1、第三节第三节 段尾设空题段尾设空题 (2019 全国) In an online class，developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. 36 While I have only listed two of each，there are obviously many other situations that can arise.Students should be able to extend the logic(逻辑) of each to their particular
2、circumstance. Dos 37 Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.Before asking questions about the course design， read the syllabus(教学大纲) and learning management system information to be sure the answer isnt hiding in plain sight. Participate in discussion forums(论坛)， blogs and other open
3、- ended forums for dialogue. 38 Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information.Make a point，and make it safe for others to do the same. Donts Dont share personal information or stories.Professors are not trained nurses，financial aid experts or your best friends.If you are in need of a
4、 deadline extension，simply explain the situation to the professor. 39 Dont openly express annoyance at a professor or class. 40 When a student attacks a professor on the social media，the language used actually says more about the student.If there is truly a concern about a professors professionalism
5、 or ability，be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments. AThats what they are for. BTurn to an online instructor for help. CIf more information is needed，they will ask. DRemember that online professors get a lot of emails. EBelow are some common dos and donts for online le
6、arners. FEveryone has taken a not- so- great class at one time or another. GAsk questions，but make sure they are good，thoughtful questions. 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康有益的互动交流模式是非常 重要的，作者在文中列举了一些规矩与禁忌。 36答案 E 解析 根据文章段落结构和本段首句“In an online class，developing healthy patterns of communication with profe
7、ssors is very important.”可知，在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康的互 动交流模式是非常重要的，作者在下文中列举了一些规矩与禁忌。故选项 E 符合语境。 37答案 G 解析 空后一句“Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.”解释了什么样的问 题是受欢迎的，由此可知，G 项“make sure they are good，thoughtful questions”与之相呼应， 即要提一些好的经过缜密思考的问题。故选 G。 38答案 A 解析 根据前一句“Participate in discussion f
8、orums(论坛)，blogs and other open- ended forums for dialogue.”可知，要参与论坛讨论、博客和其他开放式的对话论坛。而空格后一句说一定 要紧扣主题，不要提供不相关的信息。A 项“这就是它们的用途”承上启下，符合语境。故 选 A。 39答案 C 解析 根据本段“Professors are not trained nurses， financial aid experts or your best friends.”可 知，不要分享个人信息或故事，如果需要更多的信息，他们会主动问起的。故选项 C 符合语 境。 40答案 F 解析 通读本段，并根
9、据本段主题句“Dont openly express annoyance at a professor or class.”可知，此处作者告诫读者，每个人都可能曾经上过不太好的课，不要在社交媒体上攻 击教授， 不要公开表达对教授或班级的不满， 要利用网络课程评价系统平静地提出你的意见。 选项 F 符合上下文语境。 一、题型解读 段尾设空题常见题型有：(1)总结句：总结本段内容。(2)过渡句或细节句。 二、解题技巧 1总结句 (1)找关键语句：重点阅读空前一、二句，确定关键词。 (2)确定信号词：在选项中查找表结果、结论、总结等的词语，如 therefore，thus，in short，to c
10、onclude 等。 (3)注意转折关系：利用选项中表示转折或对比的关联词确定选项内容与前文是否对立。 (4)注意并列递进关系： 利用选项中含有并列关系的词， 与前文相似句式或词汇复现等解题线索。 例如： 【真题感悟】中第 39 题就和前文形成递进关系。根据段首的中心句“Dont share personal information or stories.”及上文中“Professors are not trained nurses，financial aid experts or your best friends.”可知，教授不是训练有素的护士，不是经济援助专家，也不是你 最好的朋友，不要
11、分享个人信息或故事，如果他们需要更多信息的话，他们会主动问起的。 所以选 C。 2过渡句 如果选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，就应考虑下一段的开头句，看是否能与选项衔接。 A (2019 四川遂宁三诊) Cold weather during winter months may keep many people from leaving home and running in the open air.However， a new study shows that the 11drop in temperature is a good reason to run. 1 Many people s
12、ay running in winter can be difficult.Two reasons are the low temperatures and 10bitter winds. 2 That could be because lower temperatures reduce stress on the body.When you run in cold weather，your heart rate and the bodys dehydration(脱水) levels are lower than in warmer conditions. 3 This informatio
