1、 Unit 2Unit 2 Making a differenceMaking a difference Starting out in short，they are all musicians. 他们家一个弹钢琴的， 一个拉小提琴的， 一个唱歌的， 简言之， 他们都是音乐家。 链接写作 同义句转换 I cant afford the dress because I dont have enough money this month. I cant afford the dress because I am_short_of money this month. My name is Thoma
2、s，and you can call me Tom for short. My name is Thomas，and Tom is_short_for Thomas. 4effective adj.有效的；产生预期效果的 Now tick the solutions that you think are most effective to supply Africa with fresh water.(教材 P14) 现在勾选你认为为非洲提供淡水的最有效的解决方案。 (1)effect n效应；结果；影响 have an effect on 对有影响 bring/carry/put.into
3、effect 实施；使生效 come/go into effecttake effect 开始生效；开始；实施 (2)effectively adv. 有效地；实际上 Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world. 全球变暖正在对世界上数百种动植物物种产生重大影响。 It wont be easy to bring the law into effect. 实施这部法律不会是件容易的事情。 It was nearly an hour before
4、the sleeping pill took effect. 将近一个小时，安眠药才起作用。 链接写作 补全句子 The number of people who run the red light has been on the decrease since_the_new_traffic_regulations_came_into_effect 自从新的交通法规实施以来，闯红灯的人数下降了。 5fund v为提供资金，资助 fund water projects (教材 P14)为供水项目提供资金 (1)fund n基金；专款；基金会 set up the fund 设立基金 (2)fun
5、ds n. 资金 government/public funds 政府资金/公共资金 The airport is being privately funded by a construction group. 该机场是由一个建筑集团私人出资兴建的。 The project has been canceled because of lack of funds. 这个项目因缺乏资金已经撤销。 China is making efforts to help firms to deal with increasing risk by setting_up_funds 中国正通过设立基金来帮助公司应对
6、日益增加的风险。 链接写作 补全句子 We are all trying hard to_raise_funds_to_build a new swimming pool. 我们所有人都在为建一个新的游泳池努力筹集资金。 6earn v挣(钱) At first，his plan was to earn money to build a single well somewhere in Africa.(教材 P14) 起初，他的计划是挣钱在非洲某处建一口单井。 (1)earn sb sth 为某人赢得某事；为某人带来某事 earn money 赚钱 earn a living 谋生 (2)ea
7、rnings n. 收入 His achievements earned him respect and admiration.他的成就为他赢得别人 的尊敬和赞美。 It is impossible that you can earn such a lot of money without any risk that you will lose it. 你不可能挣这么一大笔钱，而没有任何赔钱的风险。 She sends all her earnings (earn) except those for her to live on to her parents. 她将自己的收入除去生活费之后，全
8、部寄给了父母。 链接写作 同义句转换 Since his parents died early，he had to make his living on his own when he was a teenager. Since his parents died early，he_had_to_earn_his_own_living when he was a teenager. 7donate vt.捐赠 He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded them to donate mon
9、ey.(教材 P15)他开始向同学和邻居求助，并说服他们捐款。 (1)donate.to. 把捐献给 (2)donation n. 捐赠，捐赠物 charity donation 慈善捐赠 organ donation 器官捐赠 (3)donator n. 捐赠者，赠送者 Just as we were in great need of fund，a wealthy sponsor came to our rescue with a generous donation. 正当我们急需资金时，一个富有的赞助人慷慨的捐助解救了我们。 The secondary school is named af
10、ter a donator who made a contribution of 50 million RMB yuan. 这所中学是以一名出资五千万元人民币的捐赠人的名字命名的。 It is so generous of you to have donated so much money to people in Wuhan. 你把那么多钱捐给武汉的人民，你真慷慨！ 链接写作 补全句子 The money raised is_donated_to_cancer_patients who do not have insurance. 募集的资金被捐赠给没有保险的癌症患者。 8reality n
11、真实；现实 This insight grew from the determined attitude of a sixyearold boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality.(教材 P15) 这种顿悟是从一个 6 岁男孩的坚定态度中得到的， 他有勇气和毅力使他的梦想成 为现实。 (1)become a reality 成为现实 in reality 事实上 turn.into reality 把变成现实 (2)realise v. 实现 realise ones aim/hope 实现某人的目
12、标/愿望 (3)realistic adj. 现实的；实际的；栩栩如生的 You have to admit that you are，in reality，in difficulties. 你不得不承认，你事实上是陷入了困境。 If we redouble our efforts，our dream will be turned into reality. 如果我们加倍努力，我们的梦想会变成现实。 My impossible dream has become a reality. 我那不可能实现的梦想终于变成了现实。 链接写作 补全句子 In_reality，only when the re
13、alistic man realises that his aim can be_realised will he work hard to turn_it_into_reality 在现实中，只有当这个很实际的人意识到了自己的目标能实现时，才会努力把它 变为现实。 9make a difference 有影响，使不同 He really had made a difference for these children.(教材 P15) 他对这些孩子确实有很大影响。 make some/no/little difference (to.) (对)有些/没有/几乎没有什么作用或影响 It mak
