1、概要写作示例与写作训练4【写作示例】【原文呈现】阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Trina Lucido creates coloring books and inspirations are all around her. “One day I saw a beautiful leaf and bloom. I did a whole page with leaves. So, some came from sketchbooks. Some were just one-word inspiration, and some I just saw something on
2、the ground and that was my inspiration that day.” Her latest just called Color, Write and Create, a coloring journal. It contains 40 pages of hand-sketched drawings and lines to write on. “The idea behind this book is a big idea which to encourage people to be creative. Something else that I heard f
3、rom people: They are buying these for people who are either ill or going through a rough time. And they feel that this is something that kind of helps them, almost therapeutic(治疗的).” Adults coloring books is a big business. In December, five of the top 10 best-selling books in the US were coloring b
4、ooks. Color, Write and Create is the latest addition to Lucidos product line that started twenty years ago with handmade greeting cards. “Its a diary and a sketchbook only once called art journal.” Over the years, shes created a variety of collectables made of paper, fabric and antique materials. “E
5、verything you do is sort of vantage flare to it.” Business and marketing expert Hillary Tattersall says adults coloring books are an important way for Lucido to grow her online business, Jubilee Flea, and hopefully move toward mass productions. So many of her products that I personally have sold and
6、 represented with Trina over the years have been one of kind. To have a commercial success, you need hundreds and hundreds and hopefully thousands and thousands and tens of thousands.” Lucidos adults coloring books are also available in local stores where grown-ups are more than happy to sit down an
7、d go to work. “Its very relaxing. Any stress just sort of falls away. It frees your mind. I love her little birds. There is just something about them. They make me smile. So Im saving the bird pictures to the very end I think.” For now, there is strong demand for adult coloring books and that keeps
8、Lucido happy and busy.【思维路径】核心内容 本文是一篇记叙文，全文共分四段。第一段介绍了成人涂色书的创始人Trina Lucido及其创作灵感。第二段介绍了她的最新涂色书Color, Write and Create及其理念。第三段主要讲述Lucido的成人涂色书蕴含无限商机。第四段内容为Lucido的涂色书的良好市场反响。写作思路(1)理清文章脉络、概括段落大意。理清文章脉络、概括段落大意是写摘要的基础，同学们可以通过找主题句、分析段落的逻辑关系来梳理文章的脉络，概括大意。本文第一段的中心句是Trina Lucido creates coloring books and
9、 inspirations are all around her. 第二段的主题句是第一句Her latest just called Color, Write and Create, a coloring journal. 第三段的中心句是Adults coloring books is a big business. 第四段的中心句是For now, there is strong demand for adult coloring books and that keeps Lucido happy and busy.(2)确定表达要点、灵活准确表达。每段的段落大意都是我们要表达的要点，这
10、可以确保不漏点。本文的摘要要把全文第一句作为一个要点，因为它是全文的逻辑起点。在确定表达要点后要思考如何准确灵活表达，这是难点。因为评分标准要求完全使用自己的语言。灵活表达的重要技巧是对原来的语言进行同义替换(paraphrase)，同时要对相关内容进行整合。要点1的表达已经很清楚，因此需要进行同义替换。要点2是介绍Lucido的新书，因此我们应该对该书的卖点进行概括介绍。要点3和要点4全面介绍Lucido的涂色书事业及顾客反响，可以整合在一起表达。参考范文 Trina Lucido is the creator of adult coloring books, whose inspirati
11、ons stem from daily life(要点1). Aiming at encouraging peoples creativity, her latest book Color, Write and Create serves as a comfort to the tough life(要点2). Due to the unique features she sticks to, her coloring books get positive feedbacks and are growing in popularity now, which in return leads to
12、 the boom of her career(要点3,4).范文解析 要点1用the creator of adult coloring books替换了 creates coloring books，whose inspirations stem from daily life替换了原文中的inspirations are all around her。要点2用aiming at encouraging peoples creativity代替了The idea behind this book is a big idea which to encourage people to be c
13、reative。要点4中There is strong demand for adult coloring books用Her coloring books are growing in popularity now替换。要点3和要点4根据内容和其内在逻辑进行了合理的整合，使句子的表达更加简洁。原文中的读者反馈 Its very relaxing. Any stress just sort of falls away. It frees your mind等直接用positive feedbacks进行概括。要点3即Adults coloring books is a big business
14、. 其实是作者涂色书的独具一格以及良好读者反响产生的结果，因此根据其逻辑关系整合在了一个句子中，并用which in return leads to her careers boom进行概括。提炼归纳1. 语义转换语义转换是新题型概要写作中很重要的一项基本技能，因为评价标准对“使用自己的语言进行观点的独立表达”有较高的要求。语义转换可以是简单的单词替换，同义短语替换，词性转换，也可以是句型转换。如要点1中使用的方法是词性转换，原文中用的是动词create，范文中用名词the creator进行了替换。范文中whose inspirations stem from daily life替换了原文
15、中的inspirations are all around her，此处属于句式转换。要点2用aiming at encouraging peoples creativity代替了The idea behind this book is a big idea which to encourage people to be creative，也是属于句式替换。句式转换还包括把要点4的原句There is strong demand for adult coloring books用Her coloring books are growing in popularity now替换。通过不同方式的
