1、第二篇 语法精点击,专题1 名词,专题1 名词,考点直击 ,【考纲解读】,专题1 名词,1 名词分类,专题1 名词,提示 (1)集体名词不与one连用，且其前不能加不定冠词。如：“一名警察”不可以译为a police，但可以译为a policeman/a policemen。 (2)名词的词义辨析包括语境辨析和近/同义词辨析两类。解答这类题目时，一是要运用生活经验、知识积累，根据上下文语境推测所要表达的意思；二是要正确掌握一些同义词或者近义词的用法及区别。,专题1 名词,【典例1】 What _ do you have for Paul? I think he should study har
2、der than before. Anews Badvice Chelp Dinformation,解析 B 本题考查名词词义辨析。news意为“新闻”；advice意为“建议”；help意为“帮助”；information意为“信息”。根据答语“我认为他应该比以前更努力学习”可知上句表示“你有什么建议给保罗”。故选B。,专题1 名词,【典例2】 Mr. Li regards Hefei as his second _ because he has been here for over twenty years. Afamily BHouse Croom Dhome 解析 D family指“
3、家，家庭”，强调家庭中的成员；house意为“房子，住宅”，强调房屋和居住点；room指“居住的房间”； home作“家”讲时，既指住处也含有对家的依恋之情，有“故乡”的意思。句意：李先生把合肥视为他的第二故乡，因为他已在这里生活了二十多年了。 故选D。,专题1 名词,2 名词的数,(1)名词复数的规则变化,专题1 名词,专题1 名词,(2)名词复数的不规则变化,专题1 名词,(3)不可数名词量化的表示法 不可数名词没有复数形式，如果表示复数概念，常用“数词量词(复数)of不可数名词”结构。如：three pieces of music 三首曲子； two cups of water两杯水,专
4、题1 名词,提示 名词作定语时，一般用单数形式。如：an apple tree 一棵苹果树；如果man, woman作其他名词的定语，表示复数意义时，man/woman和被修饰的名词都要用复数形式。如：two women doctors两名女医生 “数词名词”作定语时，该名词用单数形式，并用连字符将数词和名词连接起来；表示时间、距离的定语还可以用名词的复数形式构成所有格。如：a ten days holidaya tenday holiday 一个10天的假期,专题1 名词,【典例3】 Could you take _ for these _？ They are very beautiful.
5、 Aany photos; tomatoes Bsome photos; tomatoes Csome photos; tomatos Dany photoes; tomatoes,专题1 名词,解析 B 句意：你能为这些西红柿拍一些照片吗？它们很漂亮。本题考查photo和tomato的复数形式，前者的复数形式直接在后面加s；后者加es。表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中用some, 故选B。,专题1 名词,【典例4】 There are a lot of _ in the hospital. They work very hard. Awoman doctor Bwomen doct
6、or Cwomen doctors Dwoman doctors 解析 C 句意：这家医院里有许多女医生，她们工作很努力。woman修饰其他名词，表示复数意义时，两个词都要变为复数形式。故选C。,专题1 名词,【典例5】 Could I help you? Id like to have 100 _. I want my students to draw pictures on them. Apiece of paper Bpieces of paper Cpieces of papers Dpiece of papers 解析 B paper为不可数名词，表示数量时，用“数词量词(复数形式)
7、of不可数名词”结构。根据句意“我想要100张纸”可知选B。,专题1 名词,3 名词所有格,专题1 名词,专题1 名词,【典例6】 This is not my dictionary. Its _. She lent it to me this morning. Amy sister Bmy sisters Cmy sisters Dmy sisters 解析 C 句意：这不是我的词典，它是我姐姐的，她今天早晨把它借给了我。表所属关系用名词所有格。根据主语she，可知选C。,专题1 名词,【典例7】 This is _ room. The twin sisters like it very m
8、uch. ALucys and Lilys BLucys and Lily CLucy and Lilys DLucy and Lily解析 C 句意：这是莉莉与露西的房间。这对双胞胎姐妹很喜欢它。根据句意可知，用名词所有格。由room和it可知这间房子为两人所共有。故选C。,专题1 名词,【典例8】 Mrs. Brown is an old friend of _. AJack mother BJack mothers CJacks mother DJacks mothers 解析 D 句意：布朗夫人是杰克的妈妈的一位老朋友。根据句意可知要使用双重所有格。故选D。,专题1 名词,考点过关,.
