1、概要写作示例与写作训练10【写作示例】【原文呈现】阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction. Each class had unique characteristics.In recent years, many writers have begun to speak the decline of class and classless society in Britain. And in modern day consumer socie
2、ty everyone is considered to be middle class.But pronouncing the death of class is too early. A recent wide-ranging society of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in particular class; 73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society; and 52 percen
3、t thought there were still sharp class differences. Thus, class may not be culturally and politically obvious, yet it remains an important part of British society. Britain seems to have a love of stratification.One unchanging aspect of a British persons class position is accent. The words a person s
4、peaks tell her or his class. A study of British accents during 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was viewed as the most attractive voice, Most people said this accent sounded educated and soft. The accents placed at the bottom in this study, on the other hand, were regional(地区的
5、)city accents. These accents were seen as common and ugly. However, a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least. This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots
6、and are based on class prejudice.In recent years, however, young upper middle-class people in London, have begun to adopt some regional accents, in order to hide their class origins. This is an indication of class becoming unnoticed. However, the 1995 pop song Common People puts forward the view tha
7、t though a middle-class person may want to live like common people they can never appreciate the reality of a working-class life.【思维路径】核心内容 本文是一篇议论文，全文共分五段。第一段主要讲在英国社会中，阶级划分是重要的一部分，每一阶级都有其独立的特征；第二段讲近几年来，许多作家认为英国已经渐渐转变成一个“阶级消亡”的社会；第三段主要讲英国对大众进行了一个调查，结果发现90的人们任然把自己划分在一定的阶层中，73的人认为阶级是英国社会一个必不可少的部分，因此说英
8、国已面临“阶级消亡”还为时过早；第四段主要讲另一项调查，该调查时关于人们认为的好的口音，英国和美国的调查结果正好相反，也说明了英国阶级划分的根源非常深；第五段承接第四段进一步说明现在英国人对待口音的态度开始改变。写作思路(1)理清文章脉络、概括段落大意。这篇短文给我们讲述了在英国社会中，阶级划分是重要的一部分。作者在短文中给我们介绍了两项调查，通过调查的结果我们可以看到，英国社会里的阶级划分没有消失，它是英国社会重要的一部分。该文章第一段的主题句为It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction；第
9、二段的主题句也是段落首句；第三段主题句为该段的首句But pronouncing the death of class is too early和结尾句Britain seems to have a love of stratification；第四段的主题句是One unchanging aspect of a Britain persons class position is accent；第五段的主题句是This is an indication of class becoming unnoticed.(2)审视文章布局，总结文章结构。这篇文章的主要构成是“两个观点，两个调查”，“两个观
10、点”指的是一个旧观点，即文章所指人们普遍认同的观点Britain as a society with class distinction(要点1)，第二个观点是新观点，是指近年来许多作家所提出的“decline of class”或者说“classless society”的观点(要点2)，作者为反驳这一个观点提出了英国社会所做的“两个调查”，分别是“a recent wide-ranging study”(要点3)的“A study of British accents”(要点4)，这两个调查的结果都证明了class remains an important part of British
11、society(要点5)，读时理清文章结构，有助于写时理清概要思路。参考范文 British was commonly regarded as a class society. (要点1)However, some writers commented that class seemed to disappear in Britain nowadays. (要点2)This conclusion was made too early because two studies of public carried out among British people proving that class
12、was still a vital part in British society. (要点5) Class was rooted in British peoples minds though not that deep as old days (要点3)and it could be seen from peoples attitudes toward accent.(要点4) (75 words)范文解析 范文把要点1和要点2放在开头，用however进行衔接，与原文结构相同，然后把要点3和要点4总结成two studies of public先在第三句提出，并且引出调查结果即英国社会仍
13、然是一个等级社会，等级观念仍旧深入人心class was still a vital part in Britain society要点5，这样安排使得行文更加流畅自然，最后再具体提出两个调查的内容要点3和要点4，其中要点3是对文章第四第五段的高度概括。提炼归纳 1. 重构主题句概要既要表达文章中各段主题句的含义又不能原文照抄，因此学生需要在原文主题句的基础上对其进行重构，如范文中的第一句British was commonly regarded as a class society即是对原文中It was once common to regard Britain as a society
14、with class distinction的重构，在重构过程中需要用到词性转换，句式转换，同义词替换等技巧。2. 重建支撑句 文章中的支撑句是对主题句的补充，同时也为主题句论点提供论证，概要当中应当点到支撑句或者支撑部分的内容，同时，信息要做到高度浓缩。如范文中Class was rooted in British peoples minds though not that deep as old days这一句既概括了第一个调查中的内容同时也点到了最后一段人们的等级观念的确在发生改变这一事实。【写作演练】1.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。College admissi
15、on season is upon us. With the ever-increasing competition among college applicants, writing an effective and sincere college recommendation letter is one way high school teachers can help students stand out among the competition. Here are a few things I have learned how to write a recommendation fo
16、r my students.Try beginning your letter with something the person tasked with screening hundreds of recommendation letters will remember. I like to start with an amusing story that illustrates who the student is and how others perceive them. Make sure to use the students full name for the first refe
