2019-2020学年度牛津译林版七年级下Unit2知识点详解

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1、 2019-2020学年度7下Unit2知识点详解学习目标本单元介绍了七年级一班的学生在讨论他们的社区生活;通过艾米和西蒙的对话,重点介绍了西蒙所在的社区以社区中心为平台倡导邻里之间相互帮助的良好生活氛围。本单元还通过社区里人们职业的介绍,引导学生用be going to结构讨论自己的职业理想。通过学习要能掌握一般将来时态的结构和用法;要能模仿所学内容,以口、笔头形式介绍社区里人们友好相处,遇到生活难题后相互提供帮助的情景,弘扬和谐社区的建设,树立把自己的社区建设成环境优美、生活丰富、人际友好的现代化家园的信心和决心。重点难点 1重点词汇及短语 词汇及短语相关提示(1) neighbour n

2、. 邻居;邻国 知道其美国英语的拼写(2)like prep.像,像一样辨析like及as。(3) helpful adj. 给予帮助的,有益的 掌握help的短语及用法。(4) check vt.检查, 核实 辨析check, examine, test及review。(5) fix vt. 固定;安装;修理辨析mend , repair 及fix(6) anyone pron. 任何人;任何一个 辨析anyone及any one(7) college n. 大学;专科学院 辨析college及university。(8) elder n. 长者adj. 年纪较大的 辨析elder及olde

3、r(9)job n.(一件)工作;职责;职业 辨析job及work(10)person n.人;(语法)人称 辨析person及people(11)sick adj. 患病的;不舒服的 辨析sick及ill。(12)notice n. 通知;布告vt.注意到掌握其作动词的多种用法。(13) lucky adj. 运气好的 掌握其作名词、副词的用法。(14)help sb with sth.助某人解决某事掌握其后跟动词不定式的用法。(15) do some shopping 买东西 掌握do some 的其他短语的用法。(16) in the future在将来 辨析in the future及

4、in future。(17) worry about 为担心掌握be worried about的用法。 2重点交际句式及句型(1)-Where are you going? 你准备去哪里? -Im going to 我准备去(2)I m afraid they wont do 恐怕他们将不去做(3) Theres something wrong with 出故障了。(4) Someone is ready to help. 有人乐于帮忙。(5) It is lucky for sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说做某事是幸运的。(6) She has to go to work by

5、train. 她只好乘火车区上班。(7) That sounds like a good idea. 那听起来像个好主意。(8) They will make you feel better. 他们会使得你感觉好多了。 3重点语法 (1)一般将来时态的构成及用法; (2)be going to 结构表示将来; 4表达 用本单元所学的内容,写一篇短文,介绍如何在邻里之间或社区里给他人提供帮助或如何建设一个和谐的社区。5. 语音英语朗读中的连读技巧学法指津1课前学生通过走访社区,了解自己所住社区的面积、人口、地理位置、邻居们的职业情况及他们的生活状况,为本单元的学习作铺垫。2. 开展以讲述邻里间的

6、感人小故事为主题的活动,激起学生们原有的生活经历或经验,为描写本单元的话题积累素材。探究俱乐部与你探究词语辨析一读通1. neighbour neib n. 邻居;邻国 美国英语写作 neighborMarys flat is next to mine, she is my neighbour. 玛丽的家在我家隔壁,她是我邻居。Canada and the USA are neighbours. 加拿大和美国是邻国。联想词:neighbouring adj.邻近的 neighbourhood nebhd n. 街坊,四邻,居民区,城区 美国英语写作neighborhood a poor nei

7、ghborhood 贫民区I often do something around my neighborhood. 我常为四邻做些事情。We want to live in the neighbourhood of london. 我们想住在伦敦附近。2. visitor vizit n.访问者;参观者,客人,旅客联想词:visit v. n. 参观,访问,预览 visit a factory 参观工厂 go on a visit to the seaside去海滨游玩 make a visit to the Tower 参观伦敦塔Visitors mustnt take photos in

8、the palace. 游客禁止在宫殿里拍照。These days our school gets a lot of visitors from the US. 这些天我们学校有许多来自美国的参观者。3. like laik prep. 像,相似,类似He looks like his father. 他看上去像他父亲。What is your father like? 你父亲是个什么样子的人?Dont do it like that. Do it like this. 不要像那个样子做这件事。像这样做。【解析】like/as like 和as都有“像,跟一样”的意思,但它们的词性不同,在句中

