高三英语 语法填空与短文改错 第一部分 题型解读 题型一 语法填空

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1、 第一部分第一部分 题型解读题型解读 题型一题型一 语法填空语法填空 考向一 有提示词 一、提示词为动词 动词在 7 个提示词中所占的比重最大,一般 4 个;以考查动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词以 及词形转换为主。 1谓语和非谓语的判断 根据英语的句法结构,如果一个句子中要出现多个动作,构成的句式有以下三种: 典例 1 Modern methods 63.of/for tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid- 1980s,and are expensive 64 (perform) consist

2、ently over a large area.(2019 全国) to perform 空格前出现了谓语动词 are,且后边没有连词出现,故此处用非谓语动词;本句 含有“主语beadj.不定式”结构,通常用不定式的主动形式表被动意义。故答案为 to perform。 典例 2 I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 66 (make) over the years.(2019 全国) have made 由第二个连词 and 可知,此处为两个并列句。故空处应填谓语动词,根据时间 状语 over the yea

3、rs 可知,空处应用现在完成时,故答案为 have made。 2谓语动词的时态和语态 判断所填空处为谓语动词之后,根据以下三个步骤做题: 典例 3 In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a 66.belief that populations are increasing.(2019 全国) have reported 根据上下文语境,尤其是时间状语 In recent years 可知,主

4、句用现在完成时 态,故填 have reported。 典例 4 Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene 64 (declare) she had no plans 65.to retire from her 36- year- old business.(2019 全国) declared 根据上下文可知,该句主语为 Irene,此处为谓语成分,根据后文 had 可知用一般 过去时态,故填 declared。 典例 5 On the last day of our week- long stay, we 69 (inv

5、ite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,70.listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.(2019 全国) were invited 由“On the last day of our week- long stay”可知,句子时态为一般过去时。根据 句意知我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会, 所以用被动语态。 主语为 we, 故填 were invited。 3非谓语动词 典例 6 On our wa

6、y to the house,it was raining 61.so hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take 62 (get) there.(2019 全国) to get 此处考查“It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.”这一句型结构,表示“某人花费多长时 间做某事”。 典例 7 When we got a call 68 (say) she was short- listed,we thought it was 69.a joke. (2019 全国) saying call 与

7、 say 是主动关系,故用现在分词形式 saying 作后置定语,解释名词 call 的内 容。 二、提示词为名词 一般考查名词单复数;有时也考名词变动词和名词变形容词。所以平时要注意结合构词法进 行积累。 典例 8 We are so proud of her.Its 70 (wonder)(2019 全国) wonderful 根据句子结构可知,在系动词 is 之后用形容词形式作表语,故填 wonderful。 典例 9 No matter what you like to do,there is a way to get involved in various 6 (activity)

8、on Earth Day.(2019 北京) activities 根据设空前的修饰词 various 可知,此处要用名词的复数形式。故填 activities。 三、提示词为形容词或副词 典例 10 It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 (poor) studied.(2019 全国) poorly 根据句意和结构分析可知,此处应用副词 poorly 修饰谓语动词 studied,意为“研究 很少”。故填 poorly。 典例 11 S

9、cientists have responded by 67.noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68 (high) than they actually are.(2019 全国) higher 根据其后 than they actually are 可知,此处为形容词的比较级,故填 higher。 四、提示词为代词 一般考查人称代词变为物主代词,主格变为宾格,有时也考查人称代词变为反

10、身代词。 典例 12 Nervously 2.facing challenges,I know I will whisper to 3 (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”(2019 北京) myself 本句的主语是 I,当宾语与主语是同一人称时,宾语要用反身代词。故填 myself。 典例 13 When the gorillas and I frightened each other,I was just glad to find 68 (they) alive.(2018 全国) them 此处作 find 的宾语,所以用宾格 them。 考向二

11、 无提示词 一、填冠词 空格后有可数名词,或者有序数词、最高级等形式,一般是填冠词。 典例 1 Of 69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six 70.are stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data.(2019 全国) the 考查定冠词。此处为特指,意为“在已知的 19 个北极熊亚种群中”,故填 the。 典例 2 When we got a call 68.saying she was short- listed,we thou