9、单项填空 ( )1. 2014安徽More and more people come to visit Mount Huangshan. Thats true. It has become the _ of Anhui. Apride Beffort Cpraise Dcourage,A,根据句意可知，黄山是安徽的“骄傲”。,专题1 名词,( )2. 2013安徽What is Miss Gaos favorite _？ She is always in pink. Dont you know? Acolor Bbook Csong Dmovie,A,根据答语中的“in pink”可知，问句应
10、该是询问高老师最喜欢的颜色。故选A。,专题1 名词,( )3. 2013合肥50中模拟How can I get much _ about the 2016 Rio Olympic Games? Why not search the Internet? Amap Bpicture Cticket Dinformation,D,much修饰不可数名词，而A、B、C三项均为可数名词。故选D。,专题1 名词,( )4. 2013合肥包河区二模The weather is getting worse. Yes, and it shows us that we should try to make th
11、e _ better. Atreatment Bdevelopment Cenvironment Dgovernment,C,根据上句“天气糟糕”可知，这里指的是使“环境”变好。,专题1 名词,( )5.What would you like, Madam? Id like _， please. Atwo bottles of orange Btwo bottles of oranges Ctwo bottle of oranges Dtwo bottle of orange,A,orange作“橙汁”讲时，为不可数名词，表示数量时，用“数词量词(复数形式)of不可数名词”结构。,专题1 名词
12、,.单词拼写 根据首字母及汉语提示，完成下列单词的拼写，使句意明确，语言通顺。 12014安徽We feel it is our d _ (责任) to help each other. 22013安徽I could hear her sweet v_ (嗓音) from the next room.,uty,oice,专题1 名词,32013安徽Would you please make a shopping l_ (清单) for the picnic? 42014六安裕安区模拟Mr. Green gave us some k_ (小刀) to cut the apples. 52014合
13、肥38中二模Students should have a good h_ (习惯) of leaning English.,ist,nives,abit,专题1 名词,( )1. 2014抚州You look so young! How old are you? Aha! Its a_ Asuggestion Breason Csecret Dproblem,语法专练,C,问句询问年龄，在西方国家年龄被看作个人隐私，故选C。,专题1 名词,( )2. 2014沈阳I am just going to the _Do you want anything? Yes, a bag of rice.
14、Amarket Bclassroom Clibrary Dpark,A,根据答语中的“一袋米”可知应该是去“市场”。故选A。,专题1 名词,( )3. 2014河南You may go to Milan for a free trip. Its a very kind _， but I really cant accept it. Aexcuse Boffer Cpromise Ddecision,B,offer用作名词，意为“提议”。,专题1 名词,( )4. 2014泰安I hear you have to get up early every morning. Right. Its on
15、e of the _ of my family. Aplans Bjobs Cprograms Drules,D,根据句意可知，起床早应该是“家规之一”。rule意为“规则”。,专题1 名词,( )5. 2014杭州I am tired. This is not the right _ to ask me to go for a walk. Amoment Bchance Cplace Dseason,A,根据“我累了”可知，现在不是散步的一个好时刻。moment意为“时刻”。,专题1 名词,( )6. 2014湖州Look at the clouds, so beautiful! Wow,
16、so many different _， horses, sheep, flowers Asizes Bshapes Ccolors Dstyles,B,根据“马、绵羊、花等”可知，所缺单词表示云的“形状”。,专题1 名词,( )7. 2014德州Yesterday, my father bought me a new mobile phone as a present, but I dont know how to use it. Why not read the _ first before using it? Aexpressions Bapplications Cadvertiseme
17、nts Dinstructions,D,不知道怎么用手机，应该读“说明书”。,专题1 名词,( )8. 2014聊城Excuse me, is the museum far from here? No, its about _ . A5 minutes walk B5 minute walk C5 minutes walk D5 minutes walk,C,专题1 名词,( )9. 2014盐城The online shop sells _ clothing at a very good price. Achild and mans Bchildren and mens Cchildrens
18、 and men Dchildrens and mens,D,句意： 这家网店以很优惠的价格卖儿童和男士服装。由句意可知，表示各自所属的关系，所以应分别在每个名词后加s。故选D。,专题1 名词,( )10. 2014白银The boy didnt sleep well because of the _ from the factory. Avoice Bnoise Cmusic Dsong,B,根据句意可知，男孩睡不好是因为工厂制造的“噪声”。,专题1 名词,( )11. 2014长沙改编Is the schoolbag under the desk yours? No, its my _.
