1、Section_ Grammar 被动语态和主谓一致语法图解探究发现Paris is visited by more than eight million tourists every year. The Parthenon was built during this period.The fish tastes delicious.This coat washes easily.My family lives in Cardiff.The class were very interested in Mr Zhangs teaching.Neither he nor you were allo
2、wed to go out at night.Not only he but also all his family are keen on concerts.California, along with Florida and Hawaii, is among the most popular US tourist destinations.The students along with their teacher are going there on foot.我的发现(1)句采用了一般现在时的被动语态，其构成形式为：am /is/aredone。(2)句采用了一般过去时的被动语态，其构成
3、形式为：was/were done 。(3)句中谓语动词用主动形式表示被动意义。(4)句中，family, class 等集合名词表示整体时，谓语动词用单数；表示个体时，谓语动词用复数。(5)句中，neither . nor . 或 not only . but also . 连接并列主语，谓语动词的单复数要与靠近它的主语保持一致。(6)句中，主语后带有 along with 等短语时，句子的谓语动词应与原主语的单复数保持一致。一、一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态1一般现在时和一般过去时被动语态的基本构成(1)一般现在时的被动语态的构成：am/is/aredone。I am asked to
4、copy these English words for ten times.我被要求把这些英语单词抄十遍。(2)一般过去时的被动语态的构成：was/weredone。The university was founded in 1901.这所大学始建于 1901 年。2被动语态的用法(1)不清楚谁是动作的执行者时，用被动语态。His car was stolen when he parked in the street.他把车停在街上时，车被偷了。(2)没有必要指出动作的执行者时，用被动语态。No one knows when the bridge was built.没人知道这座桥是什么时候
5、建的。(3)强调或突出动作的承受者时，用被动语态。如果需要指出动作的执行者时，可用“by动作执行者(宾格)”这一结构。The Great Wall is visited by many people every year.每年有很多人参观长城。即时演练 1 完成句子All the broken doors were_repaired _yesterday. 昨天所有损坏的门都被修好了。All the housework is_done _by_my_mother in our family.我们家所有的家务活都由我妈妈做。The wounded man was_sent_to_the_hosp
6、ital right away. 那个受伤的男人被立刻送往了医院。This bridge was_built in October last year. 这座桥是去年十月份建的。3主动形式表示被动意义(1)表示主语属性的动词 read, write, sell, wash, wear, cook 等，且由 easily, well 等词修饰时。The cloth washes well.这块布很好洗。(2)连系动词 smell, sound, taste, feel, prove 等，也常用主动形式表达被动含义。The cloth feels soft.这块布摸起来很柔软。(3)表示发生、爆发
7、和传播等不及物动词或短语如：happen, occur, spread, take place, break out, run out 等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。When World War broke out, he seemed to have become another man, downhearted.第一次世界大战爆发时，他似乎变成了另一个人，非常消沉。(4)need, want, require 的主动形式表示被动意义。His hair needs cutting.他的头发需要理了。即时演练 2 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空The pencil writes (write)
8、well. The house needs (need) repairing.His jacket wants washing/to _be_washed (wash)(2)翻译句子这种食物尝起来很美味。The_food_tastes_very_delicious.昨天晚上发生了一场大火。A_huge_fire_broke_out_last_night.二、主谓一致主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上必须保持一致。英语中的主谓一致主要遵循意义一致、语法一致和就近一致三个原则。1意义一致(1)由 and 连接的两个单数名词指同一个人或同一事物时，谓语动词用单数。如：bread and but
9、ter 黄油面包，knife and fork 刀叉。The singer and dancer is coming for a visit.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家要来参观。The poet and writer is very popular with us.那位诗人兼作家很受我们的欢迎。(2)单复数同形的名词作主语时，如果表示单数概念，谓语动词用单数。如：news, maths, politics, physics, works, means, the United States 等。The news is quite shocking.这个消息令人十分震惊。Politics is her f
10、avourite subject.政治是她最喜欢的学科。(3)“the形容词/分词”表示一类人，如 the rich, the young, the living 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.病人已被治愈，失踪者也已被找到。(4)family, class, team, government, crowd, audience 等集体名词如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数。The family has settled in Canada.这家人已定居加拿大。His
11、family are all important persons.他的家人都是些重要人物。(5)表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、体积、价格等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。Two days isnt enough for me to finish the work. I need a third day.对我来说，完成这项工作两天是不够的，我还需要一天。(6)“分数/百分数of 短语”作主语时，根据 of 后的名词的单复数确定谓语动词的单复数形式。Two thirds of the trees have been cut down.三分之二的树木被砍掉了。Two thirds of t