12、ght it was 69 joke. (2019 全国) a 考查冠词用法。 根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑” 可知, 此处 joke 为泛指, 故填 a。 二、填介词 介词位于名词、名词词组、代词或动名词前;动词后面的固定搭配,需要强化记忆。 典例 3 We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 63 dogs,seven to be exact. (2019 全国) of 考查介词。固定短语 a pack of 意为“一群”。故填 of。 典例 4 First celebrated 5 1970,the Day now includ

13、es events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区)(2019 北京) in 表示“在(某年、某月等)”要用介词 in。故填 in。 三、填连词 1填并列连词:高频考点为 and,but,or 或 so,构成并列、转折、选择、因果关系。特别 注意 although/though 不与 but 连用。because 不能与 so 连用。 2填从句引导词: 当空格后为句子,而此句子又不与前面或后面的句子并列时,一般是填 从句引导词。定语从句要注意分析句子整体结构和从句缺少的成分;名词性从句要结合句意 和缺少的成分;状语从句注意主从句的逻辑关系。

14、典例5 While they are rare north of 88 , there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada.(2019 全国) that 考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知,主句为 there be 句型,且结构完整,空格 后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词 evidence 的内容,故填 that。 典例 6 I work not because I have to, 67 because I want to.(2019 全

15、国) but 考查连词。此处用 but 与前文 not 呼应,构成“不是而是”之意,故填 but。 四、填代词 当句子缺主语或宾语时,填代词:人称代词主格和宾格、指示代词或 it。因为充当主语或宾 语的应该是名词或代词,而在语法填空的纯空格中一般是不要求填名词的,所以只要句子缺 主语或宾语,就填代词。此时,要根据前后语境,看该空格是指人还是指物,指男还是指女, 是单数还是复数。除人称代词外,也可能填不定代词等。 典例7 If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as ot

16、her sports,so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.(2018 全国) it/running 此处号召我们尝试一下跑步,因此可以填名词 running,也可以用 it 指代。故填 it 或 running。 典例 8 Many westerners 57.that/who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58 can be to eat out.(2018 浙江) it 分析句子结构可知,不定式 to eat

17、out 是真正的主语,it 是形式主语。故填 it。 .语法填空有提示词专练 (2018 全国改编) According to a review of 1. (evident) in a medical journal,2. (run) live three years 3. (long) than non- runners.You dont have to run fast or for long 4. (see) the benefit.You may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of 5. (die) earl

18、y by running. While running 6. (regular) cant make you live forever,the review says it 7._(be) more effective at 8. (length) life than walking,cycling or swimming.Two of the 9. (author) of the review also made a study 10. (publish) in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running 11.

19、(reduce) the risk of heart disease and early 12. (die) from all 13. (cause) The 14. (good) exercise of all is one that you enjoy and will do.But otherwise.its 15. (probable) running.To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to 16. (strength) your leg muscles,avoid 17. (climb) hill

20、s and get good running shoes.Running is cheap,easy and its always 18. (energy)If you are time poor,you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other 19. (form) of sports,so perhaps running should 20. (give) a try. 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处,它可以帮助人们延年益寿。即使你 的时间不宽裕,每天跑步十分钟也能达到延长寿命的效果

21、。 1答案 evidence 解析 考查形容词变名词。介词 of 后缺少宾语,故填 evident 的名词形式 evidence。 2答案 runners 解析 考查动词变名词。此处缺少主语,另外谓语动词 live 用的是动词原形,所以动词变名 词后,需用复数形式。 3答案 longer 解析 考查副词的比较等级。句中的 than 是比较级的标志,故填 long 的比较级 longer。 4答案 to see 解析 考查非谓语动词之动词不定式。此句意为“你不必跑得很快,也不必跑很长时间就会 见到效果”,此处不定式短语 to see the benefit 作目的状语。 5答案 dying 解析

