1、三年（2017-2019）高考真题英语分项汇编专题 16 阅读理解说明类一、2019 年高考真题1. 【2019全国卷 I，C】As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologieslike fingerprint scansto keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Resea
2、rchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by
3、 analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine peoples identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer its connected toregardless of whether someone gets
4、 the password right.It also doesnt require a new type of technology that people arent already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard. Da
5、ta collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it
6、to market in the near future.28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A. To reduce pressure on keys. B. To improve accuracy in typingC. To replace the password system. D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible？A. Computers are m
7、uch easier to operate.B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.D. Data security measures are guaranteed.30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？all 1o soisgitieoco oll.A. Itll be environment-friendly. B. Itll reach consumers soon.
8、C. Itll be made of plastics. D. Itll help speed up typing.31. Where is this text most likely from?A. A diary. B. A guidebook C. A novel. D. A magazine.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，目前，向指纹扫描等这些技术仍然是昂贵的。本文介绍了一种新的科技智能键盘，它能给 e-space 用户带来安全，而且这项技术也不贵。28.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段的 At present, these technologies ar
9、e still expensive, though.和第二段的Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device that gets around this problem: a smart key board.可知，研究者们开发智能键盘是为了降低 e-space 保护的成本。故选 D。29.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的 The key board could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like th
10、e force of a users typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus，the keyboard can determine peoples identities 可知，因为每个人的打字方式不同，使智能键盘能够识别人的身份。故选 C。30.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段的 The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.可知，研究者们希望智能键盘能早日面世。故选 B。31.D【解析】推理
11、判断题。本文介绍了一种新的科技智能键盘，它能给 e-space 用户带来安全，由此可知，本文是关于科技，结合所给选项可知，本文可能来自于一本杂志。故选 D。2. 【2019全国卷 I，D】During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and me
12、an girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular
13、 into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence:
14、 status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinsteins studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risk
15、y behavior.”In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. B
16、ut so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.“Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness carry over to l
17、ater years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for lea
18、rning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool.33. What is the second paragraph mainly about？A. The classification of the popular.B. Th
19、e characteristics of adolescents.C. The importance of interpersonal skills.D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.34. What did Dr. Prinsteins study find about the most liked kids?A. They appeared to be aggressive.B. They tended to be more adaptable.C. They enjoyed the highest status.D. They performe
20、d well academically.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Be Nice-You Wont Finish LastB. The Higher the Status, the BeerC. Be the Best-You Can Make ItD. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲到研究表明，对别人好，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。32.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段 During the rosy years of elemen
21、tary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status（在美好的小学时光里，我喜欢分享我的娃娃和笑话，这让我保持了高高的社会地位。 ）由此推断出，作者在小学早期时，是一个慷慨的女孩。unkind 不友善的；lonely 寂寞的；generous 慷慨的；cool 冷静的，故选 C。33.A 【解析】主旨大意题。第二段 Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular
22、into two categories: the likable and the status seekers.（临床心理学教授 Mitch Prinstein 将受欢迎的人分为两类:讨人喜欢的人和追求地位的人。 ）是段落主题句，本段内容分别对 the likable 和 the status seekers 做了解释，所以本段主要介绍了两种受欢迎的分类，故选 A。34.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段 It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment （它清楚地表明，可爱可以促使健全的调整） ，由此
23、推断出，心理学教授 Mitch Prinstein 的研究表明，最有人望的孩子适应性更强，故选 B。35.A 【解析】主旨大意题。通过阅读全文内容，尤其是最后一段，可知这篇文章主要讲了受欢迎，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。与选项 A“对别人好 最终，你的收获无穷无尽”一致，故选 A。4. 【2019全国卷 II，D】Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the Intern
24、ational Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? Its turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelb
25、erg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordons students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think theyre close to a solution(解决方案). “We dont give the studen
26、ts any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold, a project manager.“There are no tests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other thanAre you working towards your goal? Basically, its Ive got to produce this product and then, at the
27、 end of year, present it to NASA. Engineers come and really do an in-person review, andits not a very nice thing at time. Its a hard business review of your product.”Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their
28、studies that I just sit back. I dont teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.32. What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?A. They are hard to get