9、的结构也不同。like是介词,其后要接名词或代词,常见的搭配有:be like, look like, feel like, like this, like that等。as是连词,其后接句子;当它用作介词时,意思是“作为,当作”。如:Do it as I tell you. 照我说的办。Dont treat him as a child. He is 18 years old now. 不要把他当作孩子。他现在18岁了。4. waiter weit n. (男)侍者;(男)服务员联想词:waitress n 女招待,女服务员 wait v. n. 等待,等候 wait for sb. 等待某

10、人 wait at table 伺候用餐Waiter, there is a fly in my soup! 服务员,汤里有只苍蝇!The waiter is serving that table. 服务员在招待那一桌子。5. helpful helpful adj. 给予帮助的,有益的;愿意帮忙的联想词:help v. n. 帮助 helpless adj. 无助的,不能自立的 help sb (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 help sb with sth. 在某事上帮助某人 help oneself to sth. 随意(吃,用) with the help of 在的帮助下E

11、xercise is helpful for health.锻炼有助于健康。The following information may be helpful to readers.下列信息可能对读者有用。6. community kmju:niti n. 社区;社会团体 复数:communitiesSchool should become part of the community.学校应该成为社区的一部分。What are your needs for community support? 您需要什么样的团体支持呢?The community are getting impatient 社区

12、居民开始不耐烦了7. social sul adj. 社会的,社会上的;交际的,社交的;群居的联想词:society n. 社会;社团,协会 social customs 社会风俗 social workers 社会工作者 social problems 社会问题The family is a social unit. 家庭是一个社会单位。The ant is a social insect. 蚂蚁是群居性昆虫。8. check tek vt.检查, 核实 n.支票 check in (在旅馆、机场)登记,报到 check out 结账离开 check up 核对,检验 check on 检查

13、Youd better check the exam papers carefully before you turn it in.交卷之前你最好仔细检查。I would like to pay by check. 我想用支票付款。【解析】check, examine, test及review以上四词均有“检查”之意。区别为:check一般指通过核对材料看是否安全、正确或者有没有进展等;examine表示借助仪器等检查是否有问题或者毛病,要比较仔细、彻底的查看;test表示通过测试、试验、实验进行验证,看是否符合标准;review表示重新查看,再次检查、审查等含义。9. broken bruk

14、n adj. 破碎的,打碎的;(腿,臂等)已骨折的 (也是动词break过去分词)The window is broken. 窗子破了。How can you mend a broken heart? 你如何修补一颗破碎的心?Children from broken homes are more likely to leave home before the age of 18.破裂家庭里的孩子在18岁之前离家的可能性更大。10. fix fiks vt. 固定;安装;修理;使牢固Can you fix a computer? 你能修理电脑吗?He went up the ladder to

15、fix the tightrope. 他爬上梯子去固定钢丝。Lets fix upon a date for the meeting. 我们来确定一个会议日期吧。【解析】mend repair 及fix 三词都有“修理”之意,但用法和意义均有不同:repair:“修理”的对象着重于破损、毁坏或发生故障不能正常使用的物体。如:When I got home, my brother was repairing his radio.当我到家的时候,哥哥正在修理收音机。mend:“修理”的对象是一些琐碎的物品。如粘贴的小用具、玩具,要缝补的衣物等。如:My kite is broken. Can yo

16、u mend it? 我的风筝坏了,你能修吗?fix:用于需要重新“调”物体的结构,把松散的部件固定结实,将分离的物体各部分装配起来。如:Please fix a lid on the box. 请给这盒子装上盖子。11.anyone eniwn pron. 任何人;任何一个I dont believe in anyone. 我不相信任何人。I wont tell anyone I saw you here 我不会告诉任何人我在这儿见过你。Does anyone know where jack is? 有谁知道杰克在哪里?【解析】anyone及any oneanyone常用来泛指,后不能接of

