1、三年（2017-2019）年高考真题分项汇编专题 01 冠词、名词一、2019 年高考真题1.【2019江苏卷单项填空】26.Nowadays the _ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.A. priority B. potential C. proportion D. pension【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority 优先；优先权；B. potential 潜在的，可能的；C. proportion 比例，占比；D. pensio
2、n 退休金，抚恤金。故选 A。2.【2019天津卷单项填空】7.We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) _on our lives in many ways.A. statement B. impactC. impression D. judgment【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。 statement“陈述说明”； impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”； impression“印象，感想”； judgement“判断力判断”。故选
3、 B。3.【2019新课标 I 卷 语法填空】Of _69_ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【答案】the【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的 19 个北极熊亚种群中”，故填 the。4【2019新课标 I 卷 短文改错】Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me.【答案】
4、 Suddenly a football fell just in front of me butand almost hit me.【解析】考查冠词。名词 football 为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里 football 第一次出现，故在football 前加 a；考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。 “足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将 but 改为 and。5.【2019新课标 II 卷短文改错】Since I was a kid, Ive considered different job I would like to do. Fir
5、st, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. 【答案】Since I was a kid, Ive considered different （1） jobsI would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so
6、 （2） coly. Then, when I was in the （3） fiveth grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher （4） tver/s much.【解析】 （1） 考查名词的数。 “job（工作；职业） ”为可数名词，用 different（不同的）修饰时意思为不同种类的工作，应该用名词的复数形式。故将 job 改为 jobs。（2）考查形容词的用法。句中的“looked（看起来样） ”为系动词，系动词后需用形容词作表语。故将coolly 改为 cool。（3）考查序数词。年级、班级
7、是按数字顺序排列的，所以“在几年级”中的数词需要用序数词。故将 five改为 fifth。（4）考查副词。句意：在五年级的时候，因为我非常喜欢我的英语老师，所以我想变成一名老师。 “so much”在句中一般表达肯定意思，可与 that 连用表示“如此以至于”。而“too much” 表太多，一般与 to 搭配，表达否定意思“太以至于不能”。本句话表达肯定意思，非常 so much 或 very much，故将 too 改为very/so。6.【2019浙江卷语法填空】Everybody wears_57_ same style of clothes.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个
8、人都穿相同风格的衣服。same 是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与 the 连用修饰名词。故填 the。二、2018 年高考真题1.【2018天津】6. The_ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.A. advice B. orderC. possibility D. invitation【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. a
9、dvice 建议；B. order 命令；C. possibility 可能性；D. invitation 邀请。故选 C。【解题指导】本题考查名词辨析。名词和动词及短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题语法上是一个同位语从句，从句 that there is life on other planets in the universe 是来解释说明前面所选择的名词。根据常识可以判断，宇宙中其它星球上存在生命只是一种可能性，目前无法证明，从而选出正确答案。2.【2018江苏】32. Try to understand whats actually happening instead of act
10、ing on the _ youve made.A. assignment B. associationC. acquisition D. assumption【答案】D【解题指导】本题考查名词辨析。名词考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题抓住句中的关键词 actually happening 实际发生和 instead of 而不是，可知是假设，从而选出正确答案。3. 【2018新课标卷 I语法填空】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere five
11、to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).【答案】causes 【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天 5 到 10 分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填 causes。4. 【 2018新课标卷 I短文改错 】During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.【
12、答案】countryside 前加 the 考查冠词。去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词 the。【解析】countryside 前加 the 考查冠词。去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词 the。5. 【2018新课标卷 II语法填空】Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _62_ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.【答案】the 【解析】考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去 25 年里增长了
13、近 125%，而大米只增长了 7%。故是特指在过去的 25 年里。故填 the。6. 【2018新课标卷 III语法填空】Unexpectedly, Im face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at _62_ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears.【答案】the 【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语 at the top of，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。7. 【2018 新课标卷 III语法填空 】My nam
14、e is Mireya Mayor. Im a _66_(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.【答案】scientist 【解析】根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist 科学家。8. 【2018浙江卷语法填空】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.【答案】dishes【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复
15、数，故填 dishes。8. 【 2018浙江卷 语法填空】F Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.【答案】weight【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰 problems，故填 weight。三、2017 年高考真题1. 【2017新课标卷 I语法填空】As 65 result, people will eat more food to try
16、 to make up for that something missing.【答案】a 【解析】考查冠词。固定短语 as a result 表示结果。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填 a。2. 【2017新课标卷 II 语法填空】It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61 (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and fromwork.【答案】crowds【解析】考查名词复数。因为 crowd 为可数名
17、词，并且其前没有限定词，所以此处用其复数形式。2. 【2017新课标卷 II 语法填空】This included digging up the road, laying (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64 top.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。此处指的是在顶端建造一个结实的顶，所以在 top 前加 the。2016 年高考真题1.【2016浙江】4. It is important to pay your electricity bill on time , as late payments may affect
18、your _.A. condition B. income C. credit D. status【答案】C考点：考查名词辨析。【名师点睛】名词最常考的命题形式是名词词义辨析，对于同义词辨析，我们一定要平时注意积累。由做题经验可知，同义词辨析大多是在具体语境中，由关键固定短语来判断的。真正的词义辨析题很少。常考的名词词义辨析词有: custom 风俗习惯；habit 个人习惯；tradition 传统；scene 场景；scenery 自然风景（总称） ；view 特定位置的景观；sight 人文或历史景观；skill 技能；ability 能力；talent 才华；strength 优势，长
19、处 等等。这题中的 credit 属于一词多义，有时也会考查熟词生义。2.【2016天津】10. The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _ of rain later tonight.A. effect B. sense C. change D. chance 【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：天气预报说今天会是多云，后半夜可能有雨。A.影响；B.感觉；C.改变；D.机会，可能性。故选 D。考点：考查名词辨析。【名师点睛】词汇辨析是每次试卷中必然出现的题型，所以平时一定要把词汇放在句中进行记忆。在复习词汇的时候，要依
20、据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照点-线- 面顺序，构建知识网络环境，对知识内容进行巩固、深化和提升，这样才能提高复习知识点的效率。这样，再做单项填空题时，就会觉得游刃有余。对于英语中的词汇用法，平时要多归纳总结，词汇用法的特殊语法规则更要特别记忆。最好把词汇放在句子中，连同句子一起记忆，这样能够加强记忆。3.【2016浙江】2._prize for the winner of the competition is _two-week holiday in Paris.A. The ; 不填 B. A ; 不填 C. A ; the D. The ; a【答案】D【解析】试题分析： 句意：这个比
21、赛获胜者的奖品是一个巴黎的两个星期的假期。第一空填 the，是特指“获胜者的奖品”，用定冠词，第二空是泛指“一个两周的假期” ，用不定冠词 a。故选 A。考点：考查冠词。【名师点睛】本题着重理解定冠词和不定冠词的区别，定冠词 the 表示特指，不定冠词 a/an 表示泛指；对于冠词特指和泛指的考查是历年来高考的必考点，平时的学习要多进行积累，仔细分析特指还是泛指。同时，更为重要的是要多去积累习惯表达，特殊表达，这也是近几年高考习惯考的地方。总而言之，多解题、多理解、多积累才是关键。做冠词的题目语感非常重要，平时阅读的时候，注意出现冠词的地方，体会是特指还是泛指。4.【2016江苏】24. _ Can you tell us your for happiness and a long life? Living every day to the full, definitely.A. recipe B. record C. range D. receipt【答案】A考点：考查名词辨析
