1、111语法复习二十：介 词介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。介词分为三种，一种是简单介词，如 at, in, on, beside, to , for 等；另一种是短语介词，即由两个以上的词组组成的短语，如 in front of, because of, out of, instead of 等；还有一种叫二重介词，如 until after, from behind 等。（一）介词的句法功能介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。1、作定语：The book on the table is min
2、e.2、作状语：We have breakfast at seven.（表时间） ；They were late for meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因） ；They started the machine by pressing the button.（表方法）3、作表语：My dictionary is in the bag.4、作宾语补足语：I found him in the office.（二）主要介词区别1、表示时间的 at, in, on：at 表示片刻的时间，如：at 8 oclock ，常用词组有：at noon, at nigh
3、t, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year 等。 in 表示一段的时间，如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future 等。on 总是跟日子有关，on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on M
4、ay Day, on a warm morning 等。2、表示时间的 since 和 from：since 表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程，常与现在完成时连用。from 表示从时间的某一点开始，不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如：I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995.3、表示时间的 in 和 after：两者都表示“在（某个时间）之后，区别在于 in 表示“在（一段时间）之后” ，而 after 则表示“在（某一具体时间点之后） ”，in
5、短语和将来时态连用，after短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。如：Well be back in three days./ After seven the rain began to fall./ What shall we do after graduation?注意： after 有时也可以表示在一段时间之后（常用在过去时里） 。如：After two months he returned.4、表示地理位置的 in, on, to：in 表示在某范围内，on 指与什么毗邻，to 指在某环境范围之外。如：Changchun is in the northeast of China./ Mong
6、olia is on the north of China./ Japan is to the east of China.5、表示“在上”的 on 和 in：on 只表示在某物的表面上，而用 in 表示占去某物一部分。 如：There is a book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall.6、表示“穿过”的 through 和 across：through 表示从内部通过，与 in 有关；across则表示从一端至另一端在表面
7、上的通过，与 on 有关。如： Water flows through the pipe./ The old man walked across the street.7、in the corner, on the corner, at the corner：in the corner 表示在角落里，in 指角的内面；on the corner 表示 “在角上” ，on 指的不是内面，也不是外面，而含内外兼有之意；at the corner112指“在拐角处” ，at 指的是拐角外附近的外面。如：The lamp stands in the corner of the room./ I met
8、 with him at the street corner./ He sat on the corner of the table.8、in the end, at the end of, by the end of：in the end 作“最后” 、 “终于”解，可单独使用，后不接介词 of；at the end of 表示“在末梢” ， “到尽头” ，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用；by the end of 作“在结束时 ”， “到末为止”解，只能指时间。不可单独使用。如：In the end they reached a place of safety./ At th
9、e end of the road stands a beautiful garden./ They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week./ by the end of last month he had finished the novel.9、表示“关于”的 about 和 on：两者都有“关于”的意思，不过前者为一般用词，而后者为较正式的“论述” 。如：He came to tell me about something important./ He wrote a book on science.10、b
10、etween, among：一般说来，between 表示两者之间，among 用于三者或三者以上的中间。如：You are to sit between your father and me./ He is always happy among his classmates.注意： 但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调的是两两相互间接关系，适用于between。如： Agreements were made between the different countries. 在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两边时用 between。如：The little valley li
11、es between high mountains.。在谈事物间的差别时，总是用 between。如：They dont know the difference between wheat, oats and barley.11、besides, except, but, except for：besides 指“除了还有，再加上” 。如：All went out besides me.；except 指“除了，减去什么” ，不能放在句首。如：All went out except me.；but 与 except 意思近似，表示 “除了 外”经常用在 no, all, nobody, any
12、where, everything 等和其他疑问词后面。如：I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.；except for 表示“如无就，只是”表明理由细节。如：His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.。12、表示“用”的 in 和 with：表示工具的“用” ，用 with，而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等的“用” ，用 in。如：He is writing a letter with a pen./ He wrote the letter in p
13、encil./ We measured it in pounds./ Read the text in a loud voice./ Tell me the story in English.13、in charge of 和 in the charge of：两者都表示“由谁负责、照顾、管理” 。区别在于：in charge of 后接被照管的人或物，而 in the charge of 后面则跟照管的人。如： Who is in charge of the project?/ The project is in the charge of an engineer.。14、as, like：
