1、Unit 2 Heroes,-2-,高频单词,难点句型,1.calm adj.镇静的,沉着的 v.使安静,使镇静 高考佳句 So,do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better,calmer,healthier?所以,我们跳舞是为了让我们自己感觉更好、更加镇静、更加健康吗?(2018全国卷,七选五) keep/stay/remain calm保持冷静 calm sb down 使某人安静下来 calm down安静下来 calm oneself (down)使自己镇静下来 词义精辨 (1)calm“平静的,沉着的”,指无风浪或人的心情不激动
2、。 (2)quiet“宁静的,安静的”,指没有声音,不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、焦虑。也指人“文静的,少语的”。 (3)still“静止的,不动的”,指没有运动或动作的状态。 (4)silent“(人)沉默的,不作声的,未说出的;(物)寂静无声的”。,-3-,高频单词,难点句型,单句语法填空 I placed the chick in the nest,and it quickly calmed .(2017全国卷,阅读理解B篇) Taylors swift action helped her teammates (calm) down.(2017北京卷,阅读理解A篇) 选用quiet,still或
3、silent的适当形式填空 When a leafy plant is under attack,it doesnt sit .(2017全国卷,阅读理解D篇) They told her to stay until the emergency personnel arrived.(2016全国卷,完形填空) I tried so hard to get some information about the result of the game out of his mouth,but he remained .,down,(to) calm,quietly,still,silent,-4-,
4、高频单词,难点句型,2.character n.品格;特性;(小说、戏剧中的)人物,角色;性格;(汉)字,字体 characteristic n.特征,特性,特色 adj.特有的,典型的,表示特性的 高考佳句 Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait,and is usually advised to reduce it.动怒很难被视为是一种有益的性格特征,减少这种行为总不失一种明智之举。(2018北京卷,七选五) be different in character有着不同的特性 a leading characte
5、r主角 out of character不符合某人的性格,和不相称,-5-,高频单词,难点句型,用character的恰当形式填空 We were respectful of craft and focused on digging into the we were going to play.(2017全国卷,阅读理解B篇) Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers bodies develop adult ,but also make it hard for teenagers to
6、fall asleep before 11 pm.(2017浙江卷,阅读理解B篇) Truly elegant chopsticks might be made of gold and silver with Chinese .(2016全国卷,语法填空),characters,characteristics,characters,-6-,高频单词,难点句型,3.found vt.建立,创立 foundation n.基础;建立;根据 高考佳句 One of the most famous theatres in Georgia,the Marjanishvili,founded in 192
7、8,appears regularly at theatre festivals all over the world.格鲁吉亚最著名的剧院之一Marjanishvili建立于1928年,经常出现在世界各地的戏剧节上。(2017全国卷,阅读理解A篇) found a city/club/company建起城市/俱乐部/公司 found sth on基于,把某物建立在上 lay a foundation of打下(的)基础 without foundation无事实依据 shake/rock the foundations of从根本上动摇,-7-,高频单词,难点句型,用found的恰当形式填空
8、 In the years after its ,the city of St.Augustine was attacked by the French and English.(2018上海卷,听力) in Moscow after the 1905 revolution,the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.(2017全国卷,阅读理解A篇) CHRONOLOGICA is a fascinating journey through time,from the of Rome to the creation
9、of the Internet.,founding/foundation,Founded,foundation,-8-,高频单词,难点句型,写作升级 The market,which was founded in 1979,sets up its tents every Saturday from 7 am to 1 pm,rain or shine,along North Lemon and State streets. 满分表达 The market, in 1979,sets up its tents every Saturday from 7 am to 1 pm,rain or sh
10、ine,along North Lemon and State streets.,founded,-9-,高频单词,难点句型,4.equal adj.平等的,均等的;相同的;能胜任的 vt.比得上,敌得过 n.对手,同辈,匹敌 equality n.平等 equally adv.平等地,均等地 unequal adj.不平等的 高考佳句It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers,he says.他说,这将使完全无人驾驶的汽车与人类司机平等合法。(2017天津卷,阅读理解C篇) be e
11、qual in在某方面相等 be equal to与相等;胜任 A equals B in.A在方面比得上B,-10-,高频单词,难点句型,用equal的恰当形式填空 I cant buy this coat,because its sleeves are in length. An important quality is tolerance. 写作升级 As with losing weight,working out is as important,if its not more important than going on a diet. 满分表达 As with losing we
12、ight,working out is ,if its not more important than going on a diet.,unequal,equally,equally important,-11-,高频单词,难点句型,5.struggle n.斗争,拼搏 vt.搏斗,斗争;努力;挣扎 高考佳句 Moth,meanwhile,after an initial struggle,found his symptoms were strangely reduced by their daily tiring journey. 同时,在初步努力之后,通过每天辛苦地徒步旅行,Moth发现
