1、85语法复习十五：形容词和副词比较级和最高级及其使用形容词的比较级和最高级说 明 例 词一般情况 加 er, est smaller,smallest以 e 结尾 加 r,st larger,largest单音节词和少数多音节的形容词，加词尾 er ,est以“ 辅音字母+y “结尾的词改 y 为 i，再加er,est busier,busiest重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写末尾辅音字母，加 er,est fatter,fattest以 ow,er 结尾的双音节词 加 er ,est narrower,narrowest cleverer,clevest多数双音节和多音节的词 加
2、more most more beautiful, most important 副词的比较级和最高级1大多数以 ly 结尾的副词前加 more 和 most 来构成比较级和最高级。2少数单音节副词，加 er,est 构成其比较级和最高级 。几个特殊的形容词和副词原级 比较级 最高级good ,well better bestbad, ill, badly worse worstmany ,much more mostlittle less leastfar farther, further farthest,furtherold older, elder oldest, eldest比较级和
3、最高级的常用句型 名称 句型 例句相等 as 原形 as (as 原形+ 名词 as ) The train travels as fast as the 3:55 train. He has not as much money as his friend.不及 not as(so) 原形 as (not asso +名词+ 原形 as ) She is not as (so)beautiful as her sister.比较级+ than Health is more important than wealth.超越 the +比较级 +of the two 两 He is the tal
4、ler of the two.86者中较 的一个用于否定 no +比较级+than 和一样不 He is no richer than I. 他和我一样不富有。用于否定 最不过 His work couldnt be worse. 他的工作再糟糕不过了。程度递增 er and er，more and more+多音节词原级 (越来越) higher and higher more and more important 两种情况同时变化the +比较级， the+比较级 （越，越）The quicker you get ready, the sooner well be able to leav
5、e.三者或三者以上比较the +最高级+of/in+比较范围 （之中最）Of all things in the world, people are the precious.比较级结构的修饰语1用于原级之前：almost, nearly, just, exactly, quite, half , twice,three times , a third,etc.John is almost as tall as you.The river is three times as long as that one.We have a third as many students as we had
6、last term.2用于比较级前many, a few (用于“more +可数名词“前) It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane.a lot, much , a bit, even, a little , still, a great deal, far, rather, two years, ten percent,three times etc.Its cold this year, but its even colder last year.We produced 6% more grain this y
7、ear than we did last year.3用于形容词和最高级前the very , much the ,by far the ,the first/secondThis hat is by far the largest in the world.Gold is the very most valuable of all materials .位置与功能高考重点要求1掌握形容词、副词比较级、最高级的常用句型及用法2掌握形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级修饰语及倍数的比较表达。3注意多外形容词修饰同一名词的前后顺序。4分清常用同义与近义形容词在表达中的语义差别。此项语法内容从 199
8、1 年到达 2001 年间共出现 45 次（包括上海题） ，可见其重要。形容词作用与位置1定语。 在名词前做定语，为最常见用法。请注意多个形容词（含其它起形容词作用的词）做前置定语的顺序。“县官行令杀国才。 “这一句就概述了形容词顺序问题。即：限（冠词物主代词、指示代词 数词等）观 （描绘） 形（大小、形状等） 龄 （年龄、87新旧等）色（色彩）国（国籍、出处等）材（材料、功用等）an interesting English film a heavy black Chinese silk umbrella做后置定语。修饰由不定代词 no ,any, some ，every 和 one,thin
9、g 等构成的复合词或形容词短语。2表语。一定要注意系动词的出现情况。这是一个高考热点问题。常见系动词有：be 变化系词： become, get ,turn, grow, go保持系词： keep ,remain, stay感观系词： look, smell , taste, feel, sound,appear , seem ,prove etc.3.形容词作状语，表状况、原因、结果等。这也是应注意的一点。He went to bed , cold and hungry. 4.做宾补。N：某些以 a 开始的形容词只做表语，不做定语。afraid, alike, alone, asleep ,
10、awake，alive某些表身体健康状况的形容词只能做表语,不做定语well, ill faint某些以-ly 结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。friendly, lively, lovely, lonely, likely, deadly, orderly 等。复合形容词的形式问题。an 800-meter-wide river an English-speaking country a middle-aged man副词位置1）时间副词和地点副词一般放于句尾。如同时出现，则地点副词在前。They went boating in Zhongshan Park yesterday.2)表频率的时间
11、副词是高考的热点always, seldom, often, never, rarely, usually 等，通常放于行为动词之前，be 词、情态动词和助动词之 后。He is always telling lies,so I will never believe him.3)程度副词一般放在被修饰词之前（但 enough 除外）He is very young ,so he is not old enough to go to school.N:有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以 ly 结尾，但它们的含义是不同的。closely-close nearly-near freely-
12、free deeply-deep highly-high widely-wide 等。以 ly 结尾的词表较为抽象的含义，而与形容词同形的副词则表较为具体的概念。He is highly praised for what he has done. (高度地)He can see a bird is flying high in the sky.（飞得高，具有可见性）练习、形容词和副词高考题选：1. John has three sisters. Mary is the _ of the three. A. most cleverest B. more clever C. cleverest D
13、. cleverer2. The students are_ young people between the age of sixteen and twenty. A. most B. almost C. mostly D. at most3. She told us _story that we all forgot about the time. 88A. such an interesting B. such interesting aC. so an interesting D. a so interesting4. It is impossible for so_ workers
14、to do so work in a single day. A. few, much B. few, many C. little, much D. little, many5. The horse is getting old and cant run _ it did. A. as faster as B. so fast than C. so fast as D. as fast as6. The story sounds_ .A. to be true B. as true C. being true D. true7. Id been expecting _ letters the