19、He left it there just now. Abrother Bbrothers Cbrothers Dbrothers,B,根据句意“是我哥哥的”可知表所属关系。由He可知选B。,专题1 名词,( )12. 2014扬州What a good_ youve given me! Thanks a lot. My pleasure. Ainformation Bnews Csuggestion Dadvice,C,a修饰单数可数名词，而A、B、D三项均为不可数名词。故选C。,专题1 名词,( )13. 2014安庆模Could you tell me the _ why you wer
20、e late this morning, Tom? Im sorry that my alarm clock didnt go off. Areason Bexcuse Cproblem Dmatter,A,the reason why意为“的原因”。,专题1 名词,( )14.Can I help you? Id like_ for my twin daughters. Atwo pair shoes Btwo pairs of shoe Ctwo pair of shoe Dtwo pairs of shoes,D,pair, shoe都是可数名词，表示“两双鞋”两者都用复数形式。,专题1
21、 名词,( )15.I plan to go out for a trip, but Im afraid I dont know the_ A map is helpful, I think. Aprice Bstop Cway Dtime,C,根据答语及句意可知，用地图是为了找“路”方便。,专题1 名词,( )16. 2014合肥寿春中学模拟Today, we have many other _ to pay besides coins and paper money. Aexcuses Bways Cchances Dplans,B,根据句意可知，现在有很多付费的方法。way意为“方法”。
22、,专题2 代词,专题2 代词,考点直击 ,【考纲解读】,专题2 代词,专题2 代词,1 人称代词,人称代词有主格和宾格之分，主格在句中作主语和表语；宾格作动词或介词的宾语，也可作表语。 人称代词的人称、数和格的变化如下：,专题2 代词,专题2 代词,【典例1】 Mary and Gina are my cousins. _ are both doctors in the hospital. ATheir BThey CThem DTheirs 解析 B 句意：玛丽和吉娜都是我的堂妹，她们都在这家医院里当医生。根据句意可知，用人称代词，由于在句中作主语，故用代词主格they。,专题2 代词,【典
23、例2】 My English is so poor. Please help _ improve it. Ame BI Cmy Dmine 解析 A help sb. (to) do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”。help是动词，其后用代词的宾格。故选A。,专题2 代词,【典例1】 What _ do you have for Paul? I think he should study harder than before. Anews Badvice Chelp Dinformation,解析 B 本题考查名词词义辨析。news意为“新闻”；advice意为“建议”；help意为“帮助”；
24、information意为“信息”。根据答语“我认为他应该比以前更努力学习”可知上句表示“你有什么建议给保罗”。故选B。,专题2 代词,2 物主代词,物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词一般用于名词前修饰名词；而名词性物主代词本身就具有名词的性质，相当于“形容词性物主代词名词”。如： This is my red schoolbag.This red schoolbag is mine.这个红色的书包是我的。 物主代词具体分类如下：,专题2 代词,专题2 代词,【典例3】 Here is a schoolbag. Whose is it? Oh, its _. Tha
25、nk you. Amy Bmine Cme DI解析 B 答语句意：哦，它是我的(书包)。谢谢你。横线后没有名词，所以要用名词性物主代词。故选B。,专题2 代词,【典例4】 George reads newspapers every morning. Thats _ habit. Ahe Bhim Chis Dhimself解析 C 句意：乔治每天看报。那是他的习惯。根据句意可知，用物主代词，修饰名词用形容词性物主代词。故选C。,专题2 代词,3 反身代词,近五年，安徽中考对反身代词的考查均没有在单项填空中涉及，但在完形填空中有所体现。因此掌握反身代词的基本用法非常有必要。常见反身代词的分类见
26、下表：,专题2 代词,提示 反身代词可以作介词或动词的宾语；也可以作主语或宾语的同位语。如： I teach myself English.我自学英语。 I repaired the car myself.我自己修的车。 反身代词还可用于某些固定搭配中。如：enjoy oneself(玩得开心), help yourself to(自取), dress oneself(自己穿衣服), teach oneself(自学)，hurt oneself(伤着自己), lose oneself in(沉迷于/专心致志于)等。,专题2 代词,【典例5】 I guess Peter and his sist
27、er Sally enjoyed _ at the dancing party. Amyself Bhimself Cherself Dthemselves 解析 D enjoy oneself意为“玩得高兴”。根据句意可知，指Peter和Sally两个人。故选D。,专题2 代词,4 不定代词,近五年，安徽中考主要考查一些常见的不定代词在具体语境中的用法及词义辨析和复合不定代词的基本用法。 (1)常考不定代词辨析 few, a few, little与a little,专题2 代词,some与any,专题2 代词,each, either, both, all, neither与none,专题
