1、Lesson 4 Understanding ObjectivesTo practise using linking and reference words to help understand a text.To practise using adverbs.Pre-Reading1 Which of these things help you to understand things?1) being relaxed and happy 2) having time to think about what you are learning3) being interested in the
2、 topic4) discussing topics with friends5) memorizing things6) having a clear visual explanation2 Read the extracts from Sophies World by Jostein Gaarder. Which strategy from Exercise 1 does the philosopher use to help Sophie understand what philosophy is about?Starategy 6- having a clear visual expl
3、anation. (He uses the image of a rabbit coming out of a magicians hat.) 3 Which of the underlined linking words in the text mean the same as these?Example as = whenafterwards, however, in fact, since, so they can, therefore, to start with, when, whileafterward/later; however/but; in fact/actually ;
4、since/because; so they can/in order to; therefore/so; to start with/at first; when/as; while/asReadingTrue of False1Sophie is a girl who like philosophy.2In order to make Sophie understand the mystery of the universe, the philosopher used a image.3Sophies mother understood her daughter totally, but
5、she is not interested in that at all.4Sophies mother tries to stop her daughter to think about these questions.Answers: TTFTAnswer these questions.1) Does Sophie enjoy reading the letters? How do you know?Yes, because she hoped to find a letter from him in the mailbox.2) What image does the philosop
6、her use to explain the mystery of the universe?an image of a rabbit coming out of a magicians hat3) What was Sophies reaction to what she had read?She thought a lot about what he had said.4) What did she do when her mother got home?She started to ask her questions.5) How did her mother react?Her mot
7、her was surprised and thought her questions were strange.Post-ReadingMatch the images from the philosophers letter with things from the real world.1) the white rabbit a) philosophers2) people trying to look into the magicians eyes b) young people3) people deep in the rabbits fur c) the universe4) pe
8、ople at the end of the rabbits hair d) many adultsAnswers: 1 c 2 a 3 d 4 bVocabulary: AdverbsFind these adverbs in the text.very, seriously, fast, naturally, always, later, really, hard, usuallyNow put them in groups that:1) describe the way something is done(e.g. She got up slowly.)seriously/fast/n
9、aturally/hard2) describe when or how often something is done (e.g. I often wade up at 8 oclock.)always/later/usually3) we use with adjectives or other adverbs(e.g. That book is extremely good.)very/really副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。一、副词的位置：1） 在动词之前。2） 在 be 动词、助动词之后。 3） 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。注意：a. 大多数方式副词位
10、于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。 We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.b. 方式副词 well，badly 糟、坏，hard 等只放在句尾。He speaks English well.二、副词的排列顺序：1） 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。2） 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用 and 或 but 等连词连接。Please write slowly and carefully.3） 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+ 方式+时间副词。注意：副词 very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。改错：(
11、错) I very like English.(对) I like English very much.注意：副词 enough 要放在形容词的后面，形容词 enough 放在名词前后都可。I dont know him well enough.There is enough food for everyone to eat.There is food enough for everyone to eat.Complete the sentences with the adverbs in brackets in the correct place.1) Im interested in re
12、ading. (very)Im very interested in reading.2) I think before I choose a new book. (carefully)I think carefully before I choose a new book.3) I read about two books a month. (usually)I usually read about two books a month.4) People say I read. (fast)People say I read fast.5) The last one I read was g
13、ood. (really)The last one I read was really good.6) I read before I go to sleep. (always)I always read before I go to sleep.Language points:1She felt her heart beating fast as she opened the mailbox.她打开信箱时感到自己的心跳得很快。feel 后面可以跟各种复合结构。如：I could feel a gentle breeze brushing my face, which was so nice.
14、我能感到一阵微风拂面，惬意极了。Never before had he felt himself so powerfully attracted by these scientific ideas.他如此倾心于这些科学思想，这是他过去从未有过的感觉。We felt the house shake.He suddenly felt himself a person of great importance.2It is like watching a magic trick.这好像在看一场魔术表演。句型 It is like+名词（动名词）的意思是 “像，好像”。如：It is like the
15、sound of a baby crying.好像是婴儿啼哭声。It is like swimming in the air.让人感觉好像是在云里雾里。3In the case of the rabbit, we know the magician has tricked us. 变兔子这种，我们明白是魔术师在耍把戏。in the case of 在某种情况下。如：Poverty depressed most people; in the case of my father it was otherwise. 贫穷击垮了许多人，但我父亲的情况却不是这样。Janes bad results we
16、re partly due to illness, but in the case of John, no such excuse is possible. 简成绩不好，部分原因是由于她生病，但就约翰的情况而言，这样的理由却不能成立。4But when it comes to the world and life, it is very different. 但说到世界和生命，情况就不一样了。come to 谈到，涉及到。如：When it comes to mathematics, I am completely at sea. 说到数学，我就晕了。If it comes to buildi
17、ng, Austins are the firm you should trust. 谈到建筑，奥斯汀公司是可信赖的。5 “Well, isnt it? More or less, anyway”. “难道不是吗？多少是这样的。 ”more or less 多多少少，或多或少。 如：Its an hours journey, more or less. 大约是一小时的路程。The work is more or less finished. 工作差不多要完成了。6 What on earth are you talking about? 你究竟在说些什么？on earth 究竟，到底。这个短语
18、经常用在特殊疑问句中，以加强其语气。Where on earth can he be? 他究竟到哪里去了？Who on earth did this? 7Totally dim, in other words. 换句话说，完全是愚钝的。in other words 换句话说。 如：I soon found that the work I was doing had already been done by someone else- in other words, I was wasting my time.我很快发觉我正在进行的工作已经有人做过了，换句话说，我在浪费时间。8All right
19、. Ill put it another way. 好吧，让我来换个说法，put 表达,叙述，说明。如：She is-how shall I put it?-not exactly fat, but rather well-built.我怎么说呢？她不算胖，但身体相当结实。His ideas were cleverly put at the meeting.他在会上巧妙地表达了自己的想法。Homework1 Reread the text and try to remember these new words and expressions.2WritingIf you are Sophie, what will you do facing the same thing. Are you also interested in philosophy? Write a passage to express your own ideas .(about 100 words)
