1、三三、写作意图题写作意图题 (2019 天津，D) Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old.Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune.A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning， and he has often been in prison.Driven by heaven- knows- what motives，he determines
2、 to write a book. The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years.That former prisoner was Cervantes， and the book was Don Quixote( 堂吉诃德 ) And the story poses an interesting question：why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，
3、while others go to seed long before? Weve all known people who run out of steam before they reach lifes halfway mark.Im not talking about those who fail to get to the top.We cant all get there.Im talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes
4、and opinions that all too often come with passing years. Most of us，in fact，progressively narrow the variety of our lives.We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it.Nothing surprises us.We lose our sense of wonder.But， if we are willing to learn，the opportunities are eve
5、rywhere. The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills.We learn to bear with the things we cant change.We learn to avoid self- pity.We learn that however much we try to please，some people are never going to love usan idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing. Wit
6、h high motivation and enthusiasm，we can keep on learning.Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life.However， we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos(自我)， whether to loved ones， to fellow humans，to work，or to some mo
7、ral concept. Many of us equate(视等同于) “commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing.But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment.People who work toward such excellencewhether they are driving a truck，or running a storemake the world better j
8、ust by being the kind of people they are.Theyve learned lifes most valuable lesson. 语篇解读 本文从西班牙文学巨匠塞万提斯讲起，告诉我们不论身处哪个年龄阶段，只要有 目标，并且愿意学习，就可能取得成功。 51The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that . Aloss of freedom stimulates ones creativity Bage is not a barrier to achieving ones goal Cmi
9、sery inspires a man to fight against his fate Ddisability cannot stop a mans pursuit of success 答案 B 解析 推理判断题。根据第一、二段内容可知，塞万提斯成年后生活坎坷，但他决心写一本 书，结果这本书畅销了 350 多年，有些人直到生命的最后时刻都在发现新的活力和创意。由 此可推知，作者以塞万提斯的故事开头是为了告诉我们年龄不是实现目标的障碍。 52What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean? AEnd ones strug
10、gle for liberty. BWaste ones energy taking risks. CMiss the opportunity to succeed. DLose the interest to continue learning. 答案 D 解析 词义猜测题。根据语境并结合画线短语所在句可知，人们在还没到达人生的终点之前 就失去了继续学习的兴趣。故选 D 项。 53What could be inferred from Paragraph 4? AThose who dare to try often get themselves trapped. BThose who te
11、nd to think back can hardly go ahead. COpportunity favors those with a curious mind. DOpportunity awaits those with a cautious mind. 答案 C 解析 推理判断题。 通读第四段可知， 该段是说我们中大多数人总是减少自己生活的多样性， 困在自己的专业领域，没有什么能给我们带来惊喜，但是只要我们愿意学，到处都是机会。 据此可推知，机会青睐有求知欲的人。 54What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5? AA
12、 tough man can tolerate suffering. BA wise man can live without self- pity. CA man should try to satisfy people around him. DA man should learn suitable ways to deal with life. 答案 D 解析 推理判断题。通读第五段可知，该段说到我们成熟之后学会忍受自己改变不了的事， 学会避免自我哀怜；知道有些人是我们无论怎么做都讨好不了的，而这种想法最初会困扰我 们，但最终我们会感到释然。由此可知，作者在第五段想告诉我们应该学会用合适
13、的方式对 待生活，因此选 D。 55What is the authors purpose in writing the passage? ATo provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life. BTo stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work. CTo state the importance of generating motivation for learning. DTo suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our
14、lifelong career. 答案 A 解析 写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文通过塞万提斯的经历告诉我们要让自己成年的生活 充满意义。 一、题型解读 各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的/意图题。设问形式常有： 1整篇文章的写作目的/意图： (1)The writer writes this passage in order to . (2)The purpose of the text is to . (3)What is the main purpose of the passage? (4)The writer of the story wants/intends to tell us
15、 that . 2某处细节的写作目的/意图： (1)The writer uses.in the first paragraph to . (2)The writer uses the example of.to . (3)The author writes the last paragraph in order to . 二、解题技巧 1文体特点推意图 (1)记叙文：一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有 的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开的。 (2)应用文：文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍，使用具有明显支持倾向的语言。 (3)说明文：推断作者的写作目的在于对文章主旨
16、的把握，阅读时需要找准主题句。 (4)议论文：提出论点进行论证得出结论，作者的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中。 2看写作手法找答案 (1)在文章开头提出问题或介绍与主题有关的其他事物时，答案中往往会含有 to bring in/to introduce the topic 等字眼。 (2)举例或引用某人的话时答案中往往会含有 to support/to show.。 例如： 【真题感悟】中的第 55 题，文章为议论文，讲述了要想成功，就要不断学习，这样生 活才有意义。故作者写作本文是为了指导我们过上有意义的成年人生活，故选 A。 A (2019 宁夏银川质检) Endless queues and
17、 long waits at the ticket inspection desks at Chinas major train stations were 1signature of the Spring Festival travel rush before this year.Every year，as the countrys biggest national holiday 2unfolded，a huge flow of travelers would leave staff at the check- in desks facing a 3dilemma. 10But with