15、 whole morning, but there werent _ for me. A. some; any B. many; a few C. some; one D. a few; none8. This year they have produced _ grain _ they did last year. A. as less; as B. as few; as C. less; than D. fewer; than9. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced _ tractors in 1988
16、as the year before. A. as twice many B. as many twiceC. twice as many D. twice many as10. The pianos in the other shop will be , but_ . A. cheaper; not as better B. more cheaper; not as betterC. cheaper; not as good D. more cheap; not as good11. -Can I help you?-Well, Im afraid the box is_ heavy for
17、 you, but thank you all the same. A. so B. much C. very D. too12.-Excuse me, is this Mr. Browns office?-Im sorry, but Mr. Brown _ works here. He left about three weeks ago. A. not now B. no more C. not still D. no longer13. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with _ money
18、and _ people. A. less; less B. fewer; fewer C. less; fewer D. fewer; less14. Oh, John. _ you gave me! A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surpriseC. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise15. -How did you find your visit to museum?-I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was _ than I expected.
19、 A. far more interesting B. even much interestingC. so more interesting D. a lot much interesting16. Canada is larger than _ country in Asia. A. any B. any other C. other D. another17. Those oranges taste_ . A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well18. The experiment was _ easier than we had expec
20、ted. A. more B. much more C. much D. more much19. _ food youve cooked! A. How a nice B. What a niceC. How nice D. What nice20. Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it. 89A. there B. where C. there where D. where there21. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes_ . A. open B. to be opene
21、d C. to open D. opening22. -Are you feeling _?-Yes, I m fine now. A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better23. Which is_ country, Canada or Australia? A. a large B. larger C. a larger D. the larger24. -Will you give this message to Mr. White, please?-Sorry, I cant. He _. A. doesnt any
22、more work here B. doesnt any longer here workC. doesnt work any more here D. doesnt work here any longer25. How can you finish the drawing? A. often B. soon C. long D. rapid26. _ terrible weather weve been having these days! A. How a B. What a C. How D. What27. It takes a long time to go there by tr
23、ain. Its_ by road. A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker28. _ from Beijing to London! A. How long way it is B. What a long way is itC. How long way is it D. What a long way it is29. She doesnt speak_ her friends, but her written work is excellent. A. as well as B. as often as C. so much
24、as D. as good as30. -Mum, I think Im_ to get back to school.-Not really, My dear. Youd better stay at home for another day or two. A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough31. -If you dont like the red coat, take the blue one.-OK, but do you have size_ in blue? This ones a bit tight for me
25、. A. a big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger32. John plays footbal_ , if not better than, Davi. A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as33. We all write_ ,even when theres net much to say. A. now and then B. by and by C. step by step D. more or less34. -Do you remember _ he came?-Yes I d
26、o, he came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if35. If there were no examinations, we should have _at school. A. the happiest time B. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D. a much happier time36. -Have you finished your report yet?-No, Ill finish in_ ten minutes. A. another B. other C. more D. l
27、ess37. -Id like _ information about the management of your hotel, please.-Well, you could have _ word with the manager. He might be helpful. 90A. some; a B. an; some C. some; some D. an; a38. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty,_ great it is. A. what B. how C. however D. wh
28、atever39. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining _. A. badly B. hardly C. strongly D. heavily40. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _. A. the better voice B. a good voiceC. the best voice D. a better voice41. Tony is going camping with _ boys. A. little two other B.
