1、第二节第二节 推理判断题推理判断题 一、细节推断题一、细节推断题 (2019 全国，B) “You can use me as a last resort(选择)，and if nobody else volunteers，then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse(长曲棍球) club. I guess that theres probably some demanding work schedu
2、le，or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport.She may just need a little persuading.So I try again and tug at the heartstrings.I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids arent even on.At this point the unw
3、illing parent speaks up，“Alright.Yes，Ill do it.” Im secretly relieved because I know theres real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many.The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule，sends out emails， and collects money for end- of- season gifts.Somewhere along the way，the same par
4、ent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team.The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season.Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal. Still，most of us volunteer
5、s breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close.That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more： Connecting to the community(社区) as you freely give your time，money，skills，or services provides a real joy.Volunteering just feels so good. In
6、 that sense，Im pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than Id freely like to admit.However，if others benefit in the process，and I get some reward too，does it really matter where my motivation lies? 语篇解读 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。 文章介绍了作者成功地说服了一名家长参加志愿者团队； 而作为一名志愿者，作者发挥了自己的作用，并获得了快乐。 24What can we infer
7、about the parent from her reply in Paragraph 1? AShe knows little about the club. BShe isnt good at sports. CShe just doesnt want to volunteer. DShes unable to meet her schedule. 答案 C 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“You can use me as a last resort(选择)，and if nobody else volunteers，then I will do it.”可知，这位家长要求把她当作
8、最后的选择，如果没有其他的 志愿者，她再做。由此可推断出，她不想做志愿者。故选 C。 25What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in Paragraph 2 mean? AEncourage teamwork. BAppeal to feelings. CPromote good deeds. DProvide advice. 答案 B 解析 词义猜测题。根据画线短语所在句的前一句“She may just need a little persuading.”和 后一句“I mention the single pa
9、rent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids arent even on.”可知， 作者为了劝服这位家长， 举了两个例子。 由此可知，画线处应是“煽情”之意。故选 B。 26What can we learn about the parent from Paragraph 3? AShe gets interested in lacrosse. BShe is proud of her kids. CShell work for another season
10、. DShe becomes a good helper. 答案 D 解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中这位家长作出的贡献及“the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team”可知，她最终成了志愿者队伍中重要的一员，也就是说， 她成了一个好帮手。故选 D。 27Why does the author like doing volunteer work? AIt gives her a sense of duty. BIt makes her very happy. CIt enables her to work ha
11、rd. DIt brings her material rewards. 答案 B 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句“Connecting to the community(社区) as you freely give your time，money，skills，or services provides a real joy.Volunteering just feels so good.”可 知，为社区做贡献可以带来真正的乐趣， 参加志愿者活动使她感觉很快乐。故选 B。 一、题型解读 细节推断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、 事件等。一般可根据短
12、文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生只有正确把握 文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义， 才可能作出准确的推断。一般题干主要包括六个动 词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，conclude(作出结论)和 assume(假定，设想)。 该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现： 1It can be inferred/concluded from the text that . 2What can we infer/learn from.? 3We can learn from the passage that . 4The p
13、assage/story.indicates/suggests/implies that . 二、解题技巧关键词句细推敲 第一步：定位细节根据题干提供的信息，抓住某一段话的关键信息(关键词语)。 第二步：揣摩细节对原文中的信息进行分析，推理判断，利用逆向思维和正向推理，从 而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。 注意： 1.切勿拿文章中的某一个细节内容作为推理的结论。 2.切勿脱离原文而凭个人看法主观 臆断。 例如： 【真题感悟】中的 24 题，根据文章第一段第一句“You can use me as a last resort(选择)， and if nobody else volunteers，
14、then I will do it.”可推断出，她不想做志愿者。故选 C。 A This week，a mammoth(猛犸象) possibly killed by humans 10,000 to 15,000 years ago was found in soy fields about 50 miles west of Detroit.It was found by farmer James Bristle and his neighbor Trent Satterthwaite，who were reportedly digging in the field.At first，the
15、y couldnt 1figure out what they were seeing. “It was probably a rib bone that came up，” Bristle tells Ann Arbor News.“We thought it was a bent fence 9post.” Upon closer 6inspection， however， it became clear even to untrained eyes this was no fence post.“We knew it was something special.” Then they s
16、ped up the dig. After finding the bones Monday night，Bristle called the University of Michigan Tuesday morning to report his find.Scientist Daniel Fisher arrived to inspect it Wednesday， and by Thursday morning he had 2confirmed its a woolly mammoth.He concludes the animal was about 40 years old whe
17、n it died.It was hunted by humans，he says，who killed it and stored the remains in a pond as a way of 7preserving the meat for future use.Its 4still too early to tell exactly how it died， Fisher tells Detroits WWJ- TV，“but the skeleton showed signs of humans butchering.” 11The bones are being 3tempor