16、语义替换可以避免重复原文内容，使范文表达更加多样化。2. 要点整合为了达到概要写作规定的字数，在准确梳理原文要点的基础上，我们需要对原文的观点进行必要的整合，可以帮助我们更简洁、有效地表达。范文的呈现就是一个很好的例子。第一句是介绍人，第二句介绍书，第三句介绍其事业发展现状并展望未来。其中，第三句对要点3和要点4进行了合理的整合，使句子的表达更加简洁，结构更加具有逻辑性。要点3是作者涂色书在读者中的良好反响，要点4是作者的涂色书事业大有潜力，两者具备因果关系，因此范文根据其内在逻辑进行了整合。【写作演练】1.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。In our modern wor
17、ld, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The problem is that countries around the world have growing mountains of rubbish because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before, which, of course, raises the publics concern of our living environment.How do the society
18、become a throwaway one? First of all, it is now easier to replace an object than to spend time and money repairing it. Thanks to modern technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and cheap, and its more convenient to get them delivered nowada
19、ys.Another course is our love of disposable (一次性的) products. As busy people, we are always looking for ways to save time and make our lives easier. Companies produce thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups and cameras, to name a few. It seems that disposable p
20、roducts have become a common part of our life.Longing for new products also leads to the problem. We are used to buying new things and are always talked into buying something we dont need. Advertisements persuade us that newer is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The resul
21、t is that we throw away useful belongings to make room for new ones. To decrease the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. However, this is not enough to solve our problem. Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our b
22、elongings instead of throwing them away, we also need to rethink our attitudes towards spending. Repairing our belongings and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment._2.阅读下面短文, 根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。There are many resources for p
23、eople who are interested in volunteer tourism, but the best way to find these chances is to discover an organization you particularly want to work with. A simple Internet search for “volunteer tourism” will bring you many websites that offer this kind of travel experience. It is therefore important
24、to research an organization before signing up to travel to a distant corner of the earth to become a volunteer. Many people rely on other organizations they know and trust them to do research for them. Many people sign up for volunteer tourism chances provided by their schools.Before you choose a vo
25、lunteer tourism trip, it is important to get a clear picture of how much money the trip will cost. It is also important to understand the kind of work that will be required of the volunteers, because not everyone is up to the challenge of spending many days doing heavy work. Any website can put up q
26、uotes from former volunteers that may not be true. If an organization offering volunteer tourism has an office in your city, take a trip to the office and speak with the people working there as this will help to get a better understanding of the financial and physical commitments (承诺) that volunteer
27、s must make.It is also important to consider what kind of volunteer work you want to do. There are organizations that focus on volunteer chances for people who want to work on community building, others for people who want to volunteer in the field of education, and others still for people who have
28、medical training and are willing to share their skills. There are also a number of volunteer tourism chances for people who want to help those in need.Once you have found the type of volunteer work that you would like to do and created a list of volunteer tourism chances, it makes good sense to spea
29、k to former volunteers. It is a good way to choose the volunteer chance fit for you. It is also a good way to prepare for the trip and make it a success._3.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Our house has always been full of plant life. My mom has green thumb (园丁能手). Every summer, she transforms our backyard
30、 into a fruit and vegetable farm. For two months, our dinner plates are filled with snow peas, sweet green tomatoes and spicy peppers.Mom puts the same care and attention into her family as she does into the houseplants and garden. I grew under the sunshine of her smile I loved spending summer after
31、noons digging up worms in the backyard with my mom. I listened to stories about her childhood in remote northern China. Her favorite was about how she used to get up before the sun to get to school and how the corn stalks (玉米杆), which grew twice as tall as her on both sides of the path, moved in the