29、two little otherC. two other little D. little other two42. -How was your recent visit to Qingdao? -It was great. We visited some friends, and spent _the days at the seaside.A. few last sunny B. last few sunnyC. last sunny few D. few sunny last43. Can you believe that in _ a rich country there should
30、 be _ many poor people? A. such; such B. such; so C. so; so D. so; such44. Wait till you are more_ .Its better to be sure than sorry. A. inspired B. satisfied C. calm D. certain45. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _ known for his plays. A. the best B. more C. better D. the m
31、ost46._ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave studentsC. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave47. Its always difficult being in a foreign country, _ if you dont speak the language. A. extremely B. naturally C. bas
32、ically D. especially48. I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a (an) _ trick. A. ordinary B. easy C. smart D. simple49. It is generally believed that teaching is_ it is a science. A. an art much as B. much an art asC. as an art much as D. as much an art as50.-Im very _with my own c
33、ooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.-Mm, it does have a _smell. A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleasedC. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant51.Boris has brains. In fact ,I doubt whether anyone in the class has _IQ.A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest语法复习十五：形容词和副词1C原题中的 thr
34、ee sisters 这一信息词语暗示考生要用最高级的形式。clever 的最高级有两种：91the most clever，the cleverest2Cmostly 是副词，意思是：“主要地“，修饰整个句子。用 most 时应为 most of the students；用 almost 通常说 almost all+n.3Asuch 与 so 修饰名词时可这样使用。so+形容词+a/an+可数名词的单数so many/few 十可数名词复数 so much/little+不可数名词4Afew 修饰可数名词的复数；much 修饰不可数名词。5DA、C 项是语法错误。asas 之间不能用比较
35、级形式。B 项也是语法错误，than 前没有比较级，把 than 变成 as 就对了。实际上 not asas=not more than6Dsound 是“听起来“ 的意思。它是系动词，其后接形容词做表语。类似的系动词还有 look seem taste smell fell7Asome 常用在肯定句中，而 any 常用在否定、疑问和条件句中。8Cgrain 是不可数名词。A 项是语法错误，asas 之间用原级，B 项 few 不修饰 grain，D 项也如此。9C表示倍数的词与其他表示程度的副词修饰 asas 结构时，应放在其前面。10C该题考查了考生是否掌握形容词比较级的两种形式，该句可
36、理解为：The pianos in the other shop will be cheaper，but not as good as those in this shop.11D此处可理解为 the box is too heavy for you to carry12Dno longer 强调时间；no more 强调数量和次数。13Cbetter 这一信息词可暗示考生用比较级形式，less 修饰不可数名词，fewer 修饰可数名词的复数。14Cwhat 与 how 修饰名词引起的感叹句：what+a/an+ 形容词十单数可数名词what+形容词+可数名词复数what +形容词+不可数名词
37、How+ 形容词 +a/an+可数名词单数注意 what 的用法与 sach 相似，how 与 so 相似。且 give s B. a surprise 是惯用法。15A用来修饰比较级的副词有： a little，a bit；even still；far ，by far；a lot，a great deal；much，any(用于否定、疑问 )；rather16A用比较级表示最高级的意思，用 than+any other+单数名词(包括主语在内)或用 any+单数名词(比较范围不包括主语在内) 。因加拿大不属亚洲。如，把 Asia 改为 North America，则 B 正确。17Atast
38、e 是系动词，后接形容词做表语。B 项 well 如果是形容词，表示“身体好“ 。但Things are well with me属于特殊情况。参看 6 题。18C参看 15 题。19D参看 14 题。20Bwhere 引导表语从句，且 where 在表语从句中做地点状语。21A当 open 做宾补时，一般用它的形容词，不用它的现在分词。又如： with his eyes open/closed22Bany 修饰比较级时，一般用于疑问句和否定句中。23D表示两者中“最“ 的意思，用 the+比较级。此句可理解 Canada is the larger of the two countries.