13、他的病症不可思议地减轻了。(2018江苏卷,完形填空) struggle to do sth努力去做某事 struggle with/against和做斗争 struggle for为而努力/奋斗 struggle to ones feet挣扎着站起来,-12-,高频单词,难点句型,单句语法填空 Weve all been there: in a lift,in line at the bank or on an airplane,surrounded by people who are,like us,deeply focused on their smartphones or,worse,
14、 (struggle) with the uncomfortable silence.(2018全国卷,阅读理解D篇),struggling,-13-,高频单词,难点句型,完成句子 We found that in 30mph zones they at a constant speed. 我们发现,在每小时30米的区域,他们努力保持恒定的速度。(2017全国卷,阅读理解D篇) Why do Americans watching their weight,while the French,who consume rich food,continue to stay thin? 为什么美国人努力
15、和他们的体重作斗争,而消耗大量食物的法国人却一直很苗条? 写作升级 She tried to stand up and set off after him. 满分表达 She and set off after him.,struggled to keep,struggle with/against,struggled to her feet,-14-,高频单词,难点句型,pete vi.比赛,竞争 competition n.竞争 competitor n.竞争者 competitive adj.有竞争意识的,富有竞争力的 高考佳句Competition from investors,dev
16、elopers,and established large farmers makes owning ones own land unattainable for many new farmers.来自投资者、开发商和已建立的大农户的竞争使得许多新农民无法拥有自己的土地。(2018江苏卷,阅读理解C篇) (1)compete (with sb) for sth为某物(与某人) 竞争 compete in参加 (2)in competition with和竞争,-15-,高频单词,难点句型,用compete的恰当形式填空 Bradford said that large modern theat
17、ers in the city made it impossible for the Plaza .(2017全国卷,阅读理解B篇) With your skills improving,its time that you had_ with your teammates,which excites you most.(2017全国卷,书面表达) Working in such a industry,Ive sometimes thought,“ I cant do this any more.” (2017天津卷,阅读表达),to compete,competitions,competiti
18、ve,-16-,高频单词,难点句型,写作升级 Universities are very competitive for the best students,and they are often competing with each other. 满分表达 Universities are very competitive for the best students,and they are often each other.,in competition with,-17-,高频单词,难点句型,7.promote v.促进;提升,升迁;促销 promotion n.提拔,促进 高考佳句 T
19、hey could help promote other industries whether they lie inside or outside arts.无论是在艺术内部还是外部,他们都可以帮助促进其他行业。(2018江苏卷,任务型阅读) (1)promote a product 促销一种产品 promote.to.把提升到 promote friendship增进友谊 (2)get/win promotion获得晋级,-18-,高频单词,难点句型,用promote的恰当形式填空 More expressways will be built in Sichuan soon _ the l
20、ocal economy. She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and education and services for people in need.(2016全国卷,阅读理解A篇) 单句改错 Through hard work,Rose eventually was promoted for a manager.,to promote,promoting,foras/to,-19-,高频单词,难点句型,8.injury n.损害,伤害 injure v.受伤 高考佳句You should stret
21、ch at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.每次跑步你应该伸展至少10分钟以免受伤。 (1)do an injury to 伤害,危害,对有害 do sb an injury=do an injury to sb伤害某人 (2)be badly/seriously injured严重受伤 the injured伤者,-20-,高频单词,难点句型,词义精析 (1)hurt可指肉体上的轻伤,也可指感情上的挫伤。 (2)wound常指在打斗中由外来暴力造成的刀伤、枪伤,程度较重。 (3)injure指损害健康、成就、容貌等,
22、强调功能的损失。也多指意外事故对肉体、健康造成的伤害。 (4)harm多指对人的肉体或精神上带来的伤害。 用injure的恰当形式填空 These chemicals come from the parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.(2017全国卷,阅读理解D篇) A month before my first marathon,one of my ankles_ and this meant not running for two weeks,leaving me only two weeks to train.(2018北京卷,阅读理解A篇
23、),injured,was injured,-21-,高频单词,难点句型,单句改错 As long as one doesnt come to rely on it,wishing for a few good things to happen never injures anybody.(2017天津卷,阅读理解D篇),injureshurts,-22-,高频单词,难点句型,mit v.犯(错误或罪);做(坏事) commitment n.承诺,承担的义务,诺言 高考佳句 But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument,a
24、nd was committed to practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well. 但是他很快就发现他喜欢玩这种乐器,并且致力于练习它,以至于在几个月之内,他就演奏得很好了。(2017江苏卷,完形填空) (1)commit murder/suicide 谋杀/自杀 commit an error做错事 commit crime犯罪 commit oneself to(doing) sth保证做某事,致力于做某事 be committed to prison被关进监狱 be com