28、2 代词,【典例6】 Which of the two magazines will you take? Ill take _. They are very wonderful. Aall Beither Cboth Dneither 解析 C all指“三个或三个以上都”；either指“两个中的任何个”；both指“两个都”；neither指“两个都不”。根据问句中的two magazines和答语中的“they are very wonderful”可知两个都要买。故选C。,专题2 代词,(2)复合不定代词,专题2 代词,提示复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： Everyon
29、e is here.大家都在这里。 复合不定代词与形容词连用时，形容词要放在后面。如： I have something important to tell you. 我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。,专题2 代词,【典例7】 As volunteers, we should do _ to help the children in trouble. Anothing Banybody Csomething Dsomebody 解析 C 句意： 作为志愿者，我们应该做一些事情帮助困难中的孩子。,专题2 代词,5 指示代词、疑问代词,(1)指示代词this, that对应的复数形式分别是these和
30、those。this, these表近指； that, those表远指。 (2)疑问代词who, whom, whose只能指人；what和which可指人或物。,专题2 代词,【典例8】 As for learning English, students who read a lot can do much better than _ who dont. Athose Bthat Cthese Dthem 解析 A 句意：至于学习英语，多读书的学生会比那些不读书的学生学得好。这里用those指代不读书的学生。故选A。,专题2 代词,6 it和one的用法与区别,(1)it用来指特定的物，即
31、上文提到的事物或情况。既可以指代单数可数名词，也可指代不可数名词。如： Do you still keep the picture? 你还保存着那张照片吗？ No, I have given it to my friend. 不，我已经把它送给我的朋友了。,专题2 代词,(2)one表示泛指，指同类事物中的个，常常代替由不定冠词a或an修饰的名词。one既可以代替人，也可以代替物，但只能代替单数可数名词，其复数形式ones，可代替可数名词复数。如： Do you have a pen？你有一支钢笔吗？ Yes, I have one.是的，我有一支。,专题2 代词,【典例9】 Ive got
32、several novels written by Mo Yan. You can borrow _ if you like. Aone Bit Cevery Deither解析 A 句意：我有几本莫言写的小说。如果你喜欢的话，可以借一本。泛指其中“一本”用one。故选A。,专题2 代词,考点过关,( )1. 2014安徽You can take _ of the two toy cars and leave the other for your brother. Aboth Bnone Ceither Dneither,C,根据“leave the other for your brothe
33、r”可知只能拿其中的一个。表示两者中的任何一个用either。,专题2 代词,( )2. 2013安徽I am a little hungry, Mom. There are some cakes on the plate. You can take_ Ait Bone Cthat Dthis,B,答语句意：盘子里有一些蛋糕，你可以拿一个。表泛指用one。,专题2 代词,( )3.Boys, dont lose _ in playing computer games after class! Its bad for your eyes if you play them for a long t
34、ime. Ahimself Byourself Cyourselves Dthemselves,C,句意：孩子们，放学后不要沉溺于玩电脑游戏”。根据boys可知选C。,专题2 代词,( )4. 2014合肥46中三模Why have you given up leaning physics? I feel _ really difficult to learn physics well. Ait Bthat Cone Dthis,A,答语句意：我感到学好物理真的很难。it在句中作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。,专题2 代词,( )5. 2014安庆模Mom, can I have som
35、e more orange juice, please? Sorry, theres _ left. Asome Bnone Ca little Dany,B,根据答语中的sorry可知，应该是没有橘汁了。A、C、D均表示肯定意义，与题意不符合。故选B,专题2 代词,( )6. 2014六安裕安区模拟Is this your sons sweater? No, it isnt. _ is on the chair behind the desk. AHe BHim CHers DHis,D,答语句意：不，它不是。他的毛衣在桌子后的椅子上。横线后没有名词，所以用名词性物主代词。故选D。,专题2
36、代词,( )7. 2014蚌埠15中模拟_ may have a chance to be successful if he tries his best. ANobody BEverybody CEverything DSomebody,B,句意：如果尽自己最大努力，每个人都会有成功的机会。根据句意可知选B。,专题2 代词,( )8. 2014安徽师大附中模拟Hes found _ in the bag. Its empty. Aeverything Bnothing Canything Dsomething,B,根据“它是空的”可知他在包里没找到任何东西。故选B。,专题2 代词,( )1.
