1、The Taj Mahal is considered to be one of the most beautiful buildings in the world and the finest example of the late style of Indian architecture. It is at Agra in northern India. It lies beside the River Jumna in the middle of gardens with quiet pools.The Taj Mahal was built by the Mogul emperor S
2、hah Jehan, who ruled India in the seventeenth century. It is in memory of his favourite wife, Arjumand Banu Bagam, known as Mumtaz Mahal, who died in 1631. The building, which was completed between 1632 and 1638, was designed by a local Muslim architect Ustad Ahmad Lahori. The whole building, with g
3、ardens and gateway structures, was completed in 1643. The Taj Mahal stands at one end of the garden tomb with marble path. The room is softly lighted by the light that passes through double screens of carved marble set high in the walls. The building now is kept in good condition.The Taj Mahal took
4、22 years to build. Shah Jehan planned a similar building, but in black instead of white, to lie on the other side of the river. But before it could be built, Shah Jehan was imprisoned by his son and buried next to his wife in the Taj Mahal.Section Introduction & Reading Prereading原文呈现 读文清障Part 1The
5、Amazing Caves of ZhoukoudianZhoukoudian is a small village about 50 kilometres southwest of Beijing. In the 1920s ， archaeologists discovered some prehistoric human bones there which changed Chinas knowledge of its history . They came from an unknown species of man and were the first evidence of pri
6、mitive human life in China thousands of years ago. The remains were . three teeth!In 1929, a complete skull was also discovered. Eventually， archaeologists found almost 200 items， including six skulls and more than 150 teeth. These discoveries proved the existence of a human species who lived in the
7、 area between 700,000 and 200,000 years ago.Four sites where Beijing Man and his relations lived were discovered on the northern face of Dragon Bone Hill (Longgushan). They lived in the limestone caves in the area. 21 22 amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的in the 1920sin the 1920sarchaeologist/kildIst/ n 考古学家prehist
8、oric/prihIstrIk/ adj.史前的；有历史记载以前的prehistory n U史前时期来源:学。科。网knowledge n U知晓，了解which 引导定语从句，代指上文提到的事情。species n 物种，种 evidence n 证据primitive/prImtIv/ adj.( 人类或动植物 )原始的，原生的remains/rImeInz/ n 遗迹；遗体skull/skl/ n 头颅，颅骨 eventually adv.最后，终于item/aItm/ n (一)件including prep.包括 including A A includedmore than 超过
9、，多于 discovery n 发现existence/IzIstns/ n 存在come into existence/being 产生，出现who 引导定语从句，修饰“a human species”。relation/rIleIn/ n 亲属；亲戚where 引导定语从句，修饰“four sites”。on the northern face of 在北面 21 limestone/laImstn/ n 石灰石 22 第一部分惊人的周口店山顶洞第 13 段译文周口店是位于北京西南约 50 千米的一个小村庄。20 世纪 20 年代，考古学家在那里发现了一些史前人类的遗骨，这一发现改变了人们
10、对中国历史的认识。它们是一类未知人种的遗骨，是许多年前原始人生活在中国的第一证据。发现的遗留物是三颗牙齿！1929 年，一个完整的头盖骨又被发掘出来。最后，考古学家发现了近 200 件遗留物，包括 6 个头盖骨和 150 多颗牙齿。这些发现证明：在七十万到二十万年前就有人类生活在该地区。人们在龙骨山的北坡发现了北京人及其近亲居住过的四处遗址。他们生活在该地区的石灰岩洞中。However, the life span of Beijing Man was short. About 70% of the people probably died 23 before the age of 14. F
11、ewer than 5% lived to the age of 50. Even so ， they were quite 24 25 26 sophisticated . Ashes were found alongside the fossils which showed they used fire for 27 28 29 cooking food and also for light, warmth and protection from wild beasts . This is the earliest 30 31 evidence of the use of fire any
12、where in the world. They also made tools of bones and 32 sharpened stones. Unfortunately, when Japan invaded China in 1937, excavations at the 33 34 35 Beijing Man Site stopped and most of the fossils disappeared, including a Beijing Man skull. They have never been found. After the Peoples Republic