32、 wind, making her scared.This November will mark 21 years since my parents left their comfortable life in China for Canadas cold weather. Their first years were hard. They got by in a rented basement apartment. My mom held me in her lap while she sewed wedding dresses. Compared with my mom, Ive had
33、an easy life.Ive been thinking lot about my identity and how it was shaped by my moms influence. I might have never discovered a love for reading if she hadnt read me a bedtime story every night or a love of music if she hadnt taught me to play the piano. I have so much to learn, so much still to do
34、. But thanks to my mom, Ive got solid roots that I can draw on as I grow into my future.My goal for university is to keep plants alive in my dorm for an entire year. My mom has been teaching me how. In September, Ill go off to university, and these plants will sit on my dorm windowsill (窗台). Theyll
35、stay alive because Ill take care of them the same way that my mom took care of me. Theyll thrive, even. How could they not, when theyre supported by one (and a half) green thumbs? _4.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Why do we have deserts today? Deserts have not always been here. Most deserts that we have
36、today were once green lands full of plant life. One of todays biggest deserts is in North Africa. However, in the 1st century BC farms in North Africa grew corn and wheat to make bread for the whole city of Rome. How did this area become desert?Both weather and people can help form a desert. Hot wea
37、ther or very little rain makes the land so dry that nothing can grow. While in some regions, the increase in desert areas is occurring largely as a result of a trend toward drier climatic conditions.Continued gradual global warming has produced an increase in aridity (干旱) for some areas over the pas
38、t few thousand years. The process may be sped up in the following decades if global warming resulting from air pollution seriously increases.The primary reason for desert formation is human activities, though. If people cut down or burn trees and plants to make land clear for farming, the wind can b
39、low the soil away and turn the dry land into sand. Another big problem is farming on land that is not very good. This poor land can very quickly turn into desert, if it is farmed too much. One of the biggest causes, however, is when people take their animals to the same fields to feed over and over,
40、 and the fields finally lose all their nutrition. Because of these problems, deserts are slowly taking over green land in many parts of the world, including China.However, we can fight the growing deserts! In some parts of China people are working to prevent desert from expanding. In Xinjiang, for e
41、xample, some farmers are trying new scientific farming methods. These methods make it possible to use less land for crops, so farmers then can plant trees on the rest of their land!One Xinjiang farmer used only HALF of his fields to grow the SAME amount of crops as last year. On the other half of hi
42、s land, he planted fruit trees. The work of people like this is helping to fight the worlds growing deserts._5.阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要，Recently, Children should eat their meals and snacks at home during the outbreak of the covid-19 (新冠病毒),which means not only adding a new stress (压力)for parents (eg,
43、 a lot more cooking!), but also providing a new chance for parents to teach children cooking skills.Helping children develop an interest in cooking when theyre young can help them have the valuable life skill that they can carry into adulthood. Allowing children to help in the kitchen encourages the
44、m to learn where food comes from, and teaches them about nutrition and food safety (e.g., the importance of washing fresh produce with clean water, or hand-washing before and after helping in the kitchen). Doing so may also help children overcome picky eating by becoming more accepting of new foods.
45、 Whats more, cooking and baking can be fun ways to spend time while bonding with family.The key is finding tasks that suit childrens age and ability, while still guiding and monitoring their progress. Activities that may attract a preschoolers interest in cooking include helping to wash fruits and vegetables and add toppings to a pizza. Older children can be given tasks such as measuring ingredients into cups or beating eggs. Proper c