22、 考查非谓语动词之动名词。介词 of 后接动词时要用其动名词形式。 6答案 regularly 解析 考查副词。提示词为形容词,设空处修饰 run 这一动作,故用副词修饰动词。 7答案 is 解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知,这里用一般现在时,主语 it 是第三人称 单数形式,故谓语动词用 is。 8答案 lengthening 解析 考查名词变动词。因为后面有宾语 life,所以此处应该用动词。又因为前面有介词 at, 所以需要用动词的 v.- ing 形式。long 变成动词和名词都属于不规则变化,需要牢记。long adj. 长的,length n长度,lengthen v延

23、长。 9答案 authors 解析 考查名词的单复数。根据语境 two of 可知,后面应用名词的复数形式。 10答案 published 解析 考查非谓语动词。 前面已经出现谓语动词 made, 后面没有并列连词, 没有从句引导词, 所以动词只能用非谓语形式。publish 和前面的名词 study 构成被动关系,所以用过去分词 published。 11答案 reduced 解析 考查时态。showed 后面是一个宾语从句。宾语从句的时态要跟前面的动词保持一致, 所以要用一般过去时 reduced。 12答案 deaths 解析 考查动词变名词。设空处和 heart disease 为 a

24、nd 连接的两个并列成分,再结合其前面 的形容词 early 可知,此处应该填名词。death 表示“死亡”,是可数名词,所以用复数形式。 13答案 causes 解析 考查名词复数。cause 表示“原因,起因”时是可数名词,前面有 all,故填 cause 的复 数形式。 14答案 best 解析 考查形容词最高级。由前面的定冠词 the 和后面的 of all 可确定用形容词的最高级。 15答案 probably 解析 考查形容词变副词。此处是副词修饰整个句子,故答案为 probably。以辅音字母le 结尾的形容词变副词时,直接把 e 变成 y。如 possible 变为 possib

25、ly。 16答案 strengthen 解析 考查词性转换之名词变动词。此处不定式短语作目的状语,故填 strength 的动词形式 strengthen。 17答案 climbing 解析 考查非谓语动词。avoid 后面需要加 v.- ing 作宾语。 18答案 energetic 解析 考查词性转换之名词变形容词。连系动词 is 后接形容词作表语,故填 energy 的形容词 形式 energetic。 19答案 forms 解析 考查名词单复数。other 后面需要加名词复数。 20答案 be given 解析 考查时态和语态。情态动词 should 后要跟动词原形,且 running

26、 和 give a try 之间为被 动关系,故填 should be given。 .语法填空无提示词专练(每空限一词) (2018 全国改编) Im not sure 21. is more frightened,me 22. the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.Im walking 23. a path in the forest in the Central African Republic 24. , unexpectedly, I meet the gorilla,25. begins screa

27、ming at 26. top of her lungs.27. makes her baby scream,and then a 400- pound male appears.He screams 28. loudest of all.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats 29. chest and charges toward me.I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes 30. he doesnt feel chal

28、lenged. My name is Mireya Mayor,a scientist 31. job is to study animals such as apes and monkeys.I was searching 32. these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.No one had seen them for hours,33. made my colleagues and I worried. When the gorillas and I frightened each other,I was just gl

29、ad to find 34. alive.True to a gorillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal meant me no real harm.35. saying: “Im king of this forest,and here is your reminder!”,he wanted to deliver his message.After that,he allowed me to stay and watch. 语篇解读 本文为记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在丛林里偶遇大猩猩的惊险历程。 21答案 who/which 解析 考查宾语从

30、句的引导词。句意为:我不确定谁(哪一个)更害怕,是我还是那只不知从 哪里突然冒出来的雌猩猩。 22答案 or 解析 考查连词。连接两个并列的名词,并且表示选择关系,所以用 or。 23答案 on 解析 考查介词。在道路上行走,用介词 on。 24答案 when 解析 考查连词。此处引导时间状语从句,从句谓语是一个短暂性动作,故用 when。 25答案 who/which 解析 考查定语从句的关系词。定语从句修饰先行词 the gorilla,所以用 who/which 引导。 26答案 the 解析 考查冠词。at the top of ones lungs 用尽量大的声音,放声大叫,为固定搭