13、n comes from John Brewer，who is a professor of 1applied sport science at St.Marys.For this study，he and other researchers put a group of people into a room they called an “environmental chamber”The researchers then 2recreated summer and winter weather conditions in the room. 4 Brewer says he and his
14、 team recorded biological measurements of the runners. He says that the most important thing for people who run in cold conditions is to wear the right clothing.Wear gloves on your hands. 5 And especially wear more than one layer of clothing to keep sweat away from your skin. AYet many runners might
15、 find it easier than running in hot weather. BWe have good reasons to run in winter. CWear shoes that will keep you from falling. DMany feel nervous when running in the cold weather. EThe body needs less water on a cold day than in warm weather. FIn fact，running in cold weather helps improve ones pe
16、rformance. GThe test subjects were asked to run 10,000 meters under both conditions. 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。冬天的寒冷天气会阻止很多人跑步。研究发现，在寒冷的冬 天跑步要比在夏天更能提高人们的身体机能，文章对此项研究作了详细说明。 1答案 F 解析 该空前一句提到“然而，一项新的研究表明，气温下降是跑步的绝佳时机”，分析各 选项可知，此句与 F 项(事实上，在寒冷的天气中跑步有利于改善身体机能)与此空意义是一 致的。故选 F。 2答案 A 解析 根据下文的内容“那是因为低温环境能够降低身体的压力，与温暖的
17、环境相比，在寒 冷的环境下跑步，你的心率和身体的脱水程度更低”可知，在冬天跑步比夏天更容易。分析 各选项可知，A 项(然而，还有许多跑步者可能发现严冬时节跑步比炎夏季节更容易)符合题 意，故选 A。 3答案 E 解析 根据该空上一句“与温暖的环境相比，在寒冷的环境下跑步，你的心率和身体的脱水 程度更低”可得出“寒冷的环境下，身体需要的水分相对来说比较少”。分析各选项可知， E 项(与温暖的天气相比，寒冷的天气里身体需要的水分更少)符合题意，故选 E。 4答案 G 解析 根据该空上一句“研究人员在房间里模拟夏天和冬天的天气状况”可知，G 项“他们 要求受试者在两种环境(冬天和夏天)下跑完 10
18、000 米”符合题意，故选 G。 5答案 C 解析 根据上文“对于在寒冷的条件下跑步的人来说，最重要的是穿合适的衣服，戴上手 套。”可知，C 项(穿上防滑鞋以免摔倒)符合语境，故选 C。 B (2019 湘赣十四校联考) Take Care of Your Spine(脊柱) The spine stands at the center of your health，providing your body with structure and support.12It also contains your spine cord，a massive collection of nerves co
19、nveying electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain. 6 . Maintaining good posture(姿势) is one of the most important things you can do to keep your spine healthy.13Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight，except for its natural curves.Posture comes into
20、play even when you are asleep.Sleeping on your side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions. 7 .Especially if you work at a desk most of the day，its important to get up and 3stretch regularly. 8 .Stretch can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into bett
21、er arrangement.Strength exercises like pushups(俯卧撑) can also help by 7strengthening the muscles around your spine.However，dont 4overdo the exercise，as repeated motions can strain the muscles around your spine. Finally，your diet affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for
22、 bones and nerves.In particular，vitamins B and D are 8essential to keep bones healthy，so you may want to consider taking a 5supplement. 9 ，so it is also helpful to do some of the back exercise outside. Many of the actions necessary to keep your spine healthy are 9identical to those used to 6preserve
23、 your health in other ways. 10 . AHowever，the latter is also absorbed from sunlight BStaying still for too long can be hard on your back CSo protect your back，the rest of the body will benefit DProtecting your spine with yoga is also a necessary step ETry the following exercises to keep your spine m
24、ore flexible FExercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine GSo you should take the following factors into account to have a healthy spine 语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章针对我们应该如何保持脊柱的健康提出了几点建议。 6答案 G 解析 本句位于段尾，起承上启下的作用。上文强调脊柱的重要性，后文为介绍保护脊柱的 建议，故可推知 G 项“所以你应该通过考虑以下因素来拥有健康的脊柱”符合题意，故选 G 项。 7答案 B 解析
25、根据下文“Especially if you work at a desk most of the day，its important to get up and stretch regularly.(尤其是如果你一天的大部分时间都在办公桌前工作，那么有规律地站起来伸 展身体是很重要的)”可知，本空应强调太长时间保持不动不利于健康，故选 B 项。 8答案 F 解析 根据后文“Stretch can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better arrangement.(伸展可以帮助脊柱