14、es a difference (to sb) wh从句 (对某人来说)有影响/有关系 tell the difference between.and. 区分与的差别 Even small improvements can make a great difference in the long term. 从长远看，即使很小的改善也能引起很大的差异。 It makes no difference to me whether he comes here or not. 他来不来这里对我来说没有什么影响。 I cant really tell the difference between thei
15、r policies and ours. 我真的看不出他们的政策和我们的有什么不同。 链接写作 补全句子 You have to be very exact in this job ，because a_small_mistake_can make_a_big_difference 你做这项工作必须非常严谨，因为一个小错误就能造成天壤之别。 10set up 建立，设立；安装好；安排 Later，Ryans experience led him to set up a foundation to encourage more people to help.(教材 P15) 后来，基于此经验，瑞
16、安建立了一个基金会，鼓励更多人提供帮助。 set aside 把置于一旁；留出 set down 放下；记下；登记 set about (doing) sthset out to do sth 着手(做)某事 set off 出发；使爆炸；引起 set out 出发，动身；开始；陈述，表达；排列，陈列 Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur，who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. 艾丽丝 摩尔是一位十几岁的企业家，她于 2015 年 5 月创办了自己的公司 AilieCandy。 He wants t
17、o set up a meeting with an important client the following morning. 他想在第二天早上安排一次与一个重要客户的会面。 I set up the computer so that they could work from home. 我把电脑安装好，这样他们就可以在家办公了。 链接写作 翻译句子 我写这封信是想告诉你我于何时出于何种原因创立这个环保组织的。 I_am_writing_to_tell_you_when_and_why_I_set_up_the_environme ntal_protection_organization
18、. 11break into 突然开始(做某事，如笑、哭、唱、跑等)；强行进入 He broke into a joyful smile.(教材 P15) 他突然露出喜悦的微笑。 break away 挣脱 break down 发生故障；身体垮掉 break in 打断；强行进入 break off 突然停止 break out 爆发 break through (取得)突破，冲破；克服 break up (关系)破裂，分手 We hope to break through soon in the fight against the novel coronavirus. 我们希望在与新冠病毒
19、的斗争中能很快有所突破。 I was still living in London when the war broke out 战争爆发的时候我还住在伦敦。 When they were speaking，he suddenly broke in 他们正在讲话时，他突然插嘴。 链接写作 同义句转换 The sudden appearance of a policeman caused the thief to run away immediately. The thief broke_into_a_run when a policeman appeared. 12turn out 出席，在场
20、；结果是，证明是；制造，生产 He also saw hundreds of delighted students who had turned out to welcome him.(教 材 P15) 他还看到成百上千兴高采烈的学生出来欢迎他。 (1)turn out to beadj./n.(作表语) 结果是 It turns out that. 结果 (2)turn in 上交；归还 turn on/off 打开/关掉；转弯离开 turn to 翻到，转到；求助于 With all my efforts，it did not turn out to be the way I expect
21、ed. 我付出了很多心血，没想到结果却不尽如人意。 Thousands of people turned out to watch the match against England yesterday. 成千上万的人昨天到场观看了对英格兰队的比赛。 If a writer does not go deep among the masses，he cannot expect to turn out good works. 如果作家不深入群众，就不会写出好作品来。 链接写作 翻译句子 尽管我们很担心，但是晚会结果开得很成功。 Despite_our_worries，the_party_turne
22、d_out_to_be_very_successful. 1As a sixyearold Canadian schoolboy，Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldnt get enough clean water.(教材 P14) 作为一名 6 岁的加拿大小学生， 瑞安很难相信他的老师所说的非洲发展中国家的 许多人得不到足够的清洁水的话。 该句是主从复合句。句中 have trouble (in) do
23、ing sth 意为“做某事有困难” 。 (1)表示“做某事有困难”还有如下结构： have difficulty/trouble/problems with sth have difficulty/trouble/problems/a hard time in doing sth (2)difficulty 和 trouble 前可用 some，any，no，little 等词来修饰。 (3)在考查句型 have difficulty (in) doing sth 时， difficulty 往往提前作为主句中的先 行词，定语从句中谓语成为 have doing 形式。 I have som
24、e trouble in reading (read)the letter，for his handwriting is very bad. 我读这封信很困难，因为他的书写很差。 We had trouble with our neighbors over the noise that they were making. 我们因邻居制造的噪音而与他们闹纠纷。 You cant imagine what great difficulty we have ever had dealing (deal) with the problems. 你无法想象我们在处理这些问题上遇到了多么大的困难。 链接写
25、作 同义句转换 Because students are not skilled at the language spoken there， it will be difficult for them to understand what the teachers say. Because students are not skilled at the language spoken there ， they will_have_difficulty_in_understanding what the teachers say. 2And why is the water so dirty t
26、hat it makes them sick? (教材 P14) 为什么水如此脏以至于会让他们生病？ 本句中 so.that.引导结果状语从句，意为“如此以至于”，其中 so 是 副词，修饰形容词 dirty。 (1)so.that.句型的基本结构： soadj./adv.that. soadj.(a/an)n.(单数可数名词)that. somany/few/much/little (少)n.(复数可数名词/不可数名词)that. (2)such.that.句型的基本结构： sucha(n)adj.n.(单数可数名词)that suchadj.n.(复数可数名词/不可数名词)that (3)