31、配。 27答案 That 解析 考查代词。that 指代上文中雄性黑猩猩大声吼叫的这件事,同名同物,所以用 That。 28答案 the 解析 考查冠词。最高级前面用定冠词 the。 29答案 his 解析 考查代词。此处名词 chest 前缺形容词性物主代词,对它起修饰作用,再联系上下文 可知,此处应填 his。 30答案 so 解析 考查连词。句意为:我迅速矮下身,低下头来,不直视他的眼睛,这样他就不会感觉 到被挑战。表因果关系,所以填 so。 31答案 whose 解析 考查定语从句的关系词。job 和 scientist 之间为所属关系,所以填 whose。 32答案 for 解析 考

32、查介词。search for 寻找,为固定搭配。 33答案 which 解析 考查非限制性定语从句。先行词是主句整句话,关系词在从句中作主语,表示“这一 点”“这件事”,所以用 which。 34答案 them 解析 考查代词之人称代词。分析句子结构可知,此处要用代词作 find 的宾语,故要用人称 代词的宾格,指代上文的猩猩们。 35答案 By 解析 考查介词。by doing 在此作方式状语。 强化练强化练(一一) A (2019 山西太原五中检测) Although not everyone will have pondered(思索) the subject while staring

33、 out of the window during 1. flight,the question as to why aeroplanes have circular windows rather than square ones is interesting. Over the years, aerospace engineering 2. (make) huge leaps in aeroplane technology, meaning planes can carry more passengers and go 3. (fast)The planes have also change

34、d shape to increase safetyincluding the windows. In the 1950s 4. jetliners(喷气式客机) were starting to become mainstream,the De Havilland Comet came 5. fashion.With a pressurised cabin,it was able to go higher and faster than other aircraft. 6 ,the plane had square windows and in 1953 two planes fell ap

35、art in the air,7. (kill) 56 people in total. What caused the 8. (crash)? The windows. 9 theres a corner,theres a weak spot.Windows,having four corners, have four potential weak spots,making them likely to crash under stresssuch as air pressure. By curving the window,the stress that would 10. (eventu

36、al) crack the window corner is distributed and the likelihood of its breaking is reduced. 语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。 虽然不是每个人都会在飞行时盯着窗外思考这个问题, 但“飞机 的窗户为什么是圆形而不是方形”这个问题确实很有趣。文章讲述了飞机窗户是如何改进的。 1答案 a 解析 考查不定冠词。 句意为: 虽然不是每个人都会在飞行时盯着窗外思考这个问题, 但“飞 机为什么有圆形窗户而不是方形窗户”这个问题很有趣。此处用不定冠词来表示一类事情, 故答案为 a。 2答案 has made 解析 考查时态。根据

37、 Over the years 可知,句子用现在完成时态,且主语是 aerospace engineering,为第三人称单数形式,故答案为 has made。 3答案 faster 解析 考查比较级。此处 and 连接两个并列成分,根据 and 前的 more passengers 可知,此处 用比较级,故答案为 faster。 4答案 when 解析 考查定语从句。句意为:20 世纪 50 年代,喷气式客机开始成为主流,哈维兰彗星型客 机成为时尚。此处 the 1950s 是先行词,在后面的定语从句中作时间状语从句,故答案为 when。 5答案 into 解析 考查固定词组。句意参考上题解

38、析。come into fashion 流行起来。故答案为 into。 6答案 However 解析 考查表示转折的副词。句意为:然而,这架飞机的窗户是方形的,1953 年,两架飞机 在空中解体,造成 56 人死亡。此句与上文构成一种转折关系,故答案为 However。 7答案 killing 解析 考查现在分词作结果状语。句意参考上题解析。此处是现在分词短语作结果状语,故 答案为 killing。 8答案 crashes 解析 考查名词复数。 句意为: 飞机坠毁的原因是什么?结合上文的“两架飞机在空中解体” 可知,此处的名词用复数形式,故答案为 crashes。 9答案 Where 解析 考

39、查地点状语从句。此处是 where 引导的地点状语从句。位于句首,首字母大写。故 答案为 Where。 10答案 eventually 解析 考查词性转换。此处 crack 是动词,应由副词修饰,故答案为 eventually。 B (2019 江西师大附中三模) The Future Life on Mars Compared with the life we 11. (live) on the earth now, the future life on Mars will be 12. (total) different. Firstly, without pollution on Mar

