1、二二、观点态度题观点态度题 (2019 北京，C) The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they dont know.By next year，half of the calls we receive will be scams(欺诈)We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of too
2、ls， apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through.Unfortunately，its too little，too late.By the time these “solutions”(解决方案)become widely available，scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.In the near future，its not just going to be the number you see on your screen that w
3、ill be in doubt.Soon you will also question whether the voice youre hearing is actually real. Thats because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation(处理) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use.At this years I/O Conference，a company showed a ne
4、w voice technology able to produce such a convincing human- sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection. These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse.The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to d
5、o with amount than precision.A decade of data breaches(数据侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mothers name，and far more.Armed with this knowledge，theyre able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people.This means， for example， that
6、a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank tellers，tricking you into “confirming” your address，mothers name，and card number.Scammers follow money，so companies will be the worst hit.A lot of business is still done
7、over the phone，and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships.Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually. We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks.Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what
8、 is real.That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images，showing when and who they were made by，or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data- based communicationsusing apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp，which can be tied to your identity. Credibility is hard to
9、earn but easy to lose，and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out. 语篇解读 随着科技的发展，诈骗手段越来越多样，骚扰电话给人们带来了危害。 38How does the author feel about the solutions to the problem of robocalls? APanicked. BConfused. CEmbarrassed. DDisappointed. 答案 D 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Unfortunately，its too little，t
10、oo late.By the time these solutions(解决方案) become widely available，scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.”可知这些措施太少，也太晚，等到这些“解决方案”被广泛使用时，不法分子就会 转向更聪明的手段。 由此可推知， 作者对骚扰电话问题的解决方案感到很失望， 故 D 项正确。 39Taking advantage of the new technologies，scammers can . Aaim at victims precisely Bdamage databases ea
11、sily Cstart campaigns rapidly Dspread information widely 答案 A 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句“The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision.”可知， 骚扰电话让人头疼的原因是它能准确地获取受害人的信 息，故 A 项正确。 40What does the passage imply? AHonesty is the best policy. BTechnologies can be double- edged.
12、 CThere are more solutions than problems. DCredibility holds the key to development. 答案 B 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，新技术可以给人们带来便利，第三段论述了这一技术 让不法分子有了可乘之机，由此可知，技术是把双刃剑，故 B 项正确。 41Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? AWhere the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted BWho Is to Blame for the Pr
13、oblem of Robocalls CWhy Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous DHow Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology 答案 C 解析 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，首段介绍了越来越多的人拒接未知号码的电话的现象， 接下来着重阐述了这类电话给人们带来危害的原因，最后给出了解决方案，故 C 项最适合作 本文标题。 一、题型解读 所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者 的观点和态度一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、
14、悲观。 作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别 注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考生推断文章 作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法，或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。设问形 式常有： 1Whats the writers attitude towards.? 2What is the authors opinion on.? 3What does the author think/feel about.? 二、解题技巧“忠于措辞”定选项 1 文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于
15、修饰 词之中，注意文中作者或人物的措辞。 (1)正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。 (2)留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。 (3)结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推断。 (4)关注首段首尾句，推断文章主题，确定作者观点。 2要分清选项中的表示支持或肯定、中立、反对或否定的词语，再以此对照文章内容。下面 是一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语： (1)表示支持或肯定的词语 favorable 赞同的，有利的；positive 积极的，肯定的，确实的；supportive 支持的；a
16、pproval 赞成，正式批准；reasonable 合理的；enthusiastic 热情的等。 (2)表示反对或否定的词语 critical 批评的；negative 否定的，消极的；disapproval 不赞成；impractical 不实际的；radical 激进的；prejudiced 有成见的，偏颇的等。 (3)表示中立、客观的态度 objective 客观的；neutral 中立的； indifferent 漠然的 例如： 【真题感悟】 中第 38 题。 根据第一段中的“Unfortunately， its too little， too late.By the time th
17、ese solutions(解决方案) become widely available，scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.”可知这些措施太少，也太晚，等到这些“解决方案”被广泛使用时，不法分 子就会转向更聪明的手段。由此可推知，作者对骚扰电话问题的解决方案感到很失望，故 D 项正确。 A (2019 吉林三模) For the last few months, I have given up what was previously one of my favorite foods： beef.Eating less red meat an
