1、三年（2017-2019）高考真题英语分项汇编专题 20 完形填空说明文、议论文一、2019 年高考真题（无）二、2018 年高考真题（无）三、2017 年高考真题（无）2016 年高考题【2016上海】Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the
2、context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction
3、 in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritaria
4、n (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-makingall members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by
5、the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers canno
6、t.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may b
7、e 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business
8、plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65 of the team mem
9、bers in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike 52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme 53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above 55. A. re
10、placing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging 56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male 59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing 60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating 61
11、. A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally 63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness2015 年高考试题议论文类【2015广东】 阅读下面短文，掌握其大
12、意，然后从 115 各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is _1_ to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live if he or she is _2_ healthy and lucky. Some s
13、cientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce _3_. They wear out, and as a result, we get old and _4_ die.Even though we cant live forever, we are living a _5_ life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span (寿命) was only 47 ye
14、ars, but today it is 75 years!When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the _6_ line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people dont begin to experience physical and mental _7_ until after age 75.People are living longer because more people _8_ childhood. Befor
15、e modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood _9_. Now that the chances of dying _10_ are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.On the whole, our population is getting older. The _11_ in our population will h
16、ave lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see _12_, not disaster, many men and women in their “golden years” are healthy, still active, and young in _13_ if not in age.As the society grows old, we need the _14_
17、of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to _15_ active and devoted.1. A. designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered2. A. completely B. generally C. apparently D. extremely3. A. rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly D. separately4. A. eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically
18、 D. desperately5. A. busier B. longer C. richer D. happier6. A. finishing B. guiding C. waiting D. dividing7. A. stress B. damage C. decline D. failure8. A. survive B. enjoy C. remember D. value9. A. problems B. fears C. worries D. diseases10. A. poor B. young C. sick D. quiet11. A. changes B. recov
19、ery C. safety D. increases12. A. dreams B. chances C. strengths D. choices13. A. mind B. appearance C. voice D. movement14. A. protection B. suggestions C. contributions D. permission15. A. sound B. appear C. turn D. stay2014 年高考试题议论文类【2014广东卷】完形填空Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teena
20、gers. Then again, teenagers have 1 feelings about their parents, saying that it is not easy living with them. According to a recent research, the most common 2 between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks. On the one hand, parents go mad over 3 rooms, clothes th
21、rown on the floor and their childrens refusal to help with the 4 . On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for 5 the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket.The research, conducted by St. George
22、University, shows that different parents have different 6 to these problems. However, some approaches are more 7 than others. For example, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but 8 clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their childrens 9 . On the contrary,
23、 those who let teenagers experience the 10 of their actions can do better. For example, when teenagers who dont help their parents with the shopping dont find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to 11 their actions.Psychologists say that 12 is the most important thing in parent
24、-child relationships. Parents should 13 to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say. Parents may 14 their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space. Communication is a two-way process. It is on
25、ly by listening to and 15 each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.1.A. natural B. strong C. guilty D. similar2.A. interest B. argument C. link D.knowledge3.A. noisy B. crowded C. messy D. locked4.A. homework B. housework C. problem D. research5.A. washing B. using C. dro
26、pping D. replacing6.A. approaches B. contributions C. introductions D. attitudes7.A. complex B. popular C. scientific D. successful8.A. later B. deliberately C. seldom D. thoroughly9.A. behavior B. taste C. future D. nature10.A. failures B. changes C. consequences D. thrills11.A. defend B. delay C.
27、repeat D. reconsider12.A. communication B. bond C. friendship D. trust13.A. reply B. attend C. attach D. talk14.A. hate B. scold C. frighten D. stop15.A. loving B. observing C. understanding D. praising2015 说明文1.【2015重庆】BImagine the first days in a new time zone. Slow to respond to the 28 , your bod
28、y clock is confused. Youre sleepy all day, but when its time for bed, you can hardly fall asleep. Obviously you are 29 jet lag（时差反应）.Travelers have traditionally fought this 30 with sleeping pills or alcohol. There are actually healthier ways that can work just as 31. For example, the moment you get
29、 on the airplane, start 32 your biological block to the destinations time. If its daytime in your destination, try to stay 33 . Walking around the cabin（客舱） can be of help. When its nighttime, try to sleep. In that case, eat before the flight, 34 an empty stomach will prevent you from sleeping. Thes
30、e tips will help you start a new 35of sleep and wakefulness.28. A. flight B. change C. demand D. climate29. A. suffering from B. working on C. looking into D. leading to30. A. danger B. problem C. waste D. fear31. A. briefly B. slowly C. suddenly D. effectively32. A. checking B. sending C. adjusting
31、 D. stopping33. A. awake B. alone C. hungry D. calm34. A. though B. so C. whole D. or35. A. understanding B. cycle C. research D. trend2.Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits
32、 the context.If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient peoples earned to center on hunting
33、and gathering wild foods for meals.In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 52 in peoples lives. The 53 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in pop
34、ular culture.Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 54 . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably he
35、ard that opposites attract but that 55 attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.First ImpressionTo help determine the 56 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each others
36、individuality. Then students were asked to 57 what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.As it turned out, their 58 judgments often held true. Students seemed to 59 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.The 6
37、0 KnowsScientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or
38、 is feeling 61 to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as 62 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information thro
39、ugh smell in every interaction with other people.Face ValueBeing fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for 63 . The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered t
40、he images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we 64 attractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic.When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 65 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attrac
41、tive seems to cause happy thinking.51. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise52. A. romantic B. stressful C. central D. artificial53. A. priority B. proof C. possibility D. principle54. A. tested B. impressed C. changed D. created55. A. appearances B. virtues C. similarities D. passions56.
42、 A. illustrations B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions57. A. predict B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall58. A. critical B. initial C. random D. mature59. A. memorize B. distinguish C. negotiate D. question60. A. Nose B. Eye C. Heart D. Hand61. A. open B. alert C. resistant D. superior62. A.
43、 disappointed B. amazed C. confused D. gifted63. A. emotion B. attractiveness C. individuality D. signals64. A. enhance B. possess C. maintain D. assess65. A. familiar B. plain C. positive D. irritating2014 高考题说明文【2014重庆卷】 Cultural differences occur wherever you go. When visiting another country, yo
44、u should be aware of those differences and 28_ them. Here are some 29_ on how to fit in.Every traveler to a foreign country feels 30_ at some point. What you do can make locals laugh. Your best defense is a sense of 31_. If you can laugh off eating with the wrong hand in India, locals will warm to y
45、ou as “that crazy foreigner.”Wearing proper cloths is important too, 32_ locals will judge by what you wear. In some Middle Eastern countries, exposing your flesh is 33_, especially if you are a woman. So leave your torn jeans at home.Also be cautious about expressing 34_. Getting angry in Southeast
46、 Asia just makes you look silly. In some countries it is 35_ to kiss in public.1. A. reject B. recite C. respect D. remove2. A. plans B. tips C. arguments D. choices3. A. unsafe B. excited C. satisfied D. awkward4. A. relief B. belonging C. humor D. direction5. A. but B. for C. so D. or6. A. forbidden B. allowed C. expected D. tolerated7. A. emotions B. concern C. interest D. views8. A. natural B. advisable C. unwise D. unnecessary