17、短语作定语,但可用其它介词短语限制范围。并且只能用于人。如:Is there anyone in the class? 教室里有人吗?anyone不可与动词的否定形式连用。如果表示否定意义,则用no one(表示人)或者none(表示人和物)。如:Anyone didnt come here.() No one came here.()any one常用于特指,可以接of短语限制范围或者提供语境,既可以指人又可以指物。如:May I choose any one of the books? 我可以在这些书中任选其一吗?12. college klid n. 大学;(英国)专科学院;学会busi

18、ness college 商学院 teachers college 师范学院 college of education 教育学院She went to college at 17. 她十七岁上了大学。The college is closed during vacation. 假期期间学院不开课【解析】college及university university指的是综合性大学,而college表示的是单科性的大学或者学院。如:There are twenty-one colleges at Oxford University. 牛津大学有21个学院。13. lucky lki adj. 运气好

19、的,侥幸的;兆头好的,吉祥的联想词:luck n. 运气 luckily adv. 幸运地 good luck 好运气 a lucky dog 幸运儿Some people seem to be always lucky. 有些人似乎永远是幸运的。This is my lucky number.这是我的幸运数字。I am just very lucky. 我只是十分幸运罢了14. elder eld n. 长者,长辈,前辈 adj. 年纪较大的;资格老的;老练的She is my elder sister. 她是我姐姐。Shes the elder of the two.她是两个人中年龄较大的

20、一个。The young have no respect for their elders. 年轻人不尊重他们的长辈。【解析】elder及older这两词都是形容词old的比较级,区别如下:older指年龄的大小,既可用于一个家庭成员之间,又可用于非同一家庭成员之间,能作表语和定语,常与than连用。如:He is older than Jack. 他比杰克年长。elder用于同一个家庭成员之间的比较。elder当形容词时,只能作定语,它不能和than连用。当名词时指职位、身份较高的人。15. job db n.(一件)工作;职责;职业 What is your ideal job? 你理想的

21、工作是什么?I have a job as a teacher. 我担任教师工作。Thousands of people lost their jobs.数以千计的人失业了.【解析】job及workjob指已做或要做的某种具体工作,是可数名词。Work通常指抽象意义上的工作,是不可数名词。如:The job needs three-year work experience in school. 这项工作需要有三年学校工作经验。16. person psn n.人;(语法)人称 person指“人;个人”,是可数名词,有单、复数形式。people指“人,人们”,是集体名词,无单数形式;作“民族,

22、种族”解时,有单、复数形式。如:What kind of person would do a thing like that? 什么人会干那样的事呢?The price is $40 per person. 价格为每人40元。There were a lot of people /persons at the party. 有许多人参加聚会。He doesnt care what people think of him. 他不在乎人们怎样看他。There are more than fifty peoples in China. 中国有五十多个民族。17. sick sik adj. 恶心的;

23、病的;不舒服的feel sick 感到恶心 a sick boy 一位生病的孩子 the sick 病人(复数的概念)Mr King has a sick mother. 金先生有个生病的母亲。When she got up, she felt a little sick and took some medicine. 她起来时感到有点不舒服,于是吃了些药。The smell made me sick. 这种气味使我想呕吐。【解析】sick及ill 两个词作形容词,都有“生病的”意思。其区别是: ill当“生病”讲时通常只用作表语,不作定语,如不能说:ill man; 在指群体时也不能像某些形

24、容词那样用。如:(the rich , the fat) the ill。如:She cant go to school because she is ill. 她不能上学了,因为她病了。 sick既可以作表语,也可以作定语,在指病人时可以用the sick, 美国英语习惯用这个词。sick还有“恶心、讨厌、思念”的意思。如:Im sick of listening to his stories of trouble. 他老讲自己的烦恼事,我都听腻了。18.notice nutis n. 通知;布告;预告 vt.通知;留心;注意到Here is a notice for you. 这是给你的通

25、知。He noticed that she was reading the whole day. 他注意到她整天都在读书。注意:notice sb. do sth. 注意到某人做事的全过程;notice sb. doing sth注意到某人正做某事。19. help sb with sth. 帮助某人解决某种困难When I meet any trouble, Mr.Li always helps me with it. 我遇到麻烦,李老师总是帮我解决掉。I often help Mum with some housework. = I often help Mum do some house