39、24Dno more 与 no longer 变成 notany more 或 notany longer 时 any more 和 any longer 要置于句尾，可参看 12 题。25 Bhow often 表示频率，与题意不符。 how long 句中的谓语动词应用延续性动词，是“多久“的意思。D 项 rapid 是形容词不能修饰动词。How soon 的回答词用 in+时间，因此，全句的意思是：“在多长时间之内 (或以后 )你能画完画?“且句中谓语是瞬间动词。9226D可参看 14 题。weather 是不可数名词。27D此处可理解为 Its quicker to go by roa
40、d than by train 28D参看 14 题。 29A原题中的 but 与 excellent 两个信息词可暗示考生，且 not asas 相当于 not more than，因此，该句的意思是：“她讲的不如朋友的好，但她的笔头好。“30Cwell 是形容词“ 身体好“的意思。这是 Its+adj+enoush to do sth 句型。该句意思是：“ 我身体已好，可以返回学校了。“31B形容词的比较级修饰可数名词的单数时，前面不要忘了加 a，泛指比较的-个。例如，This shirt is a little largerCould you show me a smaller one?
41、32B是 29 题的创新。该句的意思是： “如果不比 David 好的话，那么会跟 David 踢的一样好。“if not better than 为插入语。33A从 even when theres not much to say 这一信息句可知。now and then 相当于sometimes，occasionally 和 from time to time，B 项 by and by=soon，C 项 step by step=gradually，D 项 more or less=about，修饰名词，但也可修饰动词，作状语。34A从答语中 by car 可知，how 问的是方式。35
42、Dhave a good/happy time 是惯用法，much 修饰比较级。参看 31 题。36Amore 与 another 在表示“再、又“ 时，用法不同，more 置于数词后面，而 another 置于数词的前面。37Ainformation 是不可数名词。have a word with sb相当于 speak/talk to/with sb与谈话。38Chowever 是连接副词，修饰形容词 great 并引导一个让步 4 状语从句，意思是：“无论困难有多大。“39D“下大雨“ 应说 “rain hard/heavily“40D意为：“我从未听过比她还好的噪音。“用比较级表达最高
43、级的概念。41C要知道形容词排列作定语的顺序。42B与 41 题考查的目的相同。43B可参看 3 题。44D从下文 Its better to be sure than sorry即“确信要比后悔好“ 可知，填入 D 项。A、B、C项不符合逻辑。45C该题考查副词用法。四个选项均为副词的比较级或最高级，题干的两个并列分句中，已给出 some short stories 和 his plays 这一特定的语境，表示二者之间的比较需用副词的比较级。well known 是一惯用词组，意为“出名的“ 、“众所周知的 “，well 的比较级为 better，故答案为C。46C形容词作后置定语。enough 为副词，修饰形容词 brave，放在其后。47D意为“在国外通常是困难的，特别是你不会说外语 “。48D意为“我很吃惊你竟然被这么简单的一个诡计愚弄了。 “此处，只有用 D 项才能准确表达这种语气。49D“教学更像是一门科学。“第一个 as 为副词。50D。9351B。
