1、三年（2017-2019）年高考真题分项汇编专题 09 定语从句 一、2019 年高考真题1.【2019江苏卷单项填空】 21.We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true. A. which B. what C. when D. that【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为 an age（一个时代） ，且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用 when。 故选 C。2.【2019天津卷单项填空】11.Their child
2、is at the stage_ she can say individual words but not full sentences.A. why B. where C. which D. what【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中 she can say individual words but not full sentences 是一个定语从句，先行词是 the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词 where，故选 B。3.【2019新课标 I 卷 短文改错】One afternoon where I wa
3、s in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.【答案】One afternoon whernI was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.【解析】考查定语从句。先行词 one afternoon 表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用 when。故将 where 改为 when。4.【2019新课标 II 卷语法填空】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet sho
4、p in Macclesfield， _62_ she opened with her late husband Les.【答案】where【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为 the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened 一词的宾语，故用 which。5.【2019新课标 III 卷语法填空 】They were well trained by their masters _64_ had great experience with caring for these animals.【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们
5、的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为 masters（主人） ，且从句缺主语。故关系词填 who。6.【2019新课标 III 卷短文改错 】 In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.【答案】In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment whatt/icis created for them. 【解析】本句考查定语从句。先行词
6、environment 在从句中做主语，指物，关系代词用 that/which。故 把what 改为 that/which。7.【2019浙江卷语法填空】On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _58_gives off light in the dark.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是 cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that 或 which 引导。故填 that/which。8.【2019北京卷语法填空】What students do at college s
7、eems to matter much more than _8_ they go.【答案】where【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用 where。9.【2019北京卷语法填空】The students benefitting most from college are those _9_ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.【答案】who/that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。_3_ are totally en
8、gaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词 those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who 或 that。二、2018 年高考真题1.【2018北京】5. She and her family bicycle to work, _ helps them keep fit.A. which B. who C. as D. that【答案】A【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。 “_ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词 which
9、 引导。A 选项正确。点睛：非限制性定语从句即可修饰主句的一部分，也可以修饰整个主句。其引导词的选择和限制性定语从句的判断规则一致，即：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。需要注意的是，that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。2.【2018天津】2. Kae, _sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.A. whom B. that C. whose D. her【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和
10、她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为 Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词 sister 的定语，故用关系代词whose。故选 C。点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词；2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。3.【2018江苏】23. Self-driving is an area _ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.A. that B. where C. which D. when【答案】B【解
11、析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为 area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词 where，相当于 in which。故选 B。点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词。2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。4.【2018新课标 I 卷 语法填空】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 m
12、inutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes (cause).【答案】that 或 which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处 a study 是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填 that 或 which。4.【2018新课标 I 卷 短文改错】They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by
13、selling the fish.【答案】 which 改成 in which 或 where【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处 a small pond 是先行词，其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用 in which 或 where。5.【2018新课标 II 卷语法填空】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government _started_ (start) a soil-testing program _69_ gives specific ferti
14、lizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.【答案】that 或 which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。根据空后的谓语动词 gives 可知，该空缺少主语，指代 program 并且引导后面的句子。指物用 that/which，故填 that 或者 which。6.【2018新课标 II 卷语法填空】Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once
