1、Grammar and usage,The form of the Present perfect tense,We form the present perfect tense with have/has and the past participle of the verb. have (has) +过去分词,The disappearance of Justin _ (make)Kelly very unhappy.,has made,We use the present perfect tense to talk about things that happened in the re
2、cent past, but are connected to the present.,Note:,The uses of the present perfect tense,I _ (not see) Justin since last Friday night.,have not seen,We also use the present perfect tense to talk about something that started in the past, and is still happening now.,Note :,1. We _ (study) English for
3、about five years. 2. They_ (live) in the south since their daughter was born. 3. I_ (read) your article three times. Its well written. 4. The student _ (finish) her homework already.,have studied,have lived,have read,has finished,5. Eric_ (go) back to his hometown today. 6. The police_ (just finish)
4、 searching the area.,has gone,have just finished,We use the present perfect tense when the exact time of an action is not clear or important. We use it with time expressions such as: already ever for just lately never recently since yet,already, yet, for, since,We use already for affirmative stateme
5、nts and yet for negative statements. We use for + a period of time and since + a point in time.,We use the present perfect tense to talk about actions that were completed only a short time ago. In this case, just is used. Pay attention to the position of just.,Note:,He has just gone out.(=He went ou
6、t a few minutes ago.) We use the present perfect tense here to tell others that he isnt here now. I have just heard the news. (Now I know the news.),We can also use the present perfect tense for repeated actions, that is, we use the present perfect tense with the time expressions once/twice/three ti
7、mes,Tom has rung up three times this morning. (Now it is still in the morning.) Tom rang up three times this morning. (Now it is not still in the morning.),Actions occurring in an incomplete period might be indicated by today or this morning/afternoon/ evening/ week/ month/ year/ century or all day/
8、night/week, all the time, always etc.,Look at the following sentences and point out what tense or tenses are used in them and the reasons why they are used.,1. We have studied English for aboutfive years. We began to study it five years ago. 2. They moved to the south in 1990 andhave lived there sin
9、ce then. 3. Eric left home last year and has just come back.,4. Justin has been away from home forseveral days. He disappeared last Friday. 5. They bought this house three years ago and they have lived here since then. 6. My brother went to see my grandpa last week. He has visited him three times th
10、is month.,1 _ you _ my pen? Yes, I it on your desk just now. (see) 2 _ you _ dinner? Yes, I _ it with Mary. (have) 3 _the postman_ yet this morning?_ the postman_ this morning? (come),Have,Have,had,Did,Have,The present perfect tense and the past simple tense,seen,come,come,had,The present perfect te
11、nse is normally used for an action which lasts throughout an incomplete period, but with the past simple tense, we use time expressions which a fixed point in the past.,We havent seen Justin for a week. (He is still missing.) Justin disappeared last week. (It may mean that this week Justin is here.)
12、 He has smoked since he left school. (He still smokes.) He smoked for six months. (It means that he stopped smoking then.),Sometimes, however, the action finishes at the time of speaking. It has been very cold lately but its just beginning to get warmer. On meeting someone, you may say: I havent see
13、n you for ages. (But I see you now.),1. Tom has had a bad car crash.(Hes probably still in hospital now.)Tom had a bad car crash.(But hes probably out of hospital now.) 2. The lift has broken down.(We have to use the stairs.)The lift broke down.( But its probably working again now.),For a past actio
14、n whose time is not definite and often has a result in the present.,(2) saw (3) has visited (4) loves (5) hasnt visited (6) has seen (7) has never met (8) has travelled (9) has found (10) hasnt found (11) Has, been,Complete your diary entry using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.,The form
15、of the Present perfect continuous tense,We form the present perfect continuous tense with have/has been and the present participle of the verb. have (has) +been + doing,1. I _ for an hour and he still hasnt turned up. (wait) 2. Im so sorry Im late. _ you _ long?,have been waiting,Have,The uses of th
16、e Present perfect continuous tense,been waiting,Note:,We sometimes use the Present perfect continuous tense to talk about actions that started in the past and are still continuing, or have just finished but are still connected to the present in some way.,Present perfect or present perfect continuous
17、 tense?,Li Jia has read a book about Stonehenge. Li Jia has been reading a book about Stonehenge.,In the first sentence, it means the action read isnt still continuing, and Li Jia knows what the book is about now, but in the second sentence , it means the action read is still continuing. Ive cleaned
18、 the house. Ive been cleaning the house. Read Point 1 on page 10.,I _Egypt twice this month. (visit) I_ Egypt for two months. (tour),The present perfect continuous tense cant be used with time expressions such as twice or how many times, because in this tense the action is continuous, not stopped an
19、d started again. We can use the present perfect tense for repeated actions, and the present perfect continuous tense for non-stop actions.,have visited,have been touring,_ have you swum in the lake? _have you been swimming in the lake?,How many times,How long,how many times/how long,We usually use t
20、he present perfect tense to ask questions beginning with how many/much, and the present perfect continuous tense to ask questions beginning with how long.,A state verb or an action verb,I have had this camera for five years. (state verb) I have taken photos of UFOs with this camera. (action verb) I
21、have been taking photos of UFOs with this camera. (action verb),An action means something happening or changing. A state means something staying the same. Some examples of action verbs are do, go, and play. Some examples of state verbs are like, know and exist.,A state verb doesnt mean an action, so
22、 it cant be used in a continuous tense.,Theyve always had a big garden. How long have you known each other? Hes been in hospital since his accident.,always, never, yet, already and ever cant be used in a continuous tense.,Ive never visited Paris. Ive already been to Paris.,My lifes work,(2) have bee
23、n talking (3) have been taking (4) have been studying (5) have seen (6) have been writing,Answers on page 11,A (1)heard (2) been doing (3) been researching (4) done (5) started (6) achieved (7) read (8) found (9) started (10) been drawing (11) been making,He has been waiting at a bus stop in a city.
