1、精准培优专练2020届高三好教育精准培优专练培优点十一 阅读理解-词义猜测题一、真题在线Passage1（2019全国I卷，B）For Canaan Elementarys second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day, and right now its Chris Palaezs turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public spe
2、aking.But hes nervous. “Im here to tell you today why you should should”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “Vote for me ”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When
3、 he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.A son of immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回想起)how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathro
4、om.Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student，” Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language，to feel confident enough to say，I dont know，but
5、 I want to know.”Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in p
6、ublic. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities,” Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”24. What made Chris nervous？A. Telling a story.B. Making a speech.C. Taking a test.D. Answ
7、ering a question.25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Improper pauses.B. Bad manners.C. Spelling mistakes.D. Silly jokes.26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaleys project is to _.A. help students see their own strengthsB. assess students public speaking skillsC.
8、 prepare students for their future jobsD. inspire students love for politics27. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?A. Humorous.B. Ambitious.C. Caring.D. Demanding.【答案】24. B 25. A 26. A 27. C【文章大意】本文属于记叙文，讲述Thomas Whaley为了帮助学生学英语以及树立信心专门开展了一个演讲课程。【解析】24.细节理解题。根据第一段today is spee
9、ch day和本段最后一句with shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kids who would enjoy public speaking以及第二段第一句But hes nervous.可知Chris是因为做演讲紧张，故选B。25.词义猜测题。根据第二段 “Im here to tell you today why you shouldshould”和“Vote forme”可知，Chris有些结巴，停顿得不准，故选A。26.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Whaley says the project is about more than
10、 just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves以及最后一段 “boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,” Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”可知，这个课程不仅仅教孩子阅读以及公共演讲，还要让孩子学会夸耀自己，而夸耀自己对于那些进入教室没
11、有信心的学生来说很困难，故可知，Whaley老师这么做是为了帮助学生认识自己的优势增加信心，故选A。27.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.和最后一段He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves
12、可知，当他有一天问学生认为自己当不了总统请举手的时候，想到了一个想法，这个课程就是帮助学生树立自己的信心，故可以看出这位老师很关心学生的成长。humorous 幽默的；ambitious 有雄心壮志的；caring 关心的；demanding要求高的。故选C。Passage2（2019全国新课标II，B）“You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers，then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a re
13、quest for volunteers for my kids lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.I guess that theres probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four k
14、ids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids arent even on At this point the unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright. Yes, Ill do it.”Im secretly relieved because I know theres real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the
15、meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out slic
16、ed oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the commun
17、ity(社区)as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.In that sense, Im pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than Id freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really
18、matter where my motivation lies?24. What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph l？A. She knows little about the club.B. She isnt good at sports.C. She just doesnt want to volunteer.D. Shes unable to meet her schedule.25. What does the underlined phrase“tug at the heartstrings”in p
19、aragraph 2 mean ?A. Encourage team work.B. Appeal to feeling.C. Promote good deeds.D. Provide advice.26. What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3?A. She gets interested in lacrosse.B. She is proud of her kids.C. Shell work for another season.D. She becomes a good helper.27. Why does the a
20、uthor like doing volunteer work?A. It gives her a sense of duty.B. It makes her very happy.C. It enables her to work hard.D. It brings her material rewards.【答案】24. C 25. B 26. D 27. B【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文中讲述了作者成功说服了一个家长参加志愿者团队，作为一名志愿者作者发挥了自己的作用，并获得了快乐。【解析】24.推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的 You can use me as a last res
21、ort（选择）, and if nobody else volunteers，then I will do it.可知，你可以当我是最后的候选人，如果没有其他的志愿者，那么我就做。由此可推断出，她不想做自愿者。故选C。25.词义猜测题。根据划线前句she may just need a little persuading和下面的一句话I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids arent even on .可知
22、，作者为了劝服这位家长，举了两个例子。故可知，划线句此处应是“煽情”之意。故选B。26.细节理解题。根据第三段中这位家长做出的贡献及the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team可知，她最终成为了志愿者队伍中的重要的一员，也就是说，她成了一个好帮手。故选D。27.细节理解题。题干问作者为什么喜欢做志愿者工作。根据第四段最后两句Connecting to the community（社区）as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provid
23、es a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.可知，为社区做贡献可以带来真正的快乐， 参加志愿者活动活动能让人感觉快乐。故选B。Passage3（2019全国新课标III，B）For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative. “Its no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers,” s
24、ays Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows.Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, wit
25、h the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学)on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.“China is impossible to overlook,” says Hill. “Chinese
26、models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion they are central to its movement.“Of course, only are todays top Western designers being influenced by China-some of the best designers of co
27、ntemporary fashion are themselves Chinese.”Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobsand beating them hands down in design and sales,” adds Hil.For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. “The most famous design
