1、 2019 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲 （英语）中有关听力的要求：要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取具体的、事实性信息；（3）对所听内容做出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。【解读】 考 试 大 纲 听 力 测 试 部 分 要 求 考 生 能 听 懂 有 关 日 常 生 活 中 所 熟 悉 话 题 的 简 短 独 白 和 对 话 。 考生应具备：1. 了解事实与细节(如时间、地点、数据等 )的能力；2. 揭示对话或独白的主要意义的能力；3. 明确说话人的语气与意图的能力；4. 辨认人物的角色和关系的能力；5. 分析人物的态度和感受
2、的能力；6. 简单地进行逻辑推理与判断的能力。高考英语听力测试的题型、题材、考查点及应试技巧一、 试题的题型特点听力部分分为两节：第一节共 5 小题，第二节共 15 小题。考生将听到 5 段简短的对话(一般为一问一答的形式) 和 5 段较长的对话或独白，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出最佳选项。第一节的 5 个小题主要考查考生理解简单的事实性信息和进行简单的推理判断和计算的能力；第二节主要考查考生对材料的整体理解能力，要求考生理解对话或独白的主旨、要义，获取事实性的具体信息，对对话的背景、说话者之间的关系等能作出简单的推理判断，理解说话者的意图、观点或态度等。 二、试题的题材特点高考的听力材料多样
3、化，其内容主要涉及日常生活、文化教育、风土人情、时事、人物和科普常识等方面。常见的关于日常生活的话题有：就餐、问候、邀请、约会、购物、通知、问路、打电话、旅游、住宿、谈论天气、询问时间、寻求/提供帮助、安排、病痛、看法、自然灾害、新闻报道等。 2018 年新课标全国卷 I英语听力材料话题明细Text TOPIC Text TOPICText 1 讨论看过的电影 Text 6 讨论学习课程Text 2 订票 Text 7 讨论住宿宾馆Text 3 问火车出发时间 Text 8 讨论去看音乐会Text 4 问对方出行方式 Text 9 讨论住宿条件Text 5 双方关系 Text 10 教育改编了
4、他的生活三、高考听力考查的知识点和应试技巧(一) 时间数字题此类试题，主要考查考生根据读音辨认时间、数字的能力以及了解多个数据之间的关系并进行计算的能力。对话中出现的数字有可能是价格、日期、时间、数量、年龄、门牌号等。常见设问方式：What time is it now?/When will the train leave?/Whats the price of?/How long?/ How much doescost? /How many?等。解题的关键是听清并记录对话中的数字与相关运算信息。具体步骤是在听到数字后立即将其记下或在选项中找到，并在旁边记录相关信息；熟知各个数字之间的关系，然
5、后根据提问快速运用相应的加减乘除运算得出正确答案。(二)对话场景题此类试题主要考查有关地点的信息，要求考生判断对话发生的地点。有些地点是对话中直接提到的，有些是需要根据对话的内容来判断的, 还有的是两者兼而有之。常见对话场景：学校(教室) 、医院(诊所)、机场、车站、餐馆、商店、图书馆、书店、邮局、警察局等。常 见 设 问 方 式 ： Where does the conversation most probably take place?/Where are the two speakers?/Where does the man(woman) work?/Where is the man
6、going?等 。1. 仔细辨认对话中的相关词。2. 抓住对话中表示空间关系的介词或介词短语，它们多与地点和方向有关。如 at a hotel, in the post office, at the hospital, at a restaurant, in the library, in the bank, at the airport 等。3. 注意对话中的声东击西和顺序干扰的现象。(三)人物关系及身份题此类题的选项一般为表示职业或身份的名词或由两个名词构成的表示人物关系的并列词组。对话中不会直接提到某人的职业或关系，通常只用一些相关词作为暗示。主要考查考生能否根据对话内容、说话者的语气及
7、态度等判断说话人之间的关系或说话人的职业、身份。常考查的人物关系：师生、朋友、夫妻、父女、母子、同事、同学、邻居、老板与职员、医生与病人、司机与乘客等。常 见 设 问 方 式 ： Who are the speakers?/ Whats the probable relationship between the two speakers?等 。常考查的人物职业：医生、工人、教师、司机、秘书、服务员、售货员、图书管理员、警察、工作人员、作家、经理、学生等。常见设问方式：What is the mans (womans) job(occupation, profession)?/ What is
8、the persons probable job?/ Who is the woman(man) speaking to?/ Whats the profession of the man?/ Who is the woman most probably speaking to?/ Who is the speaker?/ What is his(her) job?/ What does he(she) do?1. 熟悉常见的职业相关词，抓住了这些与说话人职业相关的词，也就等于抓住了关键词。2. 通过关键词并结合对话的语气判断说话人的身份和关系。(四)观点态度题此类题要求考生根据对话者说话的语
9、音、语调、语气以及谈话内容，判断出说话者对某人、某事物的看法或态度。常见设问方式：What does the man(woman) say about/think of?/How does the man(woman) feel about/like?/Whats the mans(womans) opinion about/What is the mans(womans) attitude toward the conversation?/How does the man(woman) feel?/The mans(womans) feeling toward the subject can
10、 be best described as等。1. 语音语调。英语中，语调主要有升调、降调两种，降调 (尤其是在一般疑问句和反意疑问句中)通常表示说话人的态度是肯定、赞同的，而升调(特别是在陈述句或特殊疑问句中) 表示对事物的怀疑、惊讶或否定。2. 提示词和关键词。考生可以根据一些提示性的语言或相关的词语进行判断，如 I think, It seems to me that, As far as Im concerned, I could say, It is/ sounds true that.。同时还要注意表示否定、转折和虚拟等含义的指示词。3. 从字里行间判断。四、高考听力提分策略及临场
11、解题指导(一)提分策略1. 培养正确的语音和语言基础技能(1)加强 48 个音素的训练； (2)加强单词辨音训练；(3)加强跟读与朗读训练，培养好的语感。2. 加强日常词汇和语法等基础知识的学习(1)扩大词汇量；(2)提高语法意识。(二)临场解题指导1. 调节情绪，保持良好的心理状态2. 读题预览预测，变被动为主动(1)预 览 ： 拿 到 试 卷 ， 在 填 涂 完 姓 名 及 准 考 证 号 后 的 剩 余 时 间 预 览 ； 在 播 放 试 音 小 乐 曲 及 试 音 材 料 时 预 览 ； 在 介 绍 第 一 节 试 题 的 做 法 时 预 览 ； 在 每 段 对 话 或 独 白 播 放