14、 as 作“作为” 、 “以地位或身份”解。如：Let me speak to you as a father.（事实是父亲） ；like 作“象一样”解。如：Let me speak to you like a father.（事实上不是父亲） 。15、in front of 和 in the front of：in front of = before，是“在前面”的意思（不在某物内） ； in the front of 则是“在前部”的意思（在某物内） 。如：There is a desk in front of the blackboard./ The boy sat in the fr
15、ont of the car.。16、in, into：into 表示动向，不表示目的地或位置。如： We walked into the park.；in 通常表示位置。如：We walked in the park；in 和 drop, fall, put, throw, break 等终止性动词连用时，也可以表示动向。如：I have put the coin in (into) my pocket.我把硬币放进衣袋。113练习（一） 、介 词1. The teacher is writing _ a piece of chalk on the blackboard while the
16、students are writing _ink in exercise books. A. with, in B. in, with C. in, in D. with, with2. The worker can make chairs _ wood, and also can make paper _ wood.A. from, of B. of, from C. of. of D. from, from3. Mary dropped in _ Mr Smith, but he wasn t at home, so she went to drop in _ Mr Smiths off
17、ice. A. on, on B. at, at C. on. at D. at. on4. The teacher is not only strict _ his pupils but also strict _ his own work.A. with, with B.in,in C. in, with D. with, in5. His grandfather died _ the wound that the enemy soldier had given him .and then his grand-mother died _ hungry and cold. A.from,of
18、 B.of,from C.from,from D.of.of6. If you run _ two hares you will catch neither. A.into B.after C.off D. out of7. This is a common mistake _ students. A. between B.over C. among D. about8. My father began to work _ a bus driver when he was twenty years old.A.for B.to C.at D.as9. _ hearing the news, I
19、 was wild _ joy. A. At, in B. On, with C. After, by D. /, over10.I don t think Xiao Li is _ the other students _ mathematics.A. after, on B. after, with C. behind, in D. behind, at11. Nobody knows it _ me. A. except for B. except that C. besides D. but12. The window is never opened _ in summer. A. b
20、ut B. except C. except for D. but for13. It happened _ the Long March. A. during B.in C.at D.for14. We go to school _ a bike. A.in B.on C.by D.ove15. Its very kind_ you to repair the bike _ me.A.for.for B.of,of C.of,for D.for,of16. Fresh air is good _ your health. A.at B.for C.of D.to17.The boy is w
21、aiting _ his sister and they will go to the hospital to wait _ their sick mother.A.for,on B.on,for C.for,for D.on.on18.The group is made up_five students. And they are studying hard to make up_ the lost time.A.of,of B.for,for C.of,for D.for,of19.The PLA man saved the boy _ death. A. of B.from C.to D
22、.on20. He will come _ three days. A.before B.after C. in D. later21. He went to Beijing and returned _ three days.A. in B. before C. later D. after22. He will return_ three oclock. A.after B.in C.on D.at23. He wrote the article _ three days. A.at B.in C.on D.by24.I agree _ what you said. A.to B.on C
23、.with D.at25. Do you agree_ this plan (arrangement)? A.at B.with C.on D.to26. Finally they agreed _ the terms of the contract. A.on B.to C.with D.at11427. Do you often hear_ your brother? A. of B. from C. out of D. about28.1 heard _ the book long ago, but I have never read it.A. out B.from C.of D.wi
24、th29. The plane flew _ the city. A. across B.past C. through D.over30. We walked _ the Tian An Men Square to the Museum of Chinese History.A. across B. through C.by D.past31.I was wandering _ the streets when I caught sight of a tailors shop.A. across B. through C.by D.past32. Our bus drove _ the Gr
25、eat Hall of the People.A. across B. through C. past D.over33. _ the sun, nothing would grow.A. For B.With C. Under D. Without34. The teacher is busy _ teaching.A.with B.for C.on D.of35. The teacher is busy _ correcting papers.A. for B.in C.on D.of36. We left Xi an _._ a very hot summer afternoon.A.
26、on B.in C. during D.by37. She felt disappointed when she found out they had gone swimming_ her.A. but B. except C. except for D. without38. His teacher was angry _ him _ his being late.A.at,with B.at,for C.with,for D.with,about39. My father was disappointed _ the news.A. by B. about C. at D. on40. M
27、r Wang went to Nanjing _ October,1998 and came back home _ the morning of Nov. 5.A.at;in B.on;at C.in;on D.by;from41 .My uncle lives _ 105 Huanghe Street. His room is _ the fifth floor.A.at;on B.td;at C.on;in D.of;to42. I dont think you can work out the maths problem _ the teachers help.A. since B.