13、of China was established in 1949, the work 36 started again and Zhoukoudian became an important tourist attraction . 37 Zhoukoudian was listed as a world heritage site in December 1987. It has not only 38 39 given us important information about prehistoric Asian societies, but also has provided 40 4
14、1 amazing evidence about the process of evolution . 42 span/spn/ n 时距；期间 23 fewer than 低于，少于 24 live to the age of 活到岁 25 even so 尽管如此 26 sophisticated adj.精密的，水平高的，复杂巧妙的 27 fossil/fsl/ n 化石 28 use . for doing .用来做 29 protection n 保护 30 protect .from .保护免受beast/bist/ n 野兽 31 make A of/from B 由 B 制成
15、A 32 A be made of/from B A 由 B 制成sharpen/pn/ v 使变锋利 invade v 侵略，侵犯 33 34 excavation/ekskveIn/ n 发掘 establish v 成立 35 36 tourist attraction 旅游景点 37 attraction 此处是可数名词，意为“向往的地方” 。list/lIst/ v (按某次序)把列表，列清单 38 be listed as 被列为 heritage n 遗产 39 not only . but also .不但 而且 40 provide v 提供 evolution/ivlun/
16、 n 进化；演变 41 42 第 45 段译文 来源:Z。xx。k.Com然而，北京人的寿命很短。约 70%的北京人可能都活不到 14 岁。活到 50 岁的人不到5%。尽管如此，北京人进化程度已经很高。跟化石一起被发现的灰烬表明他们用火来做饭、照明、取暖和抵御野兽。这是世界上使用火种的最早证据。他们还用骨头和尖石做工具。不幸的是，1937 年日本侵华时，北京人遗址的挖掘工作被迫中断，大多数化石不翼而飞，其中包括一个北京人头盖骨。它们至今下落不明。1949 年中华人民共和国成立之后，挖掘工作重新开始，周口店成了重要的旅游景区。1987 年 12 月，周口店被列为世界文化遗产。它不仅为我们提供了史
17、前亚洲社会的重要信息，还为我们提供了人类进化历程中惊人的证据。Part 2Beijing Man Heritage Site in Danger 43 The Zhoukoudian Beijing Man Site is one of the most important world heritage sites in China. Since the discovery was made in the 1920s, Zhoukoudian has become an important place for 44 archaeologists from all over the world.
18、 At the site in the southwest suburb of Beijing, there is, 45 for example, the earliest evidence of the use of fire by humans. It has also been proved that people lived there continuously between 500,000 and 10,000 years ago. 46 47 Today, however, Zhoukoudian is in serious danger. Parts of the cave
19、have been badly affected by rain and exposure to the air. Some areas are almost completely covered in 48 weeds ， causing serious damage . Pollution from nearby cement factories has also 49 50 51 contributed to the problem. 52 The site is extremely expensive to maintain and it will cost between three
20、 and five 53 54 million yuan to repair it. At the moment ， visitors are not allowed to visit the caves., in 55 56 43 danger 处于危险中be dangerous 指对别人构成威胁。make discoveries 发现 44 suburb n 郊区 45 continuously adv.不断地，持续地 46 It has also been proved that .也已证明。it 是形式主语，不能用其他词代替。that 47 从句是真正主语。exposure/Iksp/
21、 n 暴露；显露 (常与 to 连用) 48 (be) exposed to 暴露于；接触weed/wid/ n 野草；杂草 49 现在分词短语作结果状语。 50 cement/sment/ n 水泥 51 contribute/kntrIbjut/ v 促成 后接介词 to。 52 make a contribution to 对 作贡献extremely adv.极其 53 maintain/meInteIn/ v 保持；维持；保养 54 at the moment 此刻 55 be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事 56 第二部分面临危险的北京人遗址第 13 段译文周口店
22、北京人遗址是中国最重要的世界遗址之一。自从 20 世纪 20 年代被发现以来，周口店对全世界考古学家来说已经成了一个重要的地方。比如说，在北京西南郊区的遗址处，有着人类使用火种的最早证据。也已证明五十万到一万年前，那里一直有人类生存。然而，今日的周口店面临着巨大的危险。部分山洞因受到雨水的侵蚀和空气接触，损坏严重。一些地方杂草丛生，破败不堪。附近水泥厂产生的污染对此也难辞其咎。维护遗址需要高昂的费用，修复费用在 300 万到 500 万元之间。目前，已经禁止游客参观这些山洞。Zhoukoudian is on the World Cultural Heritage List ， organis
23、ed by UNESCO ， the 57 58 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. The list is constantly checked. 59 Any site which is seriously damaged or which is not properly protected is an endangered 60 61 62 heritage, and UNESCO is very quick to do something about situations like this
24、. They have 63 64 recommended that the site be closed and repaired . If nothing is done to repair it, it could be 65 66 removed from the list. 67 Th is is a very serious matter and the Chinese Academy of Sciences is trying to raise public 68 awareness about it. They have suggested that the general p