25、mitted to doing sth致力于做某事 (2)make a commitment to sb向某人承诺,-23-,高频单词,难点句型,用commit的恰当形式填空 They require a bigger (commit) than smaller ones,and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.(2018全国卷,七选五) The most awkward email mistake is usually in anger.(2017天津卷,阅读理解A篇) 单句改错 The schools t
26、hat I visit in Nottingham are full of experienced staff committed to give our children a caring and inspiring learning environment.,commitment,committed,givegiving,-24-,高频单词,难点句型,写作升级 After graduation,Bruce committed himself to changing peoples life in the west. 满分表达 After graduation,Brucepeoples li
27、fe in the west.,was committed to changing,-25-,高频单词,难点句型,10.involve vt.涉及,参与;牵涉,牵连;包括,包含 involved adj.复杂的;纠缠的;有关的 involvement n.参与,加入,沉迷 高考佳句 It involves creation,performance,and promotion.这涉及创造、表现和提升。(2018江苏卷,任务型阅读) involve sb in (doing) sth参加,参与 get/be involved in卷入,专注于 be involved with关注,和有关系,-26
28、-,高频单词,难点句型,用involve的恰当形式填空 For a long time Gabriel didnt want to be in music at all.(2017江苏卷,完形填空) Robinson assessed parental performance and found one of the most damaging things a parent could do was to punish their children for poor marks. There is a good social life in the village,and I wish I
29、had a second chance to become more .(2018江苏卷,单项填空) 写作升级 I dont think they have something to do with the matter. 满分表达 I dont think they the matter.,involved,involvement,involved,are involved in,-27-,高频单词,难点句型,11.give up放弃 高考佳句 But never ever give up on your dream!但是永远不要放弃你的梦想。(2018天津卷,阅读表达) give away
30、颁发(奖品);捐赠,赠送;放弃(机会等),泄露(秘密等) give off放出(气味、热、光等) give in屈服,投降;提交(+to sb) give out分发,分配;发表;散发;精疲力竭,用尽;出故障 give way to撤退;让步,让路;让优先 give back归还;恢复;反射(光、声音等) give sb a lift让某人搭个便车,-28-,高频单词,难点句型,用适当的介词或副词填空 At first Robert wouldnt let his daughter go diving,but eventually he gave as she was so confident
31、 about her skills.(2018天津卷,单项填空) Body language can give a lot about your mood,so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive. It annoys Welty that,at 78,her left ear has now given .(2016全国卷,阅读理解B篇) But you are so confident and never give whenever you meet with d
32、ifficulties.(2017全国卷,书面表达),in,away,out,up,-29-,高频单词,难点句型,e to 达到某种状态;苏醒过来;谈到 高考佳句 I came to believe that I could do nothing about my weight.我开始相信我对我的体重束手无策。(2017天津卷,完形填空) come to feel/realise/understand开始感觉到/意识到/理解 come to an end结束 come to a decision做出决定 when it comes to(doing) sth当谈及(做)某事 come acro
33、ss偶然遇见;被理解 come about发生 come on上场;加油;得了吧 come out出版;出现;结果是,-30-,高频单词,难点句型,单句语法填空 Should you come waste paper thrown out of a passing car,pick it up.(2018浙江卷,七选五) When comes to adaptation,it is important to understand that climate change is a process.(2017江苏卷,阅读理解D篇) Boys who worked in the home or co
34、mmunity gained competence and came (feel) they were worthwhile members of society.(2016天津卷,阅读理解C篇),across,it,to feel,-31-,高频单词,难点句型,13.far too 太,极为 高考佳句 In the car park there Gina nearly got knocked over as a car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry.在那儿的停车场,当一辆车从一辆货车后极速开出来时,吉娜几乎要被撞倒。 温馨提示a
35、little,a bit,rather,a lot,all,much等都可以修饰副词too,表示不同的程度。但是very,fairly,quite,pretty等词不能用来修饰副词too。,-32-,高频单词,难点句型,完成句子 The increasing strength of the wind makes the bay . 不断加剧的大风使小海湾变得异常危险。 This time,though,she used oil. 然而,这一次,她使用的油太多了点。 单句改错 He said without the job,he would simply have very much time
36、and would just do what I did back in college.(2018浙江卷,完形填空),far too dangerous,a little too much,verytoo,-33-,高频单词,难点句型,1.As Yang Liwei returned into the earths atmosphere,helicopters were flying to where he would land,ready to collect him.(Page 23)当杨利伟返回地球大气层的时候,直升机已经在飞往他着陆地点的途中,准备接他。 where引导宾语从句句型