26、work. 我常帮妈妈做些家务。20. do some shopping 买东西 Mum often goes out to do some shopping on Saturday. 妈妈经常周六出去买些东西。类似的结构有:do some cleaning 大扫除 do some washing 洗衣服 do some cooking 煮饭 do some sewing 做些针线活21. make a fire 生火They stopped at the river bank, made a fire and began to have a picnic. 他们停在河岸边,生了堆火,开始了野

27、餐。含有fire的短语有:be on fire 着火,起火 catch fire着火 put out the fire 灭火Play with fire 玩火 fire at 朝开火22. in the future 将来,在将来的日子里No one knows what will happen in the future. 没有人知道将来会发生什么。He was making plans for the future.他正在为将来制订计划。I believe I will have a bright future. 我相信我会有美好的未来。注意:in future 意为“今后”。如:I ho

28、pe you will be more careful in future. 我希望你今后更仔细些。23. worry about 为担心Dont worry about her, I can look after her. 不用担心她,我会照顾的。There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么值得发愁的。注意:worry about=be worried about worried为形容词,意为“担心的,烦恼的,焦虑的” 如:I am a little worried that something may go wrong. 我有点担心要出什么事。24. Ther

29、es something wrong with my computer. 我的电脑出故障了。句型; theres something wrong with something 相当于something is not working well或something doesnt work well. 意为“某物坏(失灵)了”。还可以用something is broken.或something is wrong with something. 25. Im going to ask a computer engineer to check it. 我打算找个电脑工程师检查一下。句中be going

30、 to 意为“准备,打算(做某事)”,这一结构表示将来。如:We are going to have a picnic in the country this weekend. 我们打算这个周末到乡下野餐。句中ask sb. to do sth. 意为“请某人做某事”,常用的动词还有:tell, order, want, need, teach等。如:The teacher tells us to share our ideas freely in class. 老师叫我们在课堂上自由发言。The policeman ordered him to stand in the corner. 警察

31、命令他站在角落里。 难句讲析一译通 1. Most of them have 14 floors. 他们中的大部分有十四层(高)。句中most意为“大部分,大多数”。most后一般直接跟可数或不可数名词,有时也可接有形容词修饰的名词。跟可数名词时,谓语动词要用复数形式。如:Most girls like playing volleyball. 大部分女孩都喜欢踢足球。I always spent most time learning English. 我总是把大部分时间花在学习英语上。most of后可直接跟有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词所修饰的名词。如:I spent most of my t

32、ime learning to play the piano last year. 去年我把大部分时间都花在学弹钢琴上。注意:most of 后接人称代词时,应用复数形式的宾格人称代词。如:Most of them are going off to Grangzhou next week. 他们中的多数人都准备下星期去广州。2. Some college students are ready to help. 一些大学生乐于帮忙。句中be ready to do sth. 意为“乐于做某事,愿意做某事”,相当于be willing to do sth. 如:She is kind and sh

33、e is always ready to help people in need. 她很友好,她总是乐意帮助那些需要帮助的人们。3. It is lucky for us to have a community centre like this. 对于我们来说拥有像这样的社区真是幸运。句型It is +adj. +for sb +to do sth. 意为“对于某人来说做是的” 如:It is important for us to learn English well. 对于我们来说学好英语是重要的。句中like作介词,意为“像”, 如:We are like a big family. 我

34、们像个大家庭。4. She has to go to work by train. 她只好乘火车区上班。句中have to do sth.意为“不得不做某事”,表示客观需要;如果表示主观要求就用must.如:I want to be an English teacher,in the future, so I must learn English well.我想将来做个英语教师,因此我必须学好英语。I got up late this morning, so I had to go to school by taxi. 今天早上我起床迟了,所以只好打的上学。句中by train 意为“乘火车”

35、,是介词短语。注意:by+交通工具,交通工具前不能加冠词the, 但可以用on the train。如:by bike =on the bike by bus=on the bus in the car = by cartake the train 意为“乘火车”,是动词短语。注意以下句型的转换:We took the train to Beijing last year.=We went to Beijing by train last year. 去年我们乘火车去了北京。I go to school by bike every day. = I ride my bike to school

36、 every day. = I go to school on my bike every day. 我每天骑自行车上学。5. That sounds like a good idea. 那听起来像个好主意。句中sound like 意为“听起来像”,sound意为“听起来”,和look , feel, smell 等一起属于连系动词,其后常接形容词作表语。如:The idea sounds nice. 这主意听起来不错。He looks tired but excited. 他看上去疲劳但很激动。The dish doesnt smell good. 这菜肴闻起来不好。That music