17、rence and then just the first name after that. My favorite strategy is to end the paragraph with a single sentence that highlights the students strongest characteristics.In the body of the letter, focus on who the student is rather than what the student has done. What college reps want to know is ho
18、w the student will fit into their environment. Give specific examples of how the student achieved-did they overcome obstacles or tackle any challenges to reach their goals? I usually write two short paragraphs for the body. Sometimes the first relates character to academics, and the next relates cha
19、racter to extracurricular activities. Other times, I use the students characteristics as the main focal points.Conclude with a sincere statement of recommendation for the student to the college of their choice. When sending the recommendation to a single college, use the colleges name in your recomm
20、endation. Lastly, I return to using the students full name in my final reference to him in the letter.My last statement encourages the college to contact me with any further questions. Ill be surely delighted to receive any of their inquiry, meaning my student is under their consideration!_2.阅读下面短文，
21、根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Should You Disinfect Your Online Shopping?People who are self-isolating are increasingly relying on grocery deliveries. This raises a new worry: whether delivered goods carry the new coronavirus. Research suggests it can spread via particles in the air, but also via surfaces. How
22、long can the virus survive and how can we protect ourselves?COVID-19 is a respiratory(呼吸道的)illness and is largely transmitted via drops in the air from coughing or sneezing, says John Lednicky at the University of Florida. The new virus has also been found to persist on surfaces. A team led by Vince
23、nt Munster at the US National Institute of persist on surfaces. A team led by Vincent Munster at the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in Montana found it may survive on plastic and stainless steel for up to 72 hours. But other research suggests the coronaviruses that cause SA
24、RS and MERS can persist on metal, glass and plastic for up to nine days. Research by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggested that traces of the new coronavirus could be on surfaces for even longer; its RNA was detected in cabins of people who had vacated the Diamond Princess crui
25、se ship 17 days earlier, including those without symptoms. This doesnt necessarily mean these virus particles could still infect other people, says Lednicky. How long virus particles remain active depends on various factors. Those coughed or sneezed out may be covered in a layer of mucus(黏液)that hel
26、ps them survive longer. Surface survival may also be affected by UV light, which can destroy the ability of some viruses to reinfect us. Heat and higher humidity can also inactivate viruses. Is it worth trying to disinfect your shopping? Lednicky doesnt think so. Most household cleaning products won
27、t kill coronaviruses, he says. Even if you use one that does, youre unlikely to be able to clean every nook and cranny of, for example, a bunch of grapes. It is more practical to practise social distancing and good personal hygiene, he says._3.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Have you ever been involved in
28、 animal rescue? This is what happened to the Winter the dolphin. Winter was found off the coast of Florida in December of 2005. She was just a few months old, alone, and caught in a crab trap. The ropes from the trap were wrapped tightly around her body.The fisherman who found her called for help, a
29、nd the rescue team soon arrived. The ropes had cut off the blood circulation to her tail. She was badly hurt. Her rescuers didnt think she would survive. Hoping for a miracle and racing against time to save her, the rescuers transferred her to the ClearwaterMarine Aquarium in Florida.The doctors man
30、aged to save Winter, but sadly, not her tail. He tail flukes were too damaged and had to be removed so Winter could live.The little dolphin Winter survived against all odds, but she would never be able to swim normally without a tail. Thankfully the story doesnt end here. Winter was able to swim, bu
31、t not very well. Because she didnt have a tail. She moved her body in a side-to-side motion like a shark. But doctors at the aquarium were worried that unconventional moment would hurt her spine.Kevin Carroll heard Winters story and for thought, he would could help. He is a specialist who designs an