29、rid of. B. They lead to air pollution.C. They appear different forms. D. They damage the instruments.33. What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?A. To strengthen teacher-student relationships. B. To sharpen students communication skills.C. To allow students to experience zero gravity. D. To link sp
30、ace technology with school education34. What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?A. Check their product. B. Guide project designsC. Adjust work schedules. D. Grade their homework.35. What is the best title for the text?A. NASA: The Home of Astronauts.B. Space: The Final Homework
31、 Frontier.C. Nature: An Outdoor Classroom.D. HUNCH:A College Admission Reform.【语篇解读】本文为说明文。本文介绍了 HUNCH 项目就是通过 Gordon 的学生找到如何杀死空间站的细菌这一技术，把空间技术与带进课堂，与学校教育相结合，从而最终影响到大学入学。32.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Bacteria are annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms form our bodies grow uncontrollably on surf
32、aces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.”可知，细菌对宇航员来说是个令人讨厌的问题。这种来自我们身体的微生物在国际空间站的表面不受控制地生长，宇航员每周要花几个小时来清理它们。也就是说它们很难去掉。其中的“the microorganisms”包括“bacteria”。由此可知， A 项符合题意。33.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的 “HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms wi
33、th NASA engineers. Gordons students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity,.”可知，Hunch 旨在把高中教室和 NASA 的工程师联系起来。Gordon 的学生一直在研究如何在零重力下杀死细菌, .”。结合最后一段中的“Gordon students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem,.”可知，学生每天都给NASA 的工程师发邮件一起探讨（如何杀死空间站的细菌这一空间技术）这个问题。由此可推断出HUNC
34、H program 的目的把空间技术与学校教育相结合。分析选项可知 D 项符合题意。34.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Ive got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year ,present it to NASA, ”“Engineers come and really do an in-person review，and .Its not a very nice thing at times. Its a hard business review of your product.”可知，NASA 的工程师要
35、检查学生所做的产品。分析选项可知 A 项符合题意，故选 A。35.B 主旨大意题。文章以国际空间站里的微生物很难清除开头，引出宇航员们解决此问题的途径 借助美国国家航空航天局的 HUNCH 高中班，此计划的目的是把航天技术与学校教育结合起来。在这项计划里，学生们通过 homework（制作供美国国家航空航天局使用的产品）探索无疆的太空，因此 “太空：最后的功课疆域”最适合做文章的标题。故选 B。3. 【2019全国卷 III，C】Before the 1830s,most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America,
36、 usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a ma
37、ss audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.The trend, then, was toward the “penny paper“-a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly
38、it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy)to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830,but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printers office to purchase a copy. Street s
39、ales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny-usually two or three cents was charged-and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase “p
40、enny paper “ caught the publics fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.This new trend of newspapers for “the man on the street“ did not begin well. Some of the early ventures(企业)were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of su
41、ccessful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.28. Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?A. Academic. B. Unattractive. C. Inexpensive. D. Confidential.29. What did street sales m
42、ean to newspapers?A. They would be priced higher. B. They would disappear from cities.C. They could have more readers. D. They could regain public trust.30. Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at?A. Local politicians. B. Common people.C. Young publishers. D. Rich businessmen.31. What c
43、an we say about the birth of the penny paper?A. It was a difficult process. B. It was a temporary success.C. It was a robbery of the poor. D. It was a disaster for printers.【语篇解读】本文为说明文。文章叙述了“便士报纸”的诞生历史。28.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Before1830s，. Accordingly newspapers were read almost only by rich people.
44、 In addition ,most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding.”可知，在 19 世纪 30 年代之前,只有富人才能读报纸，而且大多数报纸中几乎没有能吸引大众的内容，让人感觉无聊， ，视觉上令人望而却步。由此可得出那时的报纸没有什么吸引力。分析选项，A . Academic 学术的；B. Unattractive 没有吸引力， 无魅力的； C. Inexpensive 廉价的，不贵的； D. Confidenti
45、al 机密的，保密的。可知 A、C 和 D 是错误的，只有 B 符合题意，故选 B。29.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段提到“便士报纸”针对大众，很便宜的。更重要的是，在街上可以买的到报纸。 结合第三段中间的“streets sales of newspapers would be commonplaced in eastern cities”可知，报纸的街头销售随处可见。由此可推断出，街头销售意味读报纸的多了。分析选项可知 C 符合题，故选 C。30.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The trend, then, was penny papera term referring
46、to papers made widely available to the public. perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.”可知，这种“便士报纸”针对大众的，在街上可以买的到报纸。分析选项可知，选项 B 符合题意，故选 B。31.A 【解析】推理判断题。第二段“The trend, then, was penny paper”及最后一段“The new trend of newspapers for the man on the
47、street did not begin well. Some of the early ventures were immediately failures. Publishers already in business, people who owners of successful papers, had little desires to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.”可知， “便士报纸”新趋势一开始并不好，一些早期的尝试立即失败了
48、。已经进入商业领域的成功的出版商，并不想改变这一传统。后来一些年轻而大胆的商人才推动了这件事。由此可推断出“便士报纸”的诞生是一个困难而曲折的过程。分析选项可知，A 项符合题意，故选 A。5. 【2019全国卷 III，D】Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 d
49、rops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combinedor addedthe symbols to get the reward.Heres how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys t