37、sounds like the crying of a baby. 那音乐听起来像婴儿的哭声。6. They will make you feel better. 他们会使得你感觉好多了。句中feel better中的better是well的比较级,well作“(身体)好”时是形容词。如:She is not feeling well these days. 这些天她感觉不舒服。句中make sb do sth. 意为“迫使某人做某事”,do sth为不带to的动词不定式在句中做宾语补足语。如:His words made all of us laugh. 他的话使得我们所有的人都笑了。语法分

38、析一点通一般将来时1一般将来时表示在将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态,一般将来时是由助动词shall或will +动词原形构成,疑问句中把will 或shall 提前到主语前面,否定句中,把not 加在助动词的后面。shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。shall 在疑问句中表示征求别人意见。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。如:I shall go to Beijing. 我将要去北京。He will have a birthday party. 他将举办一个生日舞会。We shall not study tomorrow. 我们明天不学习。 He w

39、ill not (wont)come to help you. 他不会来帮你的。 Shall we have a rest?我们休息吗?Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点你在家吗?2有些动词,如:come, arrive, go, leave等,用现在进行时与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用,可以表示将来时。例:My mother is coming to visit me next week. 我妈妈下周将来看我。They are leaving for America early tomorrow morning. 他们明天一早前往

40、美国。3表示“打算去,要”时,可用be going to do。如:This is just what I am going to say. 这正是我想说的。My mother is going to take me to the zoo. 我妈妈今要带我去动物园。4be going to与will两者都可表示将要发生的事、将要去做某事。be going to 与 will 它们有如下几点区别:(1) be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情,will 表示的将来时间则较远一些。如:He is going to write a letter tonight. 他今晚要写一封信。He

41、 will write a book one day. 总有一天他会写一本书的。(2)be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情,will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。如:He is seriously ill. He is going to die. 他病的很厉害。他快要死了。He will be twenty years old. 他将有二十岁了。(3)be going to 含有“计划,准备”的意思,而 will 则没有这个意思。如:She is going to lend us her book. 她准备把她的书借给我们。He will be here in half

42、an hour. 半个小时之后他将到达这里。 5three be结构的一般将来时 there be结构一般将来时的形式是there will be,否定式not放在will的后面,一般疑问句将will提到句首。如: There will be an English party this evening. 今晚将有一场英语晚会。 -Will there be a heavy rain next week? 下个星期将有一场大雨吗? -Yes, there will./ No, there wont. 是的,有。/不,没有。 表达剖析一解通一、洋腔洋调。 1. 根据中文提供的情景,用英文问两个wh

43、-问题。 (1)西蒙的电脑出故障了,他准备请社区的电脑工程师检查一下。 (2)桑迪擅长画画,她准备将来做个艺术家。 (3)社区里的社会工作者很乐于助人,他们经常帮助老人去购物。2. 跟着录音模仿朗读以下短文。 My community is in the centre of the city. It is next to the city park. There are about 3000 people in it. They have different jobs, such as doctors, teachers, engineers, policemen, bank workers,

44、 postmen, managers. There is a “helping hands” meeting every weekend. The sociel workers in the community are always ready to help you with your problems. People there are friendly to each other. We are like a big family.二、下笔成章。本单元重点介绍了社区里人们之间相互帮助,共创美好家园的情景。如果你想结合自己的社区写一篇“My neighbourhood”的短文,请遵如下步骤

45、写作: 1. 罗列要点,理清思路 (1)简单介绍社区的位置、面积、环境及人口情况。 (2)重点介绍社区里人们是怎样相互帮助的,选择一、两个事例进行详细的描述。 (3) 最后要有概括的语言总结你社区的生活和你的感想。 2组织句子,梳理成章 正确使用词语与句型,句与句之间注意连贯,过渡自然流畅。3. 可能用到的句型:My community is in the of the city. There arepeople living here. It is not big but People are always to each other. They often help with There is something wrong with They are going to It is lucky for sb. to do sth.范文选读:My NeighbourhoodMy flat is in the centre of the town. Its on the twelfth floor, the top of the building. There are only five

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