37、(1)句中where he would land为where引导的宾语从句,做介词to的宾语,where在宾语从句中充当状语。 (2)注意宾语从句和定语从句的区别:介词后接宾语从句表示的是介词连接的内容,而“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句则是对前面的先行词进行修饰和限制。 (3)注意关系副词引导宾语从句和关系副词引导状语从句时的区别:介词后接宾语从句时,宾语从句作为整体充当介词宾语,而关系副词引导状语从句则在句中修饰谓语动词或副词等。,-34-,高频单词,难点句型,单句语法填空 The library is being built in used to be a pond. About two
38、 hours later the children returned to they put their food. 单句改错 The girl felt so excited because she found her seat was next to which the pop star sat.She found a sharp knife with what she could cut the box open.,what,where,whichwhere或在sat后加上in,whatwhich,-35-,高频单词,难点句型,2.Yang Liwei was happy to be h
39、ome but he said,“I thought 21 hours was too short to stay in space.” (Page 23)返回地面的杨利伟异常高兴,但他说:“我觉得在太空只停留21个小时真是太短暂了!” too.to.句型 too+ adj./adv.(for sb) to do常用以表示“(对某人来说)太不能”,肯定结构表达否定意义。注意下面几种情况下too.to.结构的意义: (1)too.to.和表示人的心理状态的形容词连用,表示肯定意义。此类词有happy,glad,ready,anxious,eager,willing,pleased,thankfu
40、l等。 (2)把never/not等否定词放在too前,表示肯定。 (3)cannot too.(to.)表示“越越好;再也不为过”。,-36-,高频单词,难点句型,用too.to.结构翻译下面的句子 虽然当时我年幼,不理解这部电影的含义,但我记得我的家人都感动得落泪了。(2016上海卷,翻译)我做过饭后必须把煤气关上吗? 当然,你对这件事越小心越好。,Although I was then too young to understand the meaning of the film,I remember my family were moved to tears.,Must I turn
41、off the gas after cooking? Of course.You can never be too careful.,-37-,高频单词,难点句型,3.He has always been very strict with his daughters,training them hard to compete against each other.(Page 26)对女儿们他一直都很严厉,努力训练她们相互竞争。 动词-ing形式做状语句型 此处动词-ing形式做状语表示伴随状况,动词-ing形式和句子主语之间为主动关系。动词-ing形式做状语除了表示伴随状况之外,还常表示时间、
42、原因、让步、结果、条件等。 (1)动词-ing形式做状语常可改为一个从句。 (2)当做状语的动词-ing形式的动作在谓语动词动作之前发生,则常用其完成形式having done。,-38-,高频单词,难点句型,单句语法填空 An avalanche (雪崩) once closed the path, (kill) 63 people.(2018全国卷,阅读理解B篇) The curves(曲线)of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, (form) a unique view.(2018全国卷,阅读理解C篇) F
43、or many older people,particularly those living alone or in the country,driving is important for preserving their independence,_ (give) them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.(2017全国卷,阅读理解D篇),killing,forming,giving,-39-,高频单词,难点句型,写作升级 When they heard their teachers voi
44、ce,the pupils stopped talking at once. 满分表达 their teachers voice,the pupils stopped talking at once.,Hearing,-40-,高频单词,难点句型,4.This not only drew public attention to research into back injuries but also encouraged a lot of people living with all kinds of problems.(Page 28)这不仅引起了公众对背部受伤问题的关注,还鼓舞了很多有各种
45、问题的人。 not only.but also.句型 (1)not only.but also.在句中连接两个并列成分。 (2)not only.but also.连接并列主语时谓语动词的人称和数应用“就近一致”原则来确定。 (3)not only放在句首时,句子常用部分倒装语序。,-41-,高频单词,难点句型,完成句子 By doing so,I can share good ideas with others but also learn to express myself clearly. 通过这样做,我不仅能和别人分享好的想法,也能学会清晰地表达自己的观点。 单句语法填空 Not on
46、ly we students but also our head teacher (be) fond of such an activity. 写作升级 .she had not only lost 125 pounds,but also raised $25,000 for homeless children.(2017天津卷,完形填空) 满分表达. she lost 125 pounds,but also raised $25,000 for homeless children.,not only,is,not only had,-42-,1.Work hard,and Im sure t
47、hat youll soon get (promote). 2.By mile 17,I became out of breath and the once _ (injure) ankle hurt badly.(2018北京卷,阅读理解A篇) 3.Im overworked at the moment Ive taken on too many(commit). 4.But (compare) with previous studies,she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.(2018北京卷,阅读理解C篇) 5.Even if (lose) this match,youll still have chances to be the champion.,promoted,injured,commitments,