26、周围的肌肉放松，让骨骼进入更好的排列)”可知， 本段主要强调锻炼也是保持脊柱健康的一个重要因素，故选 F。 9答案 A 解析 根据上文“In particular， vitamins B and D are essential to keep bones healthy， so you may want to consider taking a supplement.(特别是维生素 B 和 D 对保持骨骼健康是必不可少的，所 以你可能要考虑服用补充剂)”和后文“so it is also helpful to do some of the back exercise outside(所以在户外
27、做一些背部运动也是有帮助的)”可推测本空是指要通过晒太阳维生素 D 才能被人体吸收，故选 A。 10答案 C 解析 根据上文“Many of the actions necessary to keep your spine healthy are identical to those used to preserve your health in other ways.(许多保持脊柱健康的必要措施与那些用于以其他方 式保持健康的措施是相同的)”可知， C 项“因此， 保护你的背部， 也有益于身体的其他部位” 符合语境，故选 C。 .障碍词汇突破 (一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思
28、 1Those scientists are expected to engage in theoretical research，not applied research.应用的 2 The Jorvik Viking Centre uses technology to recreate sounds and smells， so visitors feel they are on a journey back to the age of the Vikings.再现 3Jimmy stretched out his hand to take the candy.伸开 4You are su
29、pposed to work hard，but dont overdo it and make yourself ill.把做得过火 5The teacher has a point when she told us that online courses are a good supplement for school education.补充 6As common sense，everyone should preserve his eyes with special care.保护 (二)同义词语替换 7The university hopes to strengthen its tie
30、 with the local community.promote 8Any experience，particularly the more difficult one，is essential to ones development and growth.important/vital 9The twin sisters were identical in appearance but quite the opposite in character.same (三)一词多义 10bitter adj.苦涩的；痛苦的；怨恨的；寒冷的，刺骨的 (1)Good medicine is bitte
31、r in the mouth.adj.苦涩的 (2)Losing the match was a bitter disappointment for the team.adj.痛苦的 (3)She is said to be very bitter about the unfair way she was treated.adj.怨恨的 (4)Outside，a bitter east wind was accompanied by the heavy snow.adj.寒冷的，刺骨的 11drop v(意外地)落下；降低，减少；遗漏，不予考虑 n滴；下降，减少；落差 (1)The climb
32、er slipped and dropped to his death.v.(意外地)落下 (2)According to the latest weather forecast，temperatures can drop to freezing at night.v.降低 (3)I have been dropped from the team because of injury.v.不予考虑 (4)A few drops of green food coloring were added to create a sense of environmental friendliness.n.滴
33、 (5)The result of the market research showed a sharp drop in profits.n.下降 (6)The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended， there was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.n.落差 .长难句理解 12 It also contains your spine cord， a massive collection of nerves conveying electric signals from the rest
34、of your body to your brain. 句式分析 本句为简单句，主干是 It also contains your spine cord。后面 a massive collection of nerves 是 spin cord 的同位语，后面 conveying electric signals.是现在分词短语作定语。 精美译文 它还包含脊髓， 一个巨大的神经集合， 将你身体其他部位的生物电信号传送到 你的大脑。 13 Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight， exc
35、ept for its natural curves. 句式分析 本句是主从复合句， 由连词while连接。 主句中的mean doing表示“意味着做”。 注意区别 mean to do，表示“打算做，意图做”。whiledoing 构成状语从句的省略，省略 了 you are。 except for 的含义为“除以外”，但是往往强调“排除整体中的部分”或 “美中不足之处”。 精美译文 正确的姿势意味着站着或坐着的同时保持脊柱笔直，除了保持它的自然曲线。 强化练强化练(二十三二十三) .七选五 A (2019 河北唐山二模) At the end of a long day，its all
36、too easy to take a hot shower，brush your teeth，and then jump into bed. 1 As it turns out， going to bed with wet hair isnt as harmless as you probably thought. The first negative result of sleeping with wet hair is purely cosmetic(美容) 2 lf you try to style your hair in the morning after sleeping on i
37、t wet，youre probably going to have trouble styling the resulting curliness(卷曲)，funny waves，and flat sides. When you wake up，youre probably going to have to re- wet it again to properly dry it and regain control. 3 Sleeping with wet hair does not immediately damage your hair， but it can certainly lea