18、d be healthier, better for the environment andsurprisingly to mereally easy to do so.Sometimes it seems like much of our food is stuck in a cycle of excessive(过度的) production and excessive 1consumption. Meat consumption today contributes to 4global warming and environmental degradation(退 化)Its 2esti
19、mated that 14.5% of global man- made greenhouse gas emission(排放) come from livestock(家畜)which is more than the contribution from all forms of transport.Beef production 5makes up 41% of those emissions. Last year, Brazil reported a 28% increase in Amazonian deforestation(森林采伐)80% of deforested land i
20、n Brazil is then used for cattle farming.Modern beef farming is also a huge drain(流干) on water resources. But it is possible to change.Reducing meat consumption is a growing trend,8driven by health and environmental considerations.A switch to a “healthy diet” as 6recommended by Harvard Medical Schoo
21、lwhich still includes eating meat，fish and eggswould reduce greenhouse gas emissions from food production by 36%.The Norwegian military announced it is switching a one- day to a one- week vegetarian diet in a move against global warming, while even in the US consumption of red- meat is falling. And
22、as for yours truly， I feel healthier， more active and by making my diet more varied I never feel like I am missing out on anything.Stopping eating beef has also had a knock- on effect on the rest of my diet，and I am eating less.Cattle and other livestock dont have to be environmentally harmful.Grass
23、- fed cattle need much smaller resource input.And as it has been shown, livestock, if managed properly, can even restore degraded land. In the longer term, as Bill Gates highlighted, there is also great potential for advance in fields like synthetic(合成) meat. And there are other more sources of effi
24、cient protein; like insects！ 9But in a world where more people are now dying from obesity than malnutrition(营养不良)when hundreds of millions of people still dont have enough to eat, we cant solve this problem by simply continuing to make “conventional” intensive farming more intensive. 语篇解读 本文主要讲了牛肉的消
25、费对于环境和健康的不利之处， 并呼吁人们减少红肉的消费。 1Why has the author given up eating beef? AIt is better for his health and global warming. BIt can prevent him from being obesity. CIt is better for both health and environment. DHe likes vegetarian diet very much. 答案 C 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Eating less red meat and be healt
26、hier, better for the environment andsurprisingly to mereally easy to do so.”可知，少吃牛肉对于健康和环境都 好。故选 C。 2What result does cattle farming lead to? AThe loss of deforestation. BThe great loss of water resources. CThe loss of man- made greenhouse. DThe loss of livestock. 答案 B 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“Last year，B
27、razil reported a 28% increase in Amazonian deforestation(森林采伐)80% of deforested land in Brazil is then used for cattle farming.Modern beef farming is also a huge drain(流干) on water resources.”可知，养牛造成大 量水资源的流失。故选 B。 3Whats the authors attitude towards raising some livestock in an environmental way? A
28、Negative. BDoubtful. CFavorable. DProtective. 答案 C 解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后三句“Cattle and other livestock dont have to be environmentally harmful.Grass- fed cattle need much smaller resource input.And as it has been shown, livestock, if managed properly, can even restore degraded land.”可知， 如果管理得当，畜 牧养殖甚至可以
29、恢复退化的土地，可见作者是持支持态度的。故选 C。 4In Bill Gates opinion, we can get efficient protein by . Araising more insects Braising more cattle Cdeveloping man- made meat Ddeveloping intensive farming 答案 C 解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“In the longer term, as Bill Gates highlighted, there is also great potential for advance in
30、fields like synthetic(合成) meat.”可知，从长远来看，在合成 肉等领域也有很大的发展潜力。故选 C。 B (2019 广西南宁二模) A new study shows that when teachers participate in a training program focused on prosocial(亲社会的) classroom behavior，their students are better able to control their emotions， and that children who can regulate emotions
31、are more likely to be academically successful. 10For the study，which appears in Prevention Science，researchers looked at more than 100 teachers and 1,817 students from kindergarten to third grade to see if teachers could support students emotional and behavioral growth through the Incredible Years T
32、eacher Classroom Management(IYTCM) program. The program uses videos and training sessions，along with role- playing and coaching，to help teachers learn management skills such as using behavior- specific praise，building positive relationships with students，and considering how to reduce poor behavior.T
33、eachers in the training group increased 3interactions with students by 64 percent compared with 53 percent for teachers in the control group without the training. “Emotional regulation is the ability to recognize what behavior is 7appropriate in the present situation， ” says Wendy Reinke， professor