37、 2014赤峰Mom. Ive got _ important to tell you. Whats up? Anothing Banything Csomething Deverything,语法专练,C,根据答语可知，上句的句意是“我有一些重要的事情要告诉你”。肯定句中用something。,专题2 代词,( )2. 2014乌鲁木齐Your new backpack is so nice. I want to buy _ too. Aone Bit Cthat Dthis,A,句意：你的背包如此漂亮，我也想买一个。表示泛指一个用one。,专题2 代词,( )3. 2014徐州I aske
38、d two students the way to the post office, but _ of them knew. Aboth Beither Cnone Dneither,D,根据转折词but可知，这两名学生都不知道去邮局的路。表示“两者都不”用neither。,专题2 代词,( )4. 2014山西改编Last month, we went to Li Zongshengs concert. The beautiful songs about his younger days reminded us to love _. Ayours Btheirs Cours Dmine,C,
39、后句句意：那些关于他年轻时代的动听的歌曲提醒我们要热爱我们的年轻岁月。故选C。,专题2 代词,( )5. 2014十堰What do you think of your host family, Jim? Great. They try _ best to make me feel at home. Athey Btheir Cthem Dtheirs,B,try ones best意为“尽某人最大努力”。,专题2 代词,( )6. 2014河南At present, children mean _ to most parents in China. Aeverything Bnothing
40、Canything Dsomething,A,句意：现在，孩子对大多数中国父母来说意味着一切。故选A。,专题2 代词,( )7. 2014荆州Excuse me, but is that my passport? Oh, sorry. I took _ by mistake. Ayours Bmine Chers Dhis,A,答语句意：噢，对不起。我错拿了你的护照。由句意可知选A。,专题2 代词,( )8. 2014河北Do you have toys? Id like to buy _ for my cousin. Ait Bone Cthis Dthat,B,专题2 代词,( )9. 2
41、014宿迁Eddie has _ to do, and he sleeps all day long. Aeverything Bsomething Canything Dnothing,D,根据“他整天睡觉”可知，Eddie什么事都不做。故选D。,专题2 代词,( )10. 2014襄阳Your English is very good. Who taught you? _. I learned it all by myself. ASomebody BEverybody CNobody DAnybody,C,根据答语“我是自学的”可知，没有任何人教“我”。故选C。,专题2 代词,( )11
42、. 2014武汉I turned to bookshops and libraries looking for information and found _ Anone Bboth Cone Dneither,B,专题2 代词,( )12. 2014黄冈Susan, go and join your sister in cleaning the yard. Why_？ John is sitting there doing nothing at all. AI Bme Cmyself Dmine,B,专题2 代词,( )13. 2014广东Hello, Linda speaking. Who
43、s _？ Hello, this is Martin. Ahe Bone Cthat Dthis,C,电话用语中用that指代“你”。,专题2 代词,( )14. 2014嘉兴Im looking for a bank, but I cant find _ Ait Bone Cthis Dthat,B,句意：我正在寻找银行，但是一家也没有找到。表示同类事物中的一个用one。,专题2 代词,( )15. 2014绵阳Jeff and I are going to Shanghai this weekend. My brother will drive _ there. Ait Byou Cus
44、Dthem,C,专题2 代词,( )16. 2014凉山Will the professor give a talk in our school? Yes, _ talk will begin in five minutes. Lets go and listen to _ AHe; him BHis; he CHim; his DHis; him,D,专题2 代词,( )17. 2014扬州Which of the two Tshirts would you like? _I dont like their styles. AEither BBoth CNone DNeither,D,根据答
45、语“我不喜欢他们的款式”可知，两个都不喜欢，故用neither。,专题2 代词,( )18. 2014连云港This book on idioms is interesting. Id like _， where did you buy it, Simon? In the Amazon Bookstore. Ait Bthis Cthat Done,D,句意：这本关于谚语的书很有趣，我想买一本。泛指同类事物中的一个用one。,专题2 代词,( )19. 2014长沙改编My sister is old enough to dress _ now. Ahimself Bherself Cmyself Dourselves,B,句意：我的妹妹足够大了，现在能自己穿衣服了。这里指“她自己”。故选B。,专题2 代词,( )20. 2014兰州Bob, can you see the boys over there? _ are my cousins. Lets go and say hello to them. AThis BThose CThat DThese,