38、d to hair breakage，because hair is weakest when wet. 4 First，you can swap your cotton pillowcases for silk ones.Silk has a much smoother surface，so you wont experience as much unfortunate breakage. Next，you can make sure to sleep with your hair down，instead of up in a tight ponytail.In addition，you
39、should replace your tight bands with a soft one that isnt going to roughly pull at night. 5 Dry oils and texturizing mousses(摩丝) are some of the best ways to ensure you dont wake up looking like a lion while protecting your precious hair from damage. Now that you know how bad sleeping with wet hair
40、is，make sure youre not making these hairstyle mistakes. AFinally，never skip out on applying product. BHere are some tips that can help dry any hair faster. CThis unnecessarily adds time to your morning routine. DIf you havent noticed，the ends of your hair tend to dry first. EYou cant predict how you
41、r wet hair is going to look in the morning. FBut have you ever thought about the risks of sleeping with wet hair? GIf you must sleep with wet hair，there are a few ways to minimize the damage. 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了晚上湿着头发睡觉所带来的麻烦，以及减少 伤害头发的方法。 1答案 F 解析 根据该空前一句“在漫长的一天结束后，洗个热水澡，刷牙，然后上床睡觉，这一切 都太容易了”和后一句“
42、事实证明， 湿着头发睡觉并不像你想象的那么无害”可知， F 项“但 你有没有想过湿着头发睡觉的风险？”符合题意。故选 F。 2答案 E 解析 根据该空前一句“湿着头发睡觉的第一个负面结果纯粹是美容”和后一句提到湿头发 所带来的麻烦可知，E 项“你无法预测你湿漉漉的头发在早上会是什么样子”符合题意。故 选 E。 3答案 C 解析 根据该空前一句“当你醒来的时候，你可能需要重新弄湿它，使它完全干燥，并重新 获得控制”可知，C 项“这不必要地增加了你早上打理自己的时间”符合题意。故选 C。 4答案 G 解析 根据该空后一句“首先， 把棉枕套换成丝绸枕套”以及下文中的“Next， you can ma
43、ke sure to sleep with your hair down， instead of up in a tight ponytail.(其次， 确保你睡觉的时候头发 是垂下来的)”可知，此处为湿着头发睡觉时可以减少伤害的几个方法。故选 G。 5答案 A 解析 根据该空后一句“干油和纹理摩丝是一些最好的方法，以确保你醒来看起来不像一头 狮子，同时保护你珍贵的头发不受损伤”可知，A 项“最后，千万不要忽略护发产品”符合 题意。故选 A。 B (2019 山东青岛二模) Anyone who knows me well would see me as an optimist. 6 This
44、 was the case for me on a particularly cold January day. I felt exhausted by the painful challenges I was dealing with in my personal life. 7 The gray sky blocked even a single ray of sunlight. About midway through the day，I left work to get some lunch.Still feeling negative，I noticed that the sun h
45、ad come out for a moment.I began to think about my negative attitude and reminded myself that I was responsible for choosing my state of mind. 8 Even though I reminded myself of this truth，I couldnt make the change. As I stopped at a red light，I looked at the car in front of mine.The personalized li
46、cense plate caught my eyeIt read “SUNZOUT”This brought an immediate smile to my face. 9 And in the midst of the longest，darkest，coldest winter，this in itself was a blessing.But then my eyes moved to the car that was next to the SUNZOUT vehicle.The license plate on that car read “GROUCH”This brought
47、more than a smile to my face as I laughed out loud! Seeing the two opposite license plates at that exact moment in time strengthened my previous recognition of my ability to choose my attitude. 10 I returned to work and share my story with several co- workers who responded with warm laughter at what
48、 I refer to as my “message from beyond”I learned that day that when were feeling too discouraged to bring ourselves out of an inactive state，relief is only a prayer away! AThe weather seemed to match my mood. BPessimists think the opposite way，however. CHowever，even optimists can temporarily lose ho
49、pe. DIt felt like a reminder that the sun was shining after all. EDo you think that the sunshine will spread throughout your life? FI felt my spirit lift as I made the decision to choose a positive attitude. GWhile I could not ignore the pain I was going through，I could choose to think positively. 语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己有一天情绪低落，当看到两个截然相反的个 性车牌时心情得到转变的故事。 6答案 C 解析 前一句说“任何了解我的人都会认为我是一个乐观主义者”，后一句又说“这是我在 一个特别寒冷的一月里遇到的事情”，此处需要一个承上启
