1、三年（2017-2019）高考真题英语分项汇编专题 15 阅读理解社会生活、议论类一、2019 年高考真题1. 【2019全国卷 II，C】Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beachs Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtels “me” time. And like more Americans, shes no
2、t alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent ，according to statistics from the report.“I prefer to go out and
3、 be out. Alone，but together，you know？”Bechtel said，looking up from her book. Bechtel，who works in downtown West Palm Beach，has lunch with coworkers sometimes，but like many of us，too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.
4、She returns to work feeling energized. “Today， I just wanted some time to myself， ”she said.Just two seats over，Andrew Mazoleny，a local videographer，is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom hes on a first-name basis i
5、f he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my days gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “Its a chance for self-reflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when peopl
6、e may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one，but those days are over. Now，we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesnt feel as alone as it may have before al the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demerit， whose company provided the statistics for the report.28.
7、What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?A. Food variety. B. Eating habits.C. Table manners. D. Restaurant service.29. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?A. To meet with her coworkers.B. To catch up with her work.C. To have some time on her own.D. To collect data for her report.30. What
8、 do we know about Mazoleny?A. He makes videos for the bar.B. Hes fond of the food at the bar.C. He interviews customers at the bar.D. Hes familiar with the barkeeper.31. What is the text mainly about?A. The trend of having meals alone.B. The importance of self-reflection.C. The stress from working o
9、vertime.D. The advantage of wireless technology.【语篇解读】本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势。28.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在美国，约有 46%的人们独自用餐，53% 的人们独自吃早餐，46%的人们独自吃午餐，只有 74%的人们晚餐不是独自享用，故可知本段的数据是关于用餐习惯，故选 B。29.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段 A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping
10、 her on the shoulder. Today, I just wanted some time to myself.可知，Bechtel 一个人吃午饭可以让她逃离老板的关注，给自己留一些自由时间，故选 C。30.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段 he likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom hes on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction.可知 Mazoleny 喜欢这
11、样的气氛，因为可以坐在那里，查看手机信息，或者想聊天了，可以直呼吧台服务员名字和他聊天，故可知，他与服务员很熟悉，可以直呼对方名字，故选 D。31.A 【解析】主旨大意题。本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势，故选 A。2. 【2019全国卷 III，B】For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.“Its no secret that China h
12、as always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers,“ says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows.Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspir
13、ed fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学 )on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influe
14、nces.“China is impossible to overlook,“ says Hill. “Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion they are central to its movement. “Of course, only are todays top Western designe
15、rs being influenced by China-some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese.“ Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales,“ adds Hil.For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the
16、leading player when discussing fashion. “The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers,“ she says. “China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China-its influences, its d
17、irection, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.“24. What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?A. It promoted the sales of artworks.B. It attracted a large number of visitors.C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes.D. It aimed
18、to introduce Chinese models.25. What does Hill say about Chinese women?A. They are setting the fashion. B. They start many fashion campaigns.C. They admire super models. D. They do business all over the world.26. What do the underlined words “taking on“ in paragraph 4 mean?A. learning from B. lookin
19、g down onC. working with D. competing against27. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the WorldB. A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New YorkC. Differences Between Eastern and Western AestheticsD. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。
20、文章主要讲了中国文化对世界时尚届的影响，中国年轻的设计师和模特如何最终在许多方面被认可。中国成了世界时尚的风向标。24.B【解析】细节理解题。答案定位在第三段 The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.（此次展览吸引的参观者人数创下了记录，显示出人们对中国影响的浓厚兴趣。）由此可知，纽约的展览吸引了许多参观者，故选 B。25.A 【解析】细节理解题。答案定位在第四段 Chinese models are the faces of beauty a
21、nd fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion-they are central to its movement . （中国模特是向全世界女性推销梦想的美和时尚活动的代言人，这意味着中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者她们是这场运动的核心。 ）由此可知，Hill 说中国女性开创了新时尚，故选 A。26.D 【解析】词义猜测题。下文 and beating them hands down in des
22、ign and sales 说并在设计和销售上击败他们。由此推断出上文 Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Mare Jacobs 的意思是Vera Wang、Alexander Wang 和 Jason Wu 正在与 Galliano、Albaz 和 Mare Jacobs 竞争。taking on 意思是“竞争”，故选 D。27.D 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段 china and its culture have long been an inspiration for western
23、 creations.以及最后一段 If you talk about fashion today , you are talking about China - its influences , its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.“（如果你今天谈论时尚，你谈论的是中国它的影响，它的方向，它令人惊叹的服装，以及年轻的设计师和模特如何最终在许多方面被认可。 ） ，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章最恰
24、当的题目是“中国文化助力国际时尚潮流”，故选 D。3. 【2019天津卷，D】Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，