28、unless C. because D. without43. He is running _ the wind towards the east of the station _ Tom is running _ the right.A. down; and; on B. against; while; on C.for;with;in D. with; while; to44. In Hangzhou Mr Green was so struck _ the beauty of nature that he stayed _ another night.A.at;on B.with;at
29、C.for;in D.by;for45. Many people are still _ the habit of writing silly things _ public places.A.at;at B.in;in C.into;of D.during;at46. - Do you go there _ bus? - No, we go there _ a train.A. in; on B.on;on C.by;in D.by; with11547. I made the coat _ my own hands. It was made _ hand, not with a machi
30、ne.A. in; in B.in; with C. with; by D. with; with48. The trees _ front of the house are _ the charge of Old Li.A. in; in B. at; in C. in; by D. from; in49. The old man died _ cold _ a cold night.A. from; at B.of;in C.of;on D. for; during50. Does John know any other foreign languages _ French?A. exce
31、pt B. but C. besides D. beside51. He looked quite healthy _ he was _ the age of seventy.A. when; at B. because; in C. if; for D. though; at52. - How long has the bookshop been in business? -_1982.A. After B.In C.From D.Since53. Did you have any trouble _ the post office?A. to have found B. with find
32、ing C. to find D. in finding54.To tell you the truth, I have nothing to do _ it.A.about B.with C.for D.of55. Something must be done to prevent our city _ by thick smoke.A. to be polluted B. from polluting C. from being polluted D. polluting56._ the students likes the paintings. Which is wrong?A. The
33、 teacher as well as B. Nobody but C. The teacher besides D. All except57. Henry,_ Mary and Tom, is coming to China for a visit. Which is wrong?A. together with B. like C. and not D. but in addition to58. Taiwan is _ the east of Fujian.A. in B.at C.to D.on59. His father will be back from London _ a f
34、ew days.A.since B.in C.on D.after60. We offered him our congratulations _ his passing the college entrance exams.A.at B.on C.for D.of61 .The word “write“ has the same pronunciation _ the word “right“.A. of B.as C.to D.from62. The train leaves _ 6: 00 p. m. So I have to be at the station _ 5:40 p. m.
35、 at the latest.A. at; until B. for; after C.at;by D. before; around63. Go _ the gate and you 11 find the entrance _ the park _ the other side.A. through; to; on B. along ;of; on C. down; to; at D. up; of; by64. One _ five will have the chance to join in the game.A. within B. among C. in D. from65. B
36、ecause of her devotion _ music, she has become friendly with Mr. Zhang.A. in B. to C. with D. on 11666. What idea can a man who is blind from birth have_ color?A. in B. / C. with D. of67. Some people say that we live _ the age of computers.A. in B. at C. with D. for68. -May I attend your lecture, Mr
37、. Green? -Welcome _ open arms.A. with B. by C. in D. for69. _ defeated, they didnt lose heart.A. In spite of B. Except for C. Though D. Until70. I saw Jack yesterday. He told me that he would stay here _ the end of this year.A. at B. by C. for D. till71.The train leaves at 6:00 p.m. So I have to be
38、at the station _5:40p.m.at the latest.A. until B. after C. by D. around 72. The boy ought to have gone to school _, but he slept _noon. A. in the morning, at B. that morning, at C. in that morning, until D. that morning, until 73. The doctor will be free _. A. 10 minutes later B. after ten minutes C
39、. in ten minutes D. 10 minutes after74. _most students, she was always well prepared and never came to class late. A. Like B. As C. For D. To 75. Lets walk over _the shop on the other side of the street. A. in B. to C. under D. by 76. The number of the employees has grown from 1,000 to 1,200. This m
40、eans it has risen _20 percent. A . by B. at C. to D. with 77. _production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. A. . As B. For C. With D. Through 78. Does John know any other foreign language _French?A. except B. but C. besides D. beside 79. I know nothing about the young lady _she
41、is from Beijing. A. except B. except for C. except that D. besides 80. -You are so lucky. -What do you mean _that? A. for B. in C. of D. by117语法复习二十：介 词15 ABCDA 610 BCDBC 1115 DBABC 1620 BACBC 2125 DABCD 2630 ABCDA 3135 BCDAB 3640 ADDCC 4145 ADBDB 4650 CCACC 5155 DDDBC 5660 DCCBB 6165 BCACB 6670 DAACD 7175 CDCAB7680 ACCCD
