊等。) fancy that.想象 fancy sb/sth(to be/as)sth认为某人/物是 take a
20、 fancy to喜欢上,-18-,高频词汇,难点句型,完成句子 Surely as a woman she has simply the place. 当然,作为一名女子,她只是喜欢上了那个地方。 As soon as someone spotted the boat,everyone would do last-minute tidying and change into . 一有人发现了检查员的船只,每个人就都会在最后时刻把一切整理好,并换好漂亮的衣服。 写作升级 Many people like walking or riding bikes instead of driving th
21、eir cars. 满分表达 Many people or riding bikes instead of driving their cars.,taken a fancy to,fancy clothes,fancy walking,-19-,高频词汇,难点句型,8.settle vt.使定居,安顿;使平静,镇定;安排,处理,解决 vi.定居;安定;平静下来 settler n.定居者 settlement n.定居,安顿,居留地,解决,协议 高考佳句 People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and nat
22、urally suited to communications and trade.人们在这些地方定居下来,因为它们很容易到达,且自然地适合通信和贸易。(2018全国卷,阅读理解B篇) (1)settle back使处于舒适的位置 settle down定居下来;舒适地坐下 settle in 安顿下来;习惯于(新居);适应(新工作) settle up (the bill)付清(账单) settle down to (doing) sth开始认真对待某事,-20-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 Mr and Mrs Brown would like to see their daught
23、er settle ,get married,and have kids.(2017天津卷,单项填空) Soon afterwards,many of those people started settling_ to become farmers,and their languages too became _ (settle) and fewer in number.(2018全国卷,阅读理解C篇) Then in 1565,a Spanish conquer established a (settle) there and named it St.Augustine.(2018上海卷,听
24、力) Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution,the company eventually settled Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.(2017全国卷,阅读理解A篇),down,down,more settled,settlement,in,-21-,高频词汇,难点句型,9.suggest vt.建议;暗示,表明 高考佳句 So far there is no effective way to get rid of it,but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the
25、 stomachs of some hungry worms.到目前为止,还没有有效的方法来摆脱它,但一项新的研究表明答案可能在于一些饥饿的蠕虫的胃。(2018北京卷,阅读理解C篇) (1)suggest doing sth建议做某事 suggest sb/sbs doing sth建议某人做某事 suggest that.(从句用should do,should可以省略)建议应该 suggest that.(从句用真实语气)表明 (2)suggestion n.建议(可数名词) make/offer a suggestion提议,建议,-22-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 Some c
26、lassmates suggest we (go) to places of interest nearby.(2016全国卷,短文改错) As for crowds,a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurants reputation, (suggest) great food at fair prices.(2018江苏卷,阅读理解B篇) Yet there is evidence (suggest) that the trend is growing.(2016全国卷,阅读理解B篇) 单句改错 The teacher t
27、old Gabriel that he had a good ear and suggested that Gabriel goes into the music store-room.(2017江苏卷,完形填空),(should) go,suggesting,suggesting,goesgo,-23-,高频词汇,难点句型,10.view n.视力,视野;风景,景色;看法,想法,观点 v.考虑;认为;查看 viewer n.观看者;观察者;观众 高考佳句 Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments i
28、n Washington,D.C.加入一个有导游的自行车旅行并观看一些华盛顿最受欢迎的纪念碑。(2018全国卷,阅读理解A篇),-24-,高频词汇,难点句型,come into view看得见,出现 in view在视野中;在考虑中 view on/about.有关的意见(看法) hold different views持不同的观点 in ones view在某人看来 in view of鉴于,由于 from the point of view根据,-25-,高频词汇,难点句型,词义精辨 (1)view指从远处、高处看到的景象,常用以指从某处能看到的风景。 (2)scenery指某地方总的自然
29、景观。 (3)scene指展现在眼前的景象,强调具体的、局部的或一时的景色,可以是自然形成的,也可以是人工造成的,是scenery的一部分;另外可指现场。 (4)sight指值得看的东西,某地特有的名胜古迹、景点等。,-26-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 Located on Floridas Atlantic coast,it is home to many fine examples of European architecture and wild scenic _ (view).(2018上海卷,听力) his Modernist view,beauty lies in simp
30、licity and elegance.(2016上海卷,语法和词汇) Theory Y is the view everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.(2016上海卷,阅读理解A篇) Viewing childhood development a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn.(2016浙江卷,阅读理解C篇),views,In,that,as,-27-,高频词汇,难点句型,11.average n.平均数(可数);一般水平(不可数
31、) adj.平均的,一般的 vt.平均为 高考佳句 The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007.电子设备的平均数量从1992年的每户4个增加到2007年的13个。(2018全国卷,阅读理解D篇) above/below average在平均水平以上/下 an average of平均有(后跟数词) on average平均起来,一般说来 average out平均为,-28-,高频词汇,难点句型,完成句子 Freddy was ,but not . 弗雷迪
32、是一个普通的学生,但他不是一个普通的人。(2017全国卷,完形填空) In 1900,people died 30. 1900年,人们死亡平均年龄是30岁。(2017江苏卷,任务型阅读) The common cold is a good example: women, ,get fewer colds than men. 常见的感冒就是一个很好的例子:平均起来,女子比男子患感冒更少。(2016四川卷,七选五),an average student,an average person,at the average age of,on average,-29-,高频词汇,难点句型,写作升级 Th
33、e water in the lake is not deep.Its about 8 metres on average. 满分表达 The water in the lake is not deep, about 8 metres.,averaging,-30-,高频词汇,难点句型,e true (愿望、梦想等)实现,变成现实 高考佳句 I sincerely hope your dream will come true and its my pleasure to show you around in Beijing when that day comes.我真诚地希望你将梦想成真,你到