25、he determines to write a book.The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote（堂吉诃德 ）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end o
26、f their days，while others go to seed long before？Weve all known people who run out of steam before they reach lifes halfway mark. Im not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We cant all get there. Im talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the f
27、ixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.Most of us，in fact，progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But，if we are willing to lean，the oppor
28、tunities are everywhere.The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we cant change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please，some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventu
29、ally relaxing.With high motivation and enthusiasm，we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However，we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos（自我） ，whether to loved ones，to fellow humans，to w
30、ork，or to some moral concept.Many of us equate（视等同于） “commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence whether they are driving a truck，or running a store-mak
31、e the world better just by being the kind of people they are. Theyve learned lifes most valuable lesson.51. The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that_.A. loss of freedom stimulates ones creativityB. age is not a barrier to achieving ones goalC. misery inspires a man to fight agains
32、t his fateD. disability cannot stop a mans pursuit of success52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？A. End ones struggle for liberty.B. Waste ones energy taking risks.C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.D. Lose the interest to continue learning.53. What could be inferred from
33、Paragraph 4？A. Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.B. Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.C. Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.D. Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.54. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5？A. A tough man can tolerate
34、 suffering.B. A wise man can live without self-pity.C. A man should try to satisfy people around him.D. A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.55. What is the authors purpose in writing the passage？A. To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.B. To stress the need of shoulde
35、ring responsibilities at work.C. To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.D. To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。51.B 【解析】推理判断题。第一段讲述塞万提斯一生不幸，负债累累，因为战争受伤左手残疾，同时还身陷囹圄，在 53 岁的时候决定写书，最终写出成名作唐吉柯德 ，根据后文可知，所有的困境都没有阻挡他的
36、成功，年龄也是如此，故选 B。52.D【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段 Im talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.故可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知 run out of steam 可知，停止学习，故选 D。53.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段 we lose th
37、e sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere.可知，我们失去了好奇感，但是如果我们愿意学习，机会无处不在，故可知，机会总是留给那些好奇心的人，故选 C。54. D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段 we learn to bear with the things we cant change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are n
38、ever going to love usan idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.可知，我们学会承受那些无法改变的事情，学会避免自怜，也学会了无论我们怎么去取悦别人，有些人是无法喜欢我们的，这个观点起初让我们苦恼，但是之后会让我们释怀，故可知，本段作者告诉我们要学会使用恰当的方式来对待生活，故选 D。55.A 【解析】主旨大意题。本文讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义，故本文作者的目的是为了指导我们过一个有意义的成年人生活，故选 A。6. 【2019江苏卷，C】Who cares if people t
39、hink wrongly that the Internet has had more important influences than the washing machine? Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes?It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of peoples opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in
40、 misguided use of scarce resources.The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so “yesterday“ that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in “post-industrial
41、 society“ has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业) with negative consequences for their economies.Even more worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the “digital divide“ between the rich c
42、ountries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable th
43、ings such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved peoples lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important,
44、but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and
45、transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a “borderless world“. As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock
46、 back. Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the national and
47、the international levels, and for making the right career choices at the individual level. However, our fascination with the latest, and our under valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong directions.61. Misjudgments on the influences of new technology c
48、an lead to _.A. a lack of confidence in technologyB. a slow progress in technologyC. a conflict of public opinionsD. a waste of limited resources62. The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should _.A. take peoples essential needs into accountB. make their programmes attractive to peopleC.
49、ensure that each child gets financial supportD. provide more affordable internet facilities63. What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations?A. Neglecting the impacts of technological advances.B. Believing that the world has become borderless.C. Ignoring the power of economic development.D. Over-emphasizing the role of international communication.64. What can we learn from the passage?A. People should be encouraged to make more donations.B. Traditional technology still has a place nowadays.