24、 2. They have been traveling in an UFO. It looks like a saucer. 3. They probably have talked to animals or plants on Earth as well as creatures on other plants. 4. They have visited Mars, Venus, Jupiter and some other planets.,Sample answers on page 11 part B,How long have you learnt English? Or How
25、 long have you been learning English? It has snowed for a long time. It has been snowing for a long time.,Both present perfect tense and present perfect continuous tense,An action which began in the past and is still continuing or has only just finished can, with certain verbs, be expressed by eithe
26、r the present perfect or present perfect continuous. Verbs which can be used in this way include expect, hope, learn, lie, live, sleep, sit, study, wait, want, rain, etc.,1. _ that dress when I first saw you at the station?A. Were you wearing B. Have you worn C. Did you wear D. Do you wear,即时训练,2. K
27、ate doesnt look very well. Whats wrong with her? She has a headache because she _ too long; she ought to stop work.A. has been reading B. had read C. is reading D. was reading,3. “Tell the students to stop shouting. We _ our essays .”A. write B. have been writing C. are writing D. have written,4. My
28、 uncle, Sam, _ manager of the firm.A. has just made B. is just being made C. has just been made D. is just made 5. This is the first time the students _ to Hyde Park.A. have gone B. have been gone C. have been going D. are being gone,6. She _ her mothers work since she was admitted into hospital.A.
29、is doing B. has been doing C. has done D. has been done 7. It _ every day so far this month. A. is raining B. rains C. has rained D. has been rained,高考链接 1. I havent heard anything from him yet. (P8) 考点 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响，句中可以没有具体的时间状语。肯定句中用already，否定句和疑问句中用yet。,考例1 _ you _ him around the museu
30、m yet? Yes. We had a great time there.A. Have；shown B. Do；show C. Had；shown D. Did；show 点拨 此句强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响，即：是否已经带他参观了博物馆。,考例2 We _ our new neighbors yet, so we dont know their names. A. dont meet B. wont meet C. havent met D. hadnt met 点拨 此句表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响。,2. My friend Jack is enthusiastic ab
31、out travelling. He has sent me an e-mail, telling me about his travels around the world.(P8) 考点 V-ing 短语作后置定语，表示V-ing形式和被修饰的名词之间是主动关系。,考例1 Peter received a letter just now _ his grandma would come to see him soon. A. said B. says C. saying D. to say 点拨 saying 修饰a letter，相当于which said .。,考例2 Dont res
32、pond to any e-mails _ personal information, no matter how official they look. A. searching B. asking C. requesting D. questioning 点拨 句意：不要答复任何索要个人信息的电子邮件，不管他们看上去有多正规。search和ask后面应加介词for；request意为“询问”；question意为“提问，盘问，审问”。故选C。,3. Kelly: Sorry Im late. Have you been waiting long? Mavis: Yes. Ive been
33、waiting for an hour. (P9) 考点 现在完成进行时表示从过去某时开始的动作到现在为止一直在进行，且可能持续下去。有时含有不耐烦、责备等感情色彩。,考例1 I have got a headache. No wonder. You _ in front of that computer too long. A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked 点拨 由语境可以看出work动作开始于过去，持续到现在，对现在还有影响，且含有责备的口吻，所以用现在完成进行时。,考例2 Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _ English for a year. A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying 点拨 句意：凯茜正在阳光学校的课堂上做语法笔记，她一直在那里学英语，到现在已经一年了。,Homework,Review Task part,