28、ers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers,” she says. “China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about Chinaits influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and
29、models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.”24. What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?A. It promoted the sales of artworks.B. It attracted a large number of visitors.C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes.D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models.25. What does Hill say about Chinese
30、 women?A. They are setting the fashion.B. They start many fashion campaigns.C. They admire super models.D. They do business all over the world.26. What do the underlined words“taking on” in paragraph 4 mean?A. learning fromB. looking down onC. working withD. competing against27. What can be a suitab
31、le title for the text?A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the WorldB. A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New YorkC. Differences Between Eastern and Western AestheticsD. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends【答案】24. B 25. A 26. D 27. D【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了中国文化对世界时尚届的影响，中国年轻的设计师和模特如何最终在许多方面被认
32、可。中国成了世界时尚的风向标。【解析】24.细节理解题。答案定位在第三段The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.此次展览吸引参观者人数创下了记录，显示出人们对中国影响的浓厚兴趣。由此可知，纽约的展览吸引了许多参观者，故选B。25.细节理解题。答案定位在第四段Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over
33、 the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashionthey are central to its movement.中国模特是向全世界女性推销梦想的美和时尚活动的代言人，这意味着中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者她们是这场运动的核心。由此可知，Hill说中国女性开创了新时尚，故选A。26.词义猜测题。下文and beating them hands down in design and sales并在设计和销售上击败他们。由此推断出Vera Wang、Alexander Wang和Jason Wu正在与Gal
34、liano、Albaz和 Mare Jacobs竞争。taking on意思是“竞争”，故选D。27.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段china and its culture have long been an inspiration for western creations中国和中国文化一直以来就是西方创作的灵感。以及最后一段If you talk about fashion today , you are talking about China its influences , its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young de
35、signers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.如果你今天谈论时尚，你谈论的是中国它的影响，它的方向，它令人惊叹的服装，以及年轻的设计师和模特如何最终在许多方面被认可。结合全文内容，可知这篇文章最恰当的题目是“中国文化助力国际时尚潮流”，故选D。Passage4（2019江苏卷，B）In the 1960s，while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park，Bob Christiansen became puzzled about som
36、ething that，oddly，had not troubled anyone before:he couldnt find the parks volcano. It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature thats what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features. But Christiansen couldnt find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.Most of
37、 us，when we talk about volcanoes，think of the classic cone(圆锥体)shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro，which are created when erupting magma(岩浆)piles up. These can form remarkably quickly. In 1943，a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the confus
38、ed owner of a cone five hundred feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more thanhalf a mile across. Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth，all but a few hundred of them extinct. There is，however，a second less known type of vo
39、lcano that doesnt involve mountain building. These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack，leaving behind a vast hole，the caldera. Yellowstone obviously was of this second type，but Christiansen couldnt find the caldera anywhere.Just at this time NASA decided to test som
40、e new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors centers. As soon as Christiansen saw the photos，he realized why he had failed to
41、spot the caldera; almost the whole park2.2 million acreswas caldera. The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles acrossmuch too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to hum
42、ans.58. What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone？A. Its complicated geographical features.B. Its ever-lasting influence on tourism.C. The mysterious history of the park.D. The exact location of the volcano.59. What does the second-paragraph mainly talk about？A. The shapes of volcan
43、oes.B. The impacts of volcanoes.C. The activities of volcanoes.D. The heights of volcanoes.60. What does the underlined word “blow-up” in the last paragraph most probably mean？A. Hot-air balloon.B. Digital camera.C. Big photograph.D. Birds view.【答案】58. D 59. A 60. C【文章大意】本文为记叙文。讲述了二十世纪六十年代Bob Christ
44、iansen在研究黄石公园的火山历史时，奇怪地发现到处看不到火山的影子，原来，这儿的火山并不是像我们大部分人想象的那种圆锥体形状的高耸的样子，而是一个巨大的洞，这个洞太大了以至于从地面上的任何地方都看不见。【解析】58.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句But Christiansen couldnt find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.可知，他困惑的是到处看不到火山。故选D。59.主旨大意题。本段讲述了两种形状的火山，一种是通常人们所理解的由火山岩浆堆积形成的圆锥体，还有一种极具爆发力的火山，它们会在一个大裂缝中爆裂，留下一个巨大的洞，故选A。60.词义猜
45、测题。根据第三段第一句Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors centers.可知，美国国家航空和宇宙航行局为测试一些
46、新的高海拔照相机而拍摄了黄石公园的照片。一位深思熟虑的官员把其中的一些照片副本转交给了公园管理部门，认为他们可能会将其放大以供一个游客中心展示。故可知，此处意为将照片放大，选C。二、对点专练Passage1I visited Elba last June, joining Mary and John on a bicycling vacation. They made the arrangements for the car, hotel and bicycles. I studied the history of the island, which of course particularl
47、y features Napoleon.Napoleon (now I know) picked Elba as a place for peace when he was forced to give up the throne (王权) as Emperor of France in 1814. Far from being a prison island, Elba is beautiful with towering mountains, thick forests and sweeping bays and beaches.It is also an island filled wi
48、th treasure. Very early on this island, locals discovered rich deposits of iron. Soon outsiders, too, discovered the iron and 150 other valuable minerals on this little piece of land. Long before Etruscans and other Greeks set foot on it, Dorians had moved in by the tenth century B. C. and were mining the island. The Romans ruled next, obtaining the minerals and building grand houses overlooking the sea. From the twelfth century until the nineteenth, the island was traded back and fo