18、arily stored nearby， according to the Free Press， and it remains unclear where theyll eventually end up.Their research value will be determined once theyve been cleaned and dried. Woolly mammoths once lived in Eurasia and North America，and most disappeared by 10,000 years agoa demise(终止) that has be
19、en linked not only to humans，but also to changing climate.Its now believed that warming weather 8weakened their populations before humans dealt the final blows. 语篇解读 一位农民及其邻居在底特律附近的地里发现了猛犸象的尸骨，迹象表明它们是被 人类捕杀的。科学家们对此正在进行进一步的研究。 1How did James Bristle and his neighbor find what they found at first? AIt
20、s delicate. BIts old. CIts unique. DIts worthless. 答案 D 解析 推理判断题。 根据第二段第一、 二句“It was probably a rib bone that came up， Bristle tells Ann Arbor News.We thought it was a bent fence post.”可知，James Bristle 和他邻居认 为最早发现的猛犸象的肋骨是一根弯曲的栅栏柱子，没有什么价值。故选 D。 2What can we know about the mammoth according to the tex
21、t? AIt might die in its 40s. BIt was native to Eurasia. CIt preferred walking in the fields. DIt mainly died from climate change. 答案 A 解析 细节理解题。 根据第三段第三句“He concludes the animal was about 40 years old when it died.”可知，这头猛犸象死时大约 40 岁。故选 A。 3Which is Daniel Fishers opinion? AThe bones are well worth s
22、tudying. BThe mammoth was killed by a butcher. CThe newfound site has evidence of human activity. DIts unclear whether the bones were a mammoths. 答案 C 解析 推理判断题。根据第三段第四句“It was hunted by humans，he says，who killed it and stored the remains in a pond as a way of preserving the meat for future use.”和最后一
23、句中的 “.but the skeleton showed signs of humans butchering.”可知，Daniel Fisher 认为发现猛犸 象的地方以前有人类活动的痕迹。故选 C。 4What does the underlined part in the last paragraph mean? ADried their bones. BTook their lives. CDestroyed their home. DPreserved their meat. 答案 B 解析 句意猜测题。此处指现在人们相信在人类对它们进行最后的打击之前，气候变暖使猛 犸象的数量减少
24、了。人类的最后打击指人类对猛犸象的大量捕杀。故选 B。 B (2019 山东济南质检) Barcelonas famous Segrada Familia is finally set to get a building licence,137 years after work on the still uncompleted church began. 12Construction on the UNESCO World Heritage basilica(长方形基督教堂)，which is Barcelonas most visited tourist attraction， began
25、in 1882 based on a design by architect Francisco Lozano.However， when he stepped down， architect Antoni Gaudi took over the design in 1883.The building wont be finished until 2026one hundred years after the architect was killed by a streetcar in the city.His body was buried in a room under the floor
26、 of the Sagrada Familia. To get its paperwork rubber 10stamped，the church authorities have agreed to finally pay the government a36 million fee for a building permit.Gaudi was told to get the paperwork processed， but the architect failed to do soproceeding with construction regardless.The money from
27、 the churchs permit will be used to upgrade transport links and beautify the area.Gaudi and his works have become symbols of Barcelona，the capital city of Catalonia，northeast Spain. Gaudi played an active role in directing the construction of the Sagrada Familia until his death in 1926.He would ofte
28、n request that work be modified and adjusted until it was exactly what he had in mind.However,5interpretation of the designs by present day architects is particularly challenging because of the nature of the existing designs. The unfinished building is called a masterpiece of Gothic architecture and
29、 it is perhaps the most unique and mysterious building in the style ever constructed.The popularity of the site with tourists has helped fund the push to complete the church and pay for the paperwork. 语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了巴塞罗那著名的 Segrada Familia 教堂终于获得了建 筑许可。这座 137 年前开始建造的尚未完工的教堂又开始动工了。 5What do we kno
30、w about the Segrada Familia? AIt has been completely constructed. BIt was first designed by Antoni Gaudi. CIt will get a building permit in 2026. DIt began to be built 137 years ago. 答案 D 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段“Barcelonas famous Segrada Familia is finally set to get a building licence,137 years after work o
31、n the still uncompleted church began.”可知，Segrada Familia 始建于 137 年前。故选 D。 6What can we infer about Antoni Gaudi? AHe wished to be buried in the church. BHe is remembered as a great architect. CHe didnt know a permit was necessary. DHe is to blame for the unfinished church. 答案 B 解析 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Ga
32、udi and his works have become symbols of Barcelona，the capital city of Catalonia，northeast Spain.”和第四段第一句“Gaudi played an active role in directing the construction of the Sagrada Familia until his death in 1926.”可推知， Antoni Gaudi 是一位伟大的建筑师。故选 B。 7What makes the Segrada Familia so popular? AIts unusu
33、al design style. BIts two famous architects. CIts special building materials. DIts illegal construction paperwork. 答案 A 解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“The unfinished building is called a masterpiece of Gothic architecture and it is perhaps the most unique and mysterious building in the style ever constructed.”可