18、the installment(安装) of artificial intelligence(AI) in dozens of train stations this year，including a facial recognition system which is able to process passenger identification within five seconds and therefore speed up the waiting process，busy scenes started to become something of the past. When a
19、passenger approaches the camera inside the facial recognition system at the station，it scans his face and then quickly compares it with the photograph shown on his identification card in real time.If the information matches，the barrier gates will open and allow the passenger to go through. Such use
20、of facial recognition technology is 4in line with discussions heard at the recent two sessions meeting，a key annual political event，which 6focused on the widespread application of a security network named Tianwang (“Sky Net” in English)，7currently being used by Chinas public security department. The
21、 network，according to reports by the Peoples Daily，has the potential to recognize the facial features of anyone in the world and 9match them on the spot with photographs on a database of criminal suspects.In fact，it can analyze photographic identity so quickly that it can scan every single Chinese f
22、ace on the planet in just one second，and it would only take two seconds to scan every face in the world，with an accuracy rate of up to 99.8 percent. Those are just two examples that 5highlight the development of Chinese visual AI technology，which industry insiders predict could contribute to powerfu
23、l growth in the global technology sector this year. 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。随着人工智能AI在数十个火车站的应用，面部识别系统能 够在 5 秒内处理乘客的身份识别，从而减少了等待过程，使春运和国庆等长假期间车站繁忙 的场景逐渐成为过去。 1Whats the authors purpose in writing the first paragraph? ATo introduce the following topic of the passage. BTo describe the Spring Festival. CTo inform
24、 readers of the development of China. DTo explain the dilemma of the staff. 答案 A 解析 写作意图题。第一段描述了以往春运和国庆假期期间各大车站大量拥堵的场面，为进 一步提出本文的话题“人工智能，尤其是面部识别系统的应用，大大加快了人员流动速度， 从而解决了拥堵问题”做铺垫，故选 A。 2Whats the solution to the Spring Festival travel rush? AUsing artificial intelligence. BOpening more barrier gates.
25、CLimiting the number of passengers. DIncreasing more staff at the check- in desks. 答案 A 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段“But with the installment(安装) of artificial intelligence(AI) in dozens of train stations this year， .and therefore speed up the waiting process.”可知， 使用人工 智能解决了春运拥堵问题，故选 A。 3What can we know about fa
26、cial recognition technology? AIts application leads to a heated discussion. BIts application is useless to policemen. CIts operating speed is not yet high enough. DIts accuracy rate is very high. 答案 D 解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，面部识别系统可以在一秒钟内扫描地球上 的每一张中国人的脸，而扫描世界上的每一张脸只需要两秒钟，准确率高达 99.8%，故选 D。 4Whats the
27、authors attitude towards Chinese visual AI technology? ADepressed. BPositive. CDoubtful. DIndifferent. 答案 B 解析 观点态度题。 通读全文， 根据作者重点突出中国的视觉人工智能技术发展的两个例子， 以及最后一段“.which industry insiders predict could contribute to powerful growth in the global technology sector this year.”可知，作者对中国的视觉人工智能技术持有积极态度，故 选 B
28、。 B According to the Guinness Book of World Records，a Sitka Spruce(西加云杉)，growing on New Zealands southernmost island，is the loneliest tree on Earth.Not only is it the only tree on Campbell Island，but the nearest other tree can be found over 200 km away on the Auckland Islands. Campbell Island is one
29、 of the harshest places in the world.11With strong winds blowing almost all year round and less than 600 hours of sunshine，its not exactly a good place to live in，which is probably why，except for occasional visits by research scientists，it has remained deserted for over half a century. It is believe
30、d that the Sitka Spruce on Campbell Island was planted by Lord Ranfurly， a former governor of New Zealand，sometime between 1901 and 1907.Its not clear why he decided to plant there， but according to some sources， he thought the island was not productive， so he took the first step to cover it with fo
31、rest.His idea was never going to work because of the harsh climate of the area，but somehow the Sitka Spruce survived. 8Apart from its reputation as the loneliest tree on Earth，the Sitka Spruce of Campbell Island has a series of other particularities.First of all，its shape makes it look more like a g
32、iant cauliflower(花椰菜) than a tree.This is believed to have been caused by repeatedly cutting down its trunk every year，for decades.Another interesting thing about the worlds loneliest tree is that， though it is over 100 years old，it has never produced cones(球果)，which suggests the tree has remained i
33、n a permanently young state. Who knew a lonely tree growing 200 km away from its nearest cousins could be so interesting? 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上最孤独的树。 5What does the underlined word “harshest” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? ALoneliest. BRarest. CHottest. DSeverest. 答案 D 解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段的“With strong wi