34、in the College of Education at the University of Missouri.“For example， a student might have difficulty controlling the feeling of anger if he or she becomes annoyed with another student.But under this program，the teacher encourages them to move to a different spot in the classroom，effectively teach
35、ing them that sometimes stepping away and taking a break is a good way to calm down and manage that feeling.” After one school year of using the program in classrooms，students improved their social ability and ability to regulate their emotions.These improvements resulted in an increase in the tests
36、 for students in Incredible Years classrooms vs.students in control classrooms.And this classroom management approach can help reduce the risk of struggling learners early on，which could help prevent more accumulative support that needs in a childs future. 语篇解读 本文是一篇科普文，介绍了一个新的教师培训项目。参与了该项目的老师在教学 过程
37、中能更有效地帮助孩子们控制他们的情绪。 5What do the teachers do in the IYTCM program? ALearn how to identify poor behavior. BOffer the researchers advice on emotional control. CTake care of kids from kindergarten to third grade. DApply different ways to learning how to manage kids. 答案 D 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The program u
38、ses videos and training sessions，along with role- playing and coaching，to help teachers learn management skills.”可知答案为 D。 6What do Wendy Reinkes words suggest in Para.4? ANow it is hard for students to control their anger. BA calm manner is an effective way to handle problems. CFew can realize their
39、 behavior is unfit for a situation. DThe program will show how to handle troublesome kids. 答案 B 解析 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句中的“the teacher encourages them to move to a different spot in the classroom，effectively teaching them that sometimes stepping away and taking a break is a good way to calm down and manag
40、e that feeling.”可以推出答案为 B。 7What is the authors attitude towards the training program? APositive. BNegative. CSubjective. DIndifferent. 答案 A 解析 推理判断题。根据全文及第一段中的“.their students are better able to control their emotions，and that children who can regulate emotions are more likely to be academically su
41、ccessful.”可推知答案为 A。 8What can we learn from the last paragraph? AStudy results of the program are entirely unexpected. BThe program advances the students academic performance. CStudents in control classrooms can better control their emotions. DStudents change their bad behavior shortly through the p
42、rogram. 答案 B 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“These improvements resulted in an increase in the tests for students in Incredible Years classroom vs.students in control classrooms.”可推出答案为 B。 .障碍词汇突破 (一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思 1They found that more on- demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and deskto
43、p computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.(2018 全国)n消耗 2Scientists estimate that smoking reduces life expectancy by around 12 years on average.v.估算 3Even if you have hundreds of reasons to contact your friends via QQ or WeChat，one reason is enough to make you turn off your smartphones or table
44、ts to have a face- to- face interaction. n.相互交流 (二)同义词语替换 4A lack of a global law means scientists can clone humans in countries where the ban does not exist.worldwide 5Computers make up 5% of the countrys commercial electricity consumption.account for 6The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend
45、s that adults and children should eat a variety of fruit and vegetables to help them achieve and maintain a healthy weight.suggests/advises 7The appropriate attitude volunteers should possess is to behave decently.proper (三)一词多义 8drive v驾驶；驱使；迫使；击，敲 (1)Curiosity drives us through our lives so that w
46、e never stop wondering about the things beyond our knowledge.驱使 (2)With one blow，he drove the nail into the wall.击，敲 (3)He drove along for several miles before he spotted anyone.驾驶 .长难句理解 9But in a world where more people are now dying from obesity than malnutrition(营养不 良)when hundreds of millions o
47、f people still dont have enough to eat，we cant solve this problem by simply continuing to make “conventional” intensive farming more intensive. 句式分析 本句主句为 we cant solve this problem， in a world 是地点状语， 后面 where 引 导的是定语从句，修饰先行词 world；when 引导的是时间状语从句，表示 dying from obesity than malnutrition 发生的时间。 by si
48、mply continuing.作方式状语。 精美译文 但是在这个世界，死于肥胖的人数比死于营养不良的人数还多，与此同时，数 亿人还没有足够的食物吃，现在我们不能仅仅通过继续使“传统”的集约化农业更加集约化 来解决这个问题。 10For the study，which appears in Prevention Science，researchers looked at more than 100 teachers and 1,817 students from kindergarten to third grade to see if teachers could support stude
49、nts emotional and behavioral growth through the Incredible Years Teacher Classroom Management(IYTCM) program. 句式分析 本句是一个主从复合句。researchers looked at more than 100 teachers and 1,817 students from kindergarten to third grade 为主句。 which 引导的是定语从句， 修饰先行词 study。 to see 作的是目的状语； 后面的 if 引导的是宾语从句。through the Incredible Years Teacher Classroom Management (IYTCM) program 是介词短语作状语。 精美译文 为了这项出现在预防科学上的研究，研究人员观察了 100 多名教师和 1 817 名从幼儿园