34、北京时我很高兴带你四处看看。(2018北京卷,书面表达) 词义精辨 (1)realise是及物动词,意为“实现”,常用于sb realise(s) sth结构;它也有“意识到”的意思。 (2)come true是不及物动词短语,通常用表示理想、愿望等的名词做句子的主语,不能用于被动语态。,-31-,高频词汇,难点句型,用realise或come true的恰当形式填空 But Sophia knew just how important Make-A-Wish could be because this special organization had helped to make a dre
35、amfor one of her best friends. He finally his lifelong ambition to learn how to play the violin. In fact,although fat people consume more energy than slim people,they also fail how much they eat!,come true,realised,to realise,-32-,高频词汇,难点句型,13.as if=as though 好像,仿佛 高考佳句 When fat and salt are removed
36、 from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something. 当从食物中除去脂肪和盐,食物的味道就好像缺少了什么。(2017全国卷,语法填空) as if/though后面的从句有时用虚拟语气,有时用真实语气,应视其表示的情况而定。用虚拟语气时,表示对现在情况的虚拟,从句动词常用过去式,如果表示对过去情况的虚拟,从句常用过去完成时。,-33-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she (be) their
37、 own mother.(2016上海卷,语法与词汇) The inspection continued as though nothing _ (happen). 单句改错 Weve lit up the night as if it is an unoccupied country.,were,had happened,iswere,-34-,高频词汇,难点句型,14.be up to多达;比得上;能胜任;从事于;由决定;(时间)直到;达到(程度) 经典例句 The exercises in this chapter can guide you,but it will be up to y
38、ou to do the actual work.这一章的练习能给你指导,但实际的工作还得靠你自己完成。 Its up to you.由你来决定。 add up to加起来达到,-35-,高频词汇,难点句型,完成句子 California condors are North Americas largest birds,with wing-length of . 加利福尼亚秃鹫是北美最大的鸟,双翅展开长达三米。(2016北京卷,阅读理解C篇) John was dismissed because he his work. 约翰被解雇了,因为他不能胜任自己的工作。,up to three met
39、res,wasnt up to,-36-,高频词汇,难点句型,15.be known as以著称,作为出名;被认为是 高考佳句 What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds,VOCs for short. 植物通过空气泵送被认为是挥发性有机化合物的混合物,简称为VOC。(2017全国卷,阅读理解D篇) be/become known to为所熟悉;为所知 be/become known for因而出名 be/become known in在某处
40、出名 Its known to us that.众所周知 As is known to us all.众所周知,-37-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 is known to all,fruits and vegetables are good for our health. I asked around and found out that my mum was very well knownthe area.(2016上海卷,语法与词汇) Unlike authoritarian management,some cultures,particularly in Asia,are wel
41、l known the consultative nature of decision-making.(2016上海卷,阅读理解),As,in,for,-38-,高频词汇,难点句型,1.It is clear that we are going to see a huge growth in shopping on the Internet.(Page 8)很显然,我们将会看到网上购物的巨大增长。 Its clear that.句型 (1)Its clear that/who/what.“很明显”,该句式中it为形式主语,后面that/who/what引导主语从句。 (2)该结构可表达为:Cl
42、early,. (3)类似结构还有:Its obvious/apparent/evident that.,-39-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 It is not yet clear would administer the scheme.(2016上海卷,阅读理解) Its clear he respects those old people. 写作升级 Its clear that peoples lifestyles now have changed a lot. 满分表达 peoples lifestyles now have changed a lot.,who,that,Cl
43、early/Obviously/Apparently,-40-,高频词汇,难点句型,2.She also believes that,in the future,we will get entertainment from the Net and that television will probably disappear.(Page 8)她还确信,我们将来可以在网上进行娱乐活动,而且那时电视将很可能不复存在。 宾语从句中不可以省略引导词that的句型 (1)在句中如果出现两个并列的宾语从句,它们都是由that引导时,后一个引导词that不可省略。 (2)在复合宾语中,如果用it做形式宾语,
44、将that引导的宾语从句放在宾语补足语后面,则that不可省略。,-41-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 Some language experts believe 10,000 years ago,when the world had just five to ten million people,they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.(2018全国卷,阅读理解C篇) In his introduction,he made it clear our credits would be hard-earned.(2018全国卷,完形
45、填空) 单句改错 I realize that Im in charge and everybody accepts my leadership.My grandmother makes it a rule she reads newspapers every evening before bed.,that,that,everybody前加that,she前加that,-42-,高频词汇,难点句型,3.I see people living and working in a virtual world.(Page 8)我看到人们正生活和工作在一个虚拟世界。 see sb doing sth句
46、型 see sb doing sth“看到某人在做某事”,此处living and working为people的补足语。注意比较see sb/sth do sth和see sb/sth doing sth之间的不同用法:see sb/sth do sth说明“看到某人/某物做过某事”,而see sb/sth doing sth则强调说明“看到某人/某物正在做某事”,突出动作的进行性。另外,感官动词hear,watch,observe,notice等有着和see相同的用法。,-43-,高频词汇,难点句型,单句语法填空 I just want to see the ticket (go) to
47、good use and for someone to experience a lot of joy.(2017全国卷,完形填空) Hearing her (cough) bitterly one night,I decided to pull her from it all.(2016天津卷,完形填空) As I approached mile 23,I could see my wife _ (wave) a sign.(2018北京卷,阅读理解A篇) 单句改错 Thursday sees us to make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park,staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks.(2018全国卷,阅读理解A篇),