34、nds blowing almost all year round and less than 600 hours of sunshine，its not exactly a good place to live in”可知，这里全年都有强风， 年均日照时长不足 600 小时，不太适合生存。由此推知画线词意为“最剧烈的，最严峻的”。 故选 D。 6What can be learned about Lord Ranfurly? AHe was a governor for ten years. BHe made Campbell Island productive. CHe attempted
35、 to get Campbell Island forested. DHe realized the Sitka Spruce could survive in New Zealand. 答案 C 解析 推理判断题。 根据第三段的“but according to some sources， he thought the island was not productive， so he took the first step to cover it with forest”可知， 他试图让坎贝尔岛被森林覆盖。 故选 C。 7Paragraph 4 is mainly about of the
36、Sitka Spruce. Athe unique shape Bthe special features Cthe high reputation Dthe growth process 答案 B 解析 段落大意题。根据第四段第一句“Apart from its reputation as the loneliest tree on Earth， the Sitka Spruce of Campbell Island has a series of other particularities.”可知，第四段主要介绍 了这棵西加云杉的特点。故选 B。 8What is the purpose
37、of the text? ATo introduce the loneliest tree in the world. BTo promote tourism on Campbell Island. CTo emphasize the importance of forestry. DTo honour Lord Ranfurly. 答案 A 解析 写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了世界上最孤独的树。故选 A。 .障碍词汇突破 (一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思 1Bright colors are his brothers signature.鲜明特色；明显特征 2The a
38、udience watched as the story unfolded before their eyes.展开 3He was faced with the dilemma of whether or not to return to his team.(进退两难的)困境，窘境 4What happened is in line with Darwins theory of evolution.与一致 5Instead，she uses her performances and music videos as a platform to highlight the issues she
39、cares about.使显著，强调 (二)同义词语替换 6The performances will focus on the theme of “harmonious society and harmonious life” center/concentrate on 7An investigation into this trend of online shopping is currently underway.now 8Apart from providing entertainment，the website also turns out to be a helpful learn
40、ing tool. Besides/Aside from (三)一词多义 9match n比赛；对手；相配的人/物；火柴 v相配；满足 (1)However sly(狡诈的) a fox may be，it is no match for a good hunter.n.对手 (2)Jo and Ian are a perfect match for each other and they get along so well.n.相配的人/物 (3)The goal that decided the match came just before the interval.n.比赛 (4)Inv
41、estment in hospitals is needed now to match the future needs of the country.v.满足 (5)She matched the carpet with some very nice curtains in color.v.相配 (6)To make a campfire，you can start with striking a match.n.火柴 .长难句理解 10But with the installment(安装) of artificial intelligence(AI) in dozens of train
42、 stations this year， inclu- ding a facial recognition system which is able to process passenger identification within five seconds and therefore speed up the waiting process，busy scenes started to become something of the past. 句式分析 本句为主从复合句，其中主句为 busy scenes started to become something of the past。w
43、ith the installment 是介词短语作原因状语。which 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 a facial recognition system。 精美译文 但随着今年数十个火车站安装了人工智能(AI)，包括一个面部识别系统，该系 统能够在 5 秒内处理乘客身份，从而减少等待的过程。车站繁忙的场景开始成为过去。 11 With strong winds blowing almost all year round and less than 600 hours of sunshine， its not exactly a good place to live in，which is p
44、robably why，except for occasional visits by research scientists，it has remained deserted for over half a century. 句式分析 本句是主从复合句。主句为 its not exactly a good place to live in。With strong winds blowing almost all year round 是 with 的复合结构，作状语。which 引导非限制性定语从 句，其中 why 引导表语从句。在该表语从句中，for over half a century
45、 是现在完成时的标志， 所以后面用 has remained。 精美译文 这里几乎全年都刮强风，日照时间不足 600 个小时，完全不是一个适合居住的 地方，这可能就是除了研究科学家偶尔造访外，它已经荒芜了半个多世纪的原因。 强化练强化练(十五十五) .阅读理解 A (2019 东北三省三校联考) British people work some of the longest hours in Europe，but are among the least productive.Now some companies are shortening the working week to increa
46、se efficiency，health and happiness. Rich Leigh has introduced a four- day week at his PR company.In fact，his entire company has Friday off，because his firm has adopted a four- day week.It is one of a handful of UK businesses that now operate like this：staff still get paid their previous five- day sa
47、lary，but they work a day less.The company found that they achieved just as muchand there were even signs of growth.“The key to the schemes success，” Leigh says，“is how happy our employees now are.” The average British worker takes only a 34 minute lunch break and works 10 hours overtime each week (m
48、ore often than not，this is unpaid)Yet UK productivity falls seriously behind their European neighbors，who tend to work fewer hours. British working practices have caused loss and damage to the nations health and happiness.More than half a million workers in the UK were signed off with work- related
49、stress or anxiety last year.Moreover，the work landscape itself is changing.Automation and AI will have a significant impact on the labor market，where unstable work becomes more common. Britain is the only EU member that allows workers to ignore the EU working time limit and work longer hours.For campaigners，now is the time for a change.OGrady，an advocate，argues that where businesses have increased their p