40、s, people will be able to drink cleaner water 13. breathe fresher air,so they will be 14. (health)The food on Mars will be different from 15._(we) food now.People will just take 16. (pill) and drink man- made juice instead of eating bread and meat.Secondly,people will travel back to the earth or to

41、other planets for sightseeing by spaceship.Additionally,there will be no 17. (fix) schools and classrooms.Children will just fly to 18. classroom 19. the school spaceships.And people wont work in factories or companies.They can stay at home,20. (work) with computers. 语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了未来火星上的生活。 11答案

42、 are living 解析 考查现在进行时。句意为:与我们现在地球上的生活相比较,未来火星上的生活将完 全不同。由 now 可知,本句为现在进行时。故填 are living。 12答案 totally 解析 考查副词。totally 为副词,修饰形容词 different。故填 totally。 13答案 and 解析 考查连词。分析句意可知,本句表示两个动作的并列,所以填连词 and。 14答案 healthier 解析 考查形容词比较级。由 cleaner,fresher 可知,空处填 healthy 的比较级 healthier。 15答案 our 解析 考查代词。分析句意可知,本句

43、在说明火星上的食物将不同于我们现在的食物,所以 空处应填形容词性物主代词来修饰 food。故填 our。 16答案 pills 解析 考查名词复数。句意为:人们将只吃药片,喝人造果汁,而不是吃面包和肉。take pills 吃药,其中 pill 为可数名词,其前无任何修饰词,所以用 pill 的复数 pills。 17答案 fixed 解析 考查形容词。句意为:此外,将没有固定的学校和教室。fixed 为形容词,修饰名词短 语 schools and classrooms。故填 fixed。 18答案 the 解析 考查冠词。句意为:孩子们将乘坐学校的宇宙飞船飞到教室。分析句子可知,本句特 指

44、教室,所以用定冠词 the。 19答案 in 解析 考查介词。in the school spaceships 乘宇宙飞船。in 在内部。 20答案 working 解析 考查现在分词。分析句子可知,they 与 work 在逻辑上是主动关系,所以用现在分词 短语作伴随状语。故填 working。 C (2019 安徽合肥六中最后一卷) Cold Food Day, which honors Jie Zitui, a hermit(隐士) who lived some 2600 years ago, used to be observed 21. (wide),but today few Ch

45、inese observe it except on and around the mountain on 22. the hermit lived. Jie Zitui served 23. an advisor to Chonger,a prince in the state of Jin.A civil war forced the prince 24. (leave) Jin and Jie Zitui followed him.25. ,when Chonger returned and became the ruler of Jin, his followers were rewa

46、rded with money, land and official jobs 26. Jie Zitui was overlooked. So Jie Zitui chose the life of a hermit on Mt.Mian,where he took care of his elderly mother.Chongers men set fire to Mt.Mian to drive him out of 27. mountain and then rewarded him.But Jie and his mother refused and were burned to

47、death.Out of 28. (sad), Chonger declared Cold Food Day in honor of him.It 29. (celebrate) for centuries in China until 30. (replace) by the more popular Tomb Sweeping Festival,which begins the day after. 语篇解读 本文属于说明文,介绍了寒食节的由来。 21答案 widely 解析 考查词性转换。修饰动词 observed 用副词,故用 widely“广泛地”。 22答案 which 解析 考查

48、定语从句。分析句子结构可知,“on the hermit lived”为定语从句修饰 先行词 mountain,从句缺 on 的宾语,故用关系代词 which。 23答案 as 解析 考查介词。serve as“充当”,故用 as。 24答案 to leave 解析 考查非谓语动词。force sb.to do sth.强迫某人做某事,故用 to leave。 25答案 However 解析 考查副词。分析前后句可知,前一句讲述重耳被迫离开晋国,后一句讲返回晋国后重 耳成了统治者,前后表示转折,故用副词 However。 26答案 while 解析 考查状语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知,本句描述介子推与其他人的对比,故用 while。 27答案 the 解析 考查定冠词。根据前文“So Jie Zitui chose the

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