12、 前 的 5 秒 钟 时 间 预 览 。(2)预测根据题目中的语言信息预测；抓住关键词预测。3. 抓大放小，紧盯关键词句通常只要捕捉到关键的词句就能找出问题的答案，不要盲目地逐词逐句地听。4. 熟悉听力常见词汇，形成思维定势，对症下药高考英语听力的设疑方式是相对稳定的。比如说，常在故事情境发生的主要要素上设疑。一般来说，特定场景的用语和关键词是基本固定的，考生在平时的训练中应多加留意。5. 多感官协调，把握速记要领，增加得分空间考生在平时训练时，要养成多感官协调运作的好习惯，学会用自己熟悉的符号速记材料中提到的年、月、日、星期、钟点、年龄、距离、价格等关键信息，并在脑海中及时换算。6. 学会放
13、弃，避难就易，不放过任何可得分高考英语属于能力选拔型考试，考生不一定能顺利完成所有的题目。再加之英语听力的语速、语音、语调的特点，在交际中出现的连读、爆破、辅音浊化等一系列语言现象以及材料中可能涉及到的语法，如部分否定、虚拟语气、表示转折、让步等的特殊句型和情态动词的特殊用法等，使得一部分考生应接不暇，难以听懂，这是很正常的。遇到这种情况，考生要学会放弃，避难就易，不放过任何可得分。典例 (2018新课标全国卷 I)第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 30 分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节 （共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分
14、 7.5 分）听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt? A. 19. 15. B. 9. 18. C. 9. 15.答案是 C。1.What will James do tomorrow ?A. Watch a TV program. B. Give a talk. C. Write a report.2.What can we say about the woman? A. Shes generous. B
15、. Shes curious. C. Shes helpful.3.When does the train leave?A. At 6:30. B. At 8:30. C. At 10:30.4.How does the woman go to work?A. By car. B. On foot. C. By bike. 5.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Classmates. B. Teacher and student. C. Doctor and patient.第二节（共 15 小题；每小题 1.5
16、 分，满分 22.5 分）听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。6.What does the woman regret?A. Giving up her research.B. Dropping out of college.C. Changing her major. 7.What is the woman interested in studying now?A
17、. Ecology. B. Education. C. Chemistry. 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。8.What is the man? A.A hotel manager. B.A tour guide. C.A taxi driver.9.What is the man doing for the woman?A. Looking for some local foods.B. Showing her around the seaside.C. Offering information about a hotel.听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。10.Wher
18、e does the conversation probably take place?A. In an office. B. At home C. At a restaurant.11.What will the speakers do tomorrow evening?A. Go to a concert. B. Visit a friend. C. Work extra hours.12.Who is Alice going to call? A. Mike . B. Joan. C. Catherine .听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。13.Why does the w
19、oman meet the man?A. To look at an apartment.B. To deliver some furniture.C. To have a meal together.14.What does the woman like about the carpet?A. Its color. B. Its design. C. Its quality .15.What does the man say about the kitchen?A. Its a good size. B. Its newly painted. C. Its adequately equipp
20、ed .16.What will the woman probably do next?A. Go downtown. B. Talk with her friend. C. Make payment .听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。17.Who is the speaker probably talking to?A. Movie fans. B. News reporters. C. College students .18.When did the speaker take English classes?A. Before he left his hometown.B
21、. After he came to America.C. When he was 15 years old.19.How does the speaker feel about his teacher?A. Hes proud. B. Hes sympathetic. C. Hes grateful .20.What does the speaker mainly talk about ?A. How education shaped his life.B. How his language skills improved.C. How he managed his business wel
22、l.听力材料Example:M: Excuse me, can you tell me how much the shirt is?W: Yes, its nine-fifteen.Text 1W: James, youve been watching TV for the whole evening. Whats on?M: Its a science program on the origin of the universe. Ill give a presentation on it in my class tomorrow.Text 2M: Hello, do you have “Th