15、they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.【答案】that 或 who【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是 westerners 指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词 who/that 引导，故填 who/that。三、2017 年高考真题1.【2017北京卷】31. The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.A. that B. as C. where D. when 【答案】A【解析】试题
16、分析：句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。_ we meet in our daily lives 是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是 problems，用 that。考点：考查定语从句。【名师点睛】定语从句的关系词分为关系代词（who, whom, whose, that, which, as 等）和关系副词（when, where, why 等）。1. 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语，定语等成分。关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。eg. An architect is a person who /
17、 that designs houses and buildings.The city where / in which I was born is on the new railway line.2. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可省略（非限定性定语从句中不可省略） 。e.g. I find it difficult to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.I find it difficult to cooperate wi
18、th the one who always sticks to his own opinion.The suit (which / that ) the tailor made for me doesnt fit me.3. 非限定性定语从句中，关系词均不可省略。注意关系代词 that, 关系副词 why, 不可用于非限定性定语从句。4. 作介词宾语的关系代词在限制和非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作介词宾语，即介词+关系代词，whom 用于指人，which 用于指物，不能用 that。e.g. The man with whom you shook hands just now is head
19、of our department.Mrs. Nye, with whom you shook hands just now, is head of our department.The room in which my family live used to be a garage.2.【2017江苏】28. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A. which B. its C. whose D. whom 【答案】C【解析】
20、试题分析：考查定语从句。先行词是“the World Food Programme”， “世界粮食项目”的目的之一是，whose 在定语从句中作定语，这里限定 purposes，故选 C。句意：1963 年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是为了缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。考点：考查定语从句3.【2017天津】9. My eldest son, _ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.A. that B. whose C. his D. who【答案】B【解析】试题分析： 本句是一个非限制性定语从句
21、，先行词是 My eldest son, 根据句意和空后名词确定引导词在从句中作定语，选项中只有 whose 修饰名词作定语。故选 B。考点：考查定语从句。【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词 that, which, whom, as， who 在句中做主语，宾语，表语;whose 做定语； where, why, when 在句中做地点，原因和时间状语。要分析定语从句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。2016 年高考真题1.【2016北京】22. I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lo
22、t of noise.A. whose B. why C. where D. which【答案】A【解析】试题分析：题目考查定语从句的关系词。a couple 是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children 和couple 是所属关系，故用 whose 作定语，whose children 相当于 the children of whom，故选 A。考点：考查定语从句2.【2016江苏】23.Many young people, most _were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.A. of whi
23、ch B. of them C. of whom D. of those【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是 Many young people，关系代词 whom 指代先行词，在定语从句中作为介词 of 的宾语。句意：很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想，其中大部分人都是受过良好教育。故 C 正确。【名师点睛】“of whom / which”引导的定语从句：在非限制性定语从句中，先行词作为一个整体，表示整体中的一部分，即表示“部分与整体” 的关系时，用of which / whom 或者 of which / whom都可以。但与表示所属关系不同，这里不能用
24、whose 来代替 of which。一、表示整体中的部分The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽车大多数都已经挤满了人，它们被愤怒的人群包围着。I picked up the apples, some of which were badly bruised. 我拣起那些苹果，其中有一些伤得很厉害。I bought a dozen eggs, six of which broke when I dropped the box. 我买了一打鸡蛋，六个在我失手掉了盒子时摔碎了
25、。There are two bottles left, one of which is almost finished and the other of which is not quite. 只剩两瓶，一瓶快喝完了，另一瓶没完全喝完。The treasure some of which has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum. 这些宝藏已送往大英博物馆，其中有一些是失而复得的。二、表示所属关系Hes written a book, the name of which Ive forgotten. 他写了一本书，书名我忘
26、了。句中的 the name of which=whose name。It was an agreement the details of which could not be altered. 这是一项其细节不可更改的协定。句中的 the details of which=whose details。考点：考查定语从句3.【2016浙江】11. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of _ has been proved.A. whom B. which C. what
27、D. that【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证明了。使用定语从句，先行词是 theories，指物，定语从句中用代词+介词+关系代词 which 引导。故选 B。考点：考查定语从句。【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词 that, which, whose, whom, as， who在句中做主语，宾语，表语或者定语；where, why, when 在句中做地点，原因和时间状语。要分析定语从句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。如果是代词+of+关系代词，注意先行词是人用whom，先行词是物
28、用 which。4.【2016天津】9. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, _ the weather may be better.A. that B. where C. which D. when【答案】D【解析】试题分析： 句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。使用定语从句，先行词是 next week，定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少时间状语。故选 D。考点：考查定语从句。【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词 that, which, whose, whom, as， who在句中做主语，宾语，表语或者定语；where, why, when 在句中做地点，原因和时间状语。要分析定语从句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。