27、当 so形容词/副词及 such.放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 They are such fine teachers that we all hold them in great respect. 他们是非常好的老师，我们对他们极为尊敬。 He worked so_hard_that he gained high grades in the exams. 他学习如此努力，结果考试取得了好成绩。 It is so_difficult_a_job_that we cant handle it by ourselves. 工作如此棘手，我们自己处理不了。 链接写作 同义句转换/一句多译 Ligh
28、t travels so fast that we can hardly imagine its speed. So fast does_light_travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 大连是一个如此吸引人的地方以至于每年都有很多游客来观光旅游。 Dalian is such an_attractive_place that lots of tourists visit the city every year. Dalian is so attractive_a_place that lots of tourists visit the c
29、ity every year. 3After several months，Ryan had raised the $2，000，with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda.(教材 P15) 几个月后，瑞安筹集了 2 000 美元，用这笔钱在乌干达的一所小学附近建了一口 井。 该句为主从复合句，句中 with which a well.是“介词关系代词”结构引导的 定语从句，修饰先行词 the $2，000。 “介词关系代词”结构引导的定语从句的用法： (1)在“介词关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词指物用 wh
30、ich，指人 用 whom，不可用 that 或 who 代替，也不可省略。但如果介词后置，则不受这种 限制。 (2)有些固定动词短语中的介词一般不能提前。常见的这类动词短语有 listen to， look at，depend on，look for，pay attention to，take care of 等。 (3)介词的确定要遵循“一先、二动、三意义”的原则：“一先”，即根据先行 词的某种习惯搭配来确定介词；“二动”，即根据定语从句中的动词或形容词所 需要的某种习惯搭配来确定介词；“三意义”，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介 词。 (4)关系副词 when，where，why 可用“介词
31、which”来代替。 There comes Tom，for whom I have been waiting an hour or so. 汤姆来了，我等了他大约一个小时。 He handed me a pen with which I wrote down his phone number. 他递给我一支钢笔，我用它记下了他的电话号码。 The university in which my brother once studied is very famous. 我哥哥曾经就读的大学很有名气。 链接写作 同义句转换 We are in a position where we may los
32、e a large sum of money. We are in a position in_which we may lose a large sum of money. We are looking forward to the day when we will get together. We are looking forward to the day on_which we will get together. I dont know the reason why the house is so dirty. I dont know the reason for_which the
33、 house is so dirty. 熟记重要词语 .熟词生义写出句中加黑单词的词性和含义 1All contributions for the May issue must be received by Friday.n.稿件 2The UN cannot interfere in the internal affairs of any country.adj.国内的 3 They have had effective control of the area since the security forces left.adj.实际的 4Tourism is a fountain of w
34、ealth for the city.n.丰富来源 5What do you suppose we should do to earn respect from others? v赢得；获得 6Respect and friendship provide a solid foundation for marriage.n.基础 .写出下列词块的含义 1to make a contribution to charity 给慈善事业捐款 2breathe a sigh of relief 如释重负地松口气 3severe food shortage 食物严重短缺 4the internal str
35、ucture of a building 大楼的内部结构 5a simple but highly effective treatment 一种简便但效果显著的方法 6earn a living as a parttime secretary 靠做兼职秘书为生 7donate large sums to charity 向慈善机构捐赠大笔钱款 8a writer of great insight 有深刻洞察力的作家 9the recycle of solid wastes 固体废弃物回收 10out of touch with reality 脱离现实 练透常用句型 1As a sixyear
36、old Canadian schoolboy，Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldnt get enough clean water. 句式分析 spoken by his teacher 是过去分词短语作定语；that many people in developing African countries.是 that 引导的同位语从句。 尝试仿写 位于黄海岸边的这座城市已成为一个现代化的工业中心。 Th
37、e_city_situated_on_the_coast_of_the_Yellow_Sea， has_become_a_modern_industrial_center. 2And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick? 句式分析 so.that.引导结果状语从句，意为“如此以至于”。 尝试仿写 这本书如此难懂以至于我不想读了。 The_book_is_so_difficult_to_understand_that_I_want_to_give_it_up. 3But when he gave the money to a cha
38、rity，he was told that it actually cost $2，000 to build a well. 句式分析 该句是句型“it costs (sb) some money to do sth”，意为“做某事花费 了(某人)钱”。 尝试仿写 买这么多东西，总共花了五百块钱。 It_cost_five_hundred_yuan_altogether_to_buy_so_many_things. 4 After several months， Ryan had raised the $2， 000， with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. 句式分析 该句是“介词关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。 尝试翻译 几个月后，瑞安筹集了 2_000 美元，用这笔钱在乌干达的一所小 学附近建了一口井。 5Later，Ryans experience led him to set up a foundation to encourage more people to help. 句式分析 句中 to set up.作宾语补足语，to encourage more people to help 作目 的状语。 尝试翻译 后来，基于此经验，瑞安建立了一个基金会，以鼓励更多人提供帮 助。