23、e Best of Mozart“?W: Um, sorry, weve just sold out. But we can order one for you. If you give us your number, well call you when the CD arrives.Text 3W: Wd better be going now, or well be late for the train.M: No rush. Its 8:30 now. We still have two hours.Text 5W: Hi, Andy. I didnt see you in Profe
24、ssor Smiths class yesterday. What happened?M: Well, I had a headache. So, I called him and asked for sick leave.听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。Text 6W: The biggest mistake I made, uh.was leaving college in my last year and not completing my education. So, I, thinking of going back to school.M: School? To study
25、what?W: Ecology. Im interested in the relationship between humans and nature.M: Cool. Is it what you studied years ago?M: No, I majored in chemistry then.听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。Text 7M: Good morning, madam. I am your guide for this trip.W: How lovely! Could you tell me about the hotel Im going to stay a
26、t?M: Yes, of course. The Grand Hotel opened in 1990. And it sits on the seaside along the South Coast Highway. It is the most beautiful hotel here.W: That sounds great.M: And there are some restaurants outside. So, at dinnertime, youd have a lot fo choices.W: Thats really nice. I like to have some l
27、ocal foods while traveling. What about the scenery around it?M: The hotel has the best views of the Pacific Ocean.W: Oh, I think I will love this hotel.听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。Text 9W: Hi, Ive only just arrived.M: Oh, good. Now,here are the keys. Lets go in. There are two apart
28、ments. The one for rent is on the right. Do come in.W: Thank you. I like the carpet. The color is nice, isnt it?M: Yes, and this apartment is in good condition. Here is your lounge.W: Where would we eat?M: There is this corner here, or you can use your kitchen. Come and see.听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。T
29、ext 10Thank you very much. Thank you, Dr. Johnson. Well, it is really great to be back at university again. The thing that I wanted to tell you today is this: Education is important. When I came to the US, I was only thinking about being a carpenter, but I could not read the newspaper. And I could n
30、ot understand the news on television or movies or anything like this. So, I entered the city college to take English classes for foreign students. I was very proud that I was going to a college because no one in my family ever went to any college or to any university. You know, when youre 15 years o
31、ld in my country, you finish school and then you learn a trade. And thats exactly what I did. When I was 15 years old, I learned how to be a carpenter. A year later, I came to America. Luckily, I met a very good teacher who encouraged me to take some math classes, business classes, and history class
32、es, and I became a full-time college student. And today, when I look back, Im so happy because you never know where life will take you. All of a sudden, I started making money because I was really good at math. You know, how work out everything with math is so important. This is something that I learned when I started my own business, which is doing really well.