25、ublic be encouraged to help with 69 70 the problem . A professor at the Academy has proposed that a fund be established to raise 71 72 73 money . 74 Dr Zhu Ming of the Academy said, “We have requested that the government get 75 involved ， but we also need assistance from ordinary people. They can he
26、lp by contributing 76 77 to the cost of repairing the caves. They are a precious part of our cultural heritage it is of 78 vital importance that we do something . If not, it will be a catastrophe .” 79 80 81 on the list 在名单上 57 过去分词短语“organised by UNESCO”作后置定语。 58 constant ly adv.一直 properly adv.正确地
27、 59 60 两个 which 引导定语从句，修饰 site。 61 endangered/IndeIndd/ adj.濒危的 62 be quick to do 及时做，快速做 63 situation n 情况，状况 recommend/rekmend/ v 建议 64 65 recommend 后接 that 从句，从句用虚拟语气，即谓语用“should动词原形” ， 66 should 可以省略。remove from 从中除掉 raise v 增加，提高 67 68 awareness/wens/ n 意识；认识；感悟能力 69 raise awareness about 加强对 的
28、意识be encouraged to do 被鼓励做 70 suggest 表示“建议” ，后接宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气。来源:Z#xx#k.Com 71 propose/prpz/ v 建议；提议 72 fund/fnd/ n 基金；专款 raise money 集资 73 74 request 后接宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气。 75 get involved 参与 76 be/get involved in .卷入；涉及assistance/sIstns/ n 帮助，援助 77 with the assistance/help of 在 的帮助下come to ones assistan
29、ce 来帮助某人precious/pres/ adj.宝贵的；珍贵的；贵重的 78 of vital importancevery important 至关重要 79 that we do something 用了虚拟语气，should 被省略。 80 catastrophe/ktstrfi/ n 毁灭性的大灾难 81 第 46 段译文周口店已被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产的名单。名单上的各处遗产需要经常接受检查。任何被严重破坏或保护不当的遗产都是濒危遗产，像这种情况，联合国教科文组织会立刻采取行动。该组织已经提议关闭这个遗址并进行修复。若不进行修复，这个遗址就有可能被除名。形势相当严峻，
30、中国科学院正在努力唤醒国民的(保护) 意识。他们建议鼓励公众来帮助解决这一问题。中科院的一位教授提议设立基金会来募集资金。中科院的朱明博士说：“我们已经要求政府参与，但我们同样需要普通大众的协助。他们可以通过捐款修复山洞的方式作出贡献。它们是我们文化遗产中极其宝贵的部分因此，我们采取行动就显得尤其重要。否则就会造成灾难性的后果。 ”PrereadingPlease match the words with their proper meanings.1preserve Ato make sth.continue in the same way2maintain Bto advise sb. t
31、o do sth.3recommend Cthe action of asking for sth. formally and politely4propose Drare and worth a lot of money5precious Eto keep sth.in its original state in good condition6estimate Fto suggest a plan, an idea, etc. for people to think about and decide on7request Ga judgement of the qualities of so
32、mething or somebody15 67 答案：15 EABFD 67 GCLeadin()Match the Chinese Cultural Heritage with the following pictures.AThe Longmen GrottoesBTerracotta Warriors and HorsesCThe Great WallDThe Summer PalaceEThe Potala PalaceFThe Forbidden City()来源:学科网Have you heard of Beijing Man? How much do you know abou
33、t them?参考答案：Yes.The life span of Beijing Man was short. Even so, they were quite sophisticated. They used fire for cooking food and also for light, warmth and protection from wild beasts. They also made tools of bones and sharpened stones.WhilereadingFastreadingRead the text quickly and answer the f
34、ollowing questions.1Why do you think the Beijing Man Site is “in danger”？Because pollution, exposure to air, rain and weeds are destroying the site.2How important is it to repair the Zhoukoudian Beijing Man Site?It is vital, because the site is of international importance.Carefulreading()Read the te
35、xt again and choose the best answers.1Which of the following sentences is NOT true about Zhoukoudian?AIts a small village about 50 kilometres southwest of Beijing.BArchaeologists discovered some prehistoric human bones there in 1920.CIt was listed as a world heritage site in December 1987.DA human s
36、pecies once lived in the area between 700,000 and 200,000 years ago.2The life span of Beijing Man was short and .Aabout 70% of the people probably died before the age of 14Bfewer than 5% lived to the age of 60Cmost of the people were killed by the fierce animalsDthe people couldnt cook their food or