32、d provides prostheses for people. If he could help people, why not help a dolphin? He started working with Winter and came up with a solution for the new fluke and tail sectionKevin designed a stretchy sleeve to fit winters body and protect her skin. Then a tail made of silicone and plastic was made
33、 to tightly fit over the sleeve. Now winter can swim like other dolphins. And she is a great inspiration to people who struggle with their own injuries._4.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。This is a story about a book that just kept selling, catching publishers, booksellers and even its author off guard. Th
34、e book is Sapiens, by the Israeli academic Yuval Noah Harari, published in the UK in September 2014.It is a recondite(深奥的) work of evolutionary history charting the development of humankind through a scholarly examination of our ability to cooperate as a species.Sapiens sold well on publication, par
35、ticularly when it came out in paperback in the summer of 2015.What is remarkable about it, though, is that its still selling in vast numbers. Sapiens has sold a further half million copies, establishing itself firmly at the top of the bestseller lists. The books wild success is symptomatic of a broa
36、der trend in our book-buying habits: a surge in the popularity of intelligent, challenging nonfiction, often books that are several years old.It was trade publication, the Booksellers, that first noted the rise of what is called the “brainy backlist”, it also highlighted a concomitant fall in the sa
37、les of the books that had been such a staple of publishers catalogues-celebrity biographies. We are turning away from exciting but disposable stories of fame towards more serious, thoughtful, quiet books that help us understand our place in the world. Mark Richards, publisher at John Murray Prese, s
38、ee the return to serious works of nonfiction as a response to the spirit of the age, “People have a hunger both for information and facts, and for nuanced(有细微差别的) exploration of issues, of a sort that books are in a prime position to provide.” he says.In the end, the story of Sapiens is about a book
39、 becoming part of a national conversation. At a time when politics is more furious and fragmented than ever, when technology is colonizing our everyday existence._5.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Throughout history, music spread among people of different cultures. In todays technologic advanced society,
40、however, people spread music online, sometimes without an artists permission. This can lead to many problems, and music companies are now dealing with this practice. Sharing music online without permission is theft (盗窃).Sharing music online prevents recording companies from making money from their e
41、fforts. They say that sharing music online has led to a huge drop in profits and sales over the past 10 years. People who find music for free online are not paying for CDs or every MP3 downloaded. To truly understand the influence of music piracy (盗版) on creators, we must understand how many people
42、are involved in the recording process. For the sale of each album, profits must be shared between musicians, sound engineers, music producers, managers, advertisers, and the company selling the product. Many people believe sharing music only affects the recording artist, but the reality is that shar
43、ing hurts business for all companies involved.There are many people who dont see the harm in sharing music online and even think they have the right to do it. One online blogger states that he originally paid for an entire CD and that he should be able to do with the material whatever he wants. Whil
44、e he may have legally paid for the music, he does not have the right to provide permission, which means people like the blogger are thieves.Although we dont spread todays music the same way we did before, theres no doubt that people around the word love to share music. However, Internet piracy would
45、 prevent musicians from continuing producing albums for fear of theft. Therefore, if people want to continue listening to their favorite artists, they need to buy their music so that artists will make enough profits to continue their music careers._答案与解析1.【参考答案】High school teachers should know how to write college recommendations for students. First, a unique beginning such as a story can attract professions eye. Second