34、知，独特的设计风格让 Segrada Familia 大受欢迎。故选 A。 8The church managed to pay for the licence . Ain the support of the government Bby reducing construction costs Cwith the aid of tourist income Dthrough donations from architects 答案 C 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，该座教堂没有建筑许可证。再根据最后一段的 末句“The popularity of the site with tou
35、rists has helped fund the push to complete the church and pay for the paperwork.”可知，教堂通过旅游收入来支付建筑许可证的费用。故选 C。 .障碍词汇突破 (一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思 1It took them about one month to figure out how to start the equipment.弄清 2To confirm the results，he made calculations based on his own data，whose results we
36、re almost the same.v.确认 3The daily flight to the city has been temporarily delayed because of the earthquake.adv.暂时地 4The sun，at least，so far as we are concerned，is standing still.adj.静止的 5Its difficult to put an accurate interpretation on the survey results without enough reference. n.解释 (二)同义词语替换
37、6On arrival in Australia you must declare all food，plant material and animal products for inspection to ensure they are free of pests and diseases.check 7The society was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction.protect 8Frequently checking your messages and micro blogs can weaken your c
38、oncentration and productivity.reduce (三)一词多义 9post v发帖子 n.柱子；帖子；职位 v& n邮寄 (1)As a result，youll receive your book through the post.n.邮寄 (2)My father has held full- time teaching posts at several universities.n.职位 (3)Below is a message and some responses that are posted on a health website.v.发帖子 (4)Ed
39、die parked his cycle against a lamp post and locked it.n.柱子 10stamp n邮票；印，章 v盖章；跺脚 (1)Its amazing that he possesses such a large collection of stamps.n.邮票 (2)He stamped his name on all his books to keep track.v.盖章 (3)Chinese paintings generally have calligraphic inscriptions in the form of poetry an
40、d a special stamp.n.印，章 (4)In order to keep warm，we stamped our feet constantly.v.跺脚 .长难句理解 11The bones are being temporarily stored nearby，according to the Free Press，and it remains unclear where theyll eventually end up. 句式分析 本句为并列句。and 前谓语动词是 are being stored，是现在进行时的被动语态； and 后面主句为 it remains unc
41、lear, 其中 it 作形式主语，真正的主语是 where 引导的从句。 精美译文 据自由媒体报道， 这些骨头被暂时存放在附近， 但还不清楚它们最终会去哪儿。 12Construction on the UNESCO World Heritage basilica(长方形基督教堂)，which is Barcelonas most visited tourist attraction， began in 1882 based on a design by architect Francisco Lozano. 句式分析 本句为复合句，主语是 construction，谓语是 began。wh
42、ich 引导的是定语从句， 修饰先行词 basilica。based on.作状语，表示“以为依据”。 精美译文 被列为联合国教科文组织世界遗产的大教堂(长方形基督教堂)是巴塞罗那最 受欢迎的旅游景点，它始建于 1882 年，根据建筑师弗朗西斯科 洛扎诺的设计建造。 强化练强化练(十三十三) .阅读理解 A (2019 东北三省四市二模) Connecting with people has become so much easier with advancing technology.Tasks that once required an operator，postage stamp or
43、carrier pigeon are now as simple as tapping a name or even a face on your screen，and youre connected.But also easier is unconsciously getting caught up in a dilemma by violating certain new rules for communicating.A big one for some：Dont call until youve texted to confirm its OK to call.But thats ju
44、st the beginning. “Im usually pretty chill and not much bothers me，” said Mark Angielle，a 29- year- old office manager from White Plains，New York.But the one thing that he hates more than anything else in life is the terrible one- word message“K.” “At the very least reply with，Got it.” he said，“At l
45、east give me a few words here.Youre not that busy.” There are hundreds，perhaps even thousands，of others who have taken to social media to express their distaste for people who dont follow the unwritten rules of digital communication. “These rules are simply a new display of a phenomenon weve seen in
46、 the past，” said James Ivory，professor of communication at Virginia Tech.In the same way that generations and small groups of friends have their own slang and customs，Internet culture has given birth to technology- dependent beings that have their own unique set of routine. But not everyone gets the
47、 point.Unlike language，digital communication can be filled with ambiguous clues (线索、 迹象) that the person on the other end of the call， text or email may or may not easily understand. “As soon as people arent talking face to face，the first thing that gets lost is some of the richness of the body lang
48、uage， ” Ivory said， “People immediately fill that gap by using emoji(表 情符号) to sum up a feeling in seconds.” “Theres great potential for danger，”Ivory warned.“Whats considered polite in one form might be inappropriate or rude in another occasion.” 语篇解读 这是一篇议论文。随着技术的进步，人与人之间的联系变得越来越容易，但在数 字通信中更容易违反某些
49、新的交流规则而无意识地陷入两难境地。许多人对这种现象表达了 忧虑。 1What can you infer about Mark from Paragraph 2? AHe is a businessman with a bad temper. BHe complains about social manners. CHe cant bear one- word messages. DHe dislikes a busy business life. 答案 C 解析 细节理解题。由第二段第二句“But the one thing that he hates more than anything else in life is the terrible one- word messageK.”可知，在生活中他最痛恨的一件事就是一个字的 信息。所以通过关键词“hate，terrible”可以判断出，马