37、 protect themselves from wild animals by using fire3Zhoukoudian was listed as a world heritage site in December 1987 because .Asix skulls and more than 150 teeth were found thereBit was the earliest evidence of the use of fire anywhere in the worldCit became an important tourist attraction after 194
38、9Dit has not only given us important information about prehistoric Asian societies, but also has provided amazing evidence about the process of evolution4From the passage we can infer that .Aboth the government and the ordinary people can help preserve the siteBZhoukoudian is in dangerCZhoukoudian h
39、as been an important place for archaeologists from all over the worldDif nothing is done to repair it, Zhoukoudian could be removed from the list答案：14 BADA()Read the text carefully and fill in the chart.The Amazing Caves of ZhoukoudianIn the 1920sArchaeologists discovered some 1.prehistoric human bo
40、nes, which came from an unknown 2.species of man and were the first evidence of 3.primitive human life in China.In 1929A complete skull was discovered and 4.almost 200 items were also found. These discoveries proved the 5.existence of a human species who lived in the area between 700,000 and 200,000
41、 years ago.In 1937 When Japan 6.invaded China, excavations at the Beijing Man Site stopped and most of the fossils 7.disappeared.In 1949 Zhoukoudian became an important 8.tourist attraction.In 1987Zhoukoudian was 9.listed as a world heritage site, which has provided amazing 10.evidence about the pro
42、cess of evolution.StudyreadingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1Ashes were found alongside the fossils which showed they used fire for cooking food and also for light, warmth and protection from wild beasts.句式分析尝试翻译 跟化石一起被发现的灰烬表明他们用火来做饭、照明、取暖和抵御野兽。2Any site which is seriously da
43、maged or which is not properly protected is an endangered heritage, and UNESCO is very quick to do something about situations like this.句式分析尝试翻译 任何被严重破坏或保护不当的遗产都是濒危遗产，像这种情况，联合国教科文组织会立刻采取行动。.阅读理解AScientists recently discovered that pictures on cave walls at Creswell Crags are the oldest known in Grea
44、t Britain. But they didnt find out in the usual way.Archaeologists often date cave art with a process called radiocarbon dating. The technique can measure the age of carbon found in charcoal (木炭) drawings or painted pictures. Carbon is an element (成分) found in many things, including charcoal and eve
45、n people. But in this case, there was no paint or charcoal to test. People carved the pictures of animals and figures into the rock using stone tools. The scientists had an “aha！” moment when they noticed small rocks stuck to the top of the drawings. The small rocks must have formed after the drawin
46、gs were made.“It is rare to be able to scientifically date rock art.” said Alistair Pike, an archaeological scientist at Britains University of Bristol. “We were very fortunate that some of the engravings (雕刻) were covered by stalagmites (石笋) ”When a test proved that the stalagmites formed 12,800 ye
47、ars ago, the scientists knew the art underneath them had to be at least that old. And some of the animals shown, like the European bison, are now extinct another tipoff (征兆) that the art is quite old.The artists came to Creswell Crags. This place is one of the farthest points north reached by our ancient ancestors during the Ice Age. At that time, much of the North Sea was dry, so people could move about more easily.Some tools and bones found there are 13,000 to 15,000 years old. They show that the travelers hunted horses, reindeer,