12、he soup has been eaten.三分之二的汤被喝掉了。(7)all, any, half, most, the rest, part 等与 of 短语连用作主语时，谓语动词根据 of 后所接名词的单复数形式而定。The rest of the students are in the classroom.其余的学生都在教室里。The rest of the water is for you.剩下的水是给你的。即时演练 3 用所给词的适当形式填空Twenty pounds was/is (be) missing from the wallet. Even the wise are (
13、be) not always free from mistakes. The rest of the workers are (be) still very tired.War and peace is (be) a constant theme in history.70% of the country is (be) covered with forests. Physics is (be) a difficult subject for me to learn. 2语法一致(1)当主语是由 and, both . and 连接的并列结构时，谓语动词用复数；但由 and 连接的并列主语面前
14、分别有 every, each, no 修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。Both you and she have a good chance of getting the job.你和她都很有机会得到那份工作。Every/Each boy and every/each girl was given a dictionary.每个男孩和女孩都得到一本词典。(2)主语后面接说明主语的修饰语，如 with, along with, together with, as well as, like, rather than, but, except, besides, including, in addi
15、tion to 等时，谓语动词与主语保持一致。Tobacco along with alcohol is taxed in most countries.烟草和酒在多数国家都要征税。He as well as his brothers is coming to visit you.他和他的弟弟们将要来拜访你。(3)非谓语动词或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。Whether he will come is doubtful.他是否会来还是个未知数。名师点津 在 what 引导的主语从句中，如果表语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。What we need are good teachers.我们
16、需要的是好老师。(4)“many a/more than one单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。More than one student has finished his work.不止一个学生完成了作业。(5)none 作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数；但代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数，因而谓语动词用单数。None of us are/is perfect.人无完人。None of this worries me.这事儿一点也不使我着急。(6)trousers, shoes, glasses 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数，但这些词前面若有 a pair of, 谓语动词用单数。
17、The shoes are out of date.这些鞋子过时了。This pair of shoes is very shabby.这双鞋子很破旧了。即时演练 4 完成句子Both John and Anna are_interested_in_English.约翰和安娜都对英语感兴趣。Tom, as well as the other students in his class, likes_swimming.汤姆连同班里面的其他同学都喜欢游泳。Reading is_a_good_way to improve your English. 阅读是提高你英语的一个好方法。Nobody is_
18、in_the_classroom. 教室里没有人。Many a student is_coming_out. 很多学生正在走出来。3就近一致(1)由 or, either .or, neither .nor 或 not only .but also .连接的并列主语，通常按照就近一致原则，即谓语动词的单复数形式根据靠近它的主语而定。Neither his parents nor he is a bank clerk.他父母和他都不是银行职员。Not only Jack but also his parents are coming to see you.不仅是杰克，他父母也要来看你。(2)he
19、re, there 引导的句子，若有并列主语，谓语动词也与最近的主语一致。There is a pen and two pencils on the desk.桌子上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。There are two apple trees and a pear tree in the yard.院子里有两棵苹果树和一棵梨树。即时演练 5 单句改错Not only the students but also the teacher want to go climbing. wantwants There are an apple and three bananas in the basket.
20、areis Either the judge or the lawyers was wrong on the case at that moment. waswere Either you or I are going to the teachers office after class.aream .单句语法填空1(2017江苏高考改编)The publication of Great Expectations which was (be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens status as a le
21、ading novelist.2(2016全国卷)Truly elegant chopsticks might be_made (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.3(2016四川高考)The giant panda is_loved (love) by people throughout the world.4(2015福建高考改编)To my delight, I was_chosen (choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony. 5G
22、enerally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others is (be) essential to their development. 6The university estimates that living expenses for international students are (be) around D|S8,450 a year, which is (be) a burden for some of them.7We were glad to know that all the workers
23、 who were_trapped (trap) in the mine had been saved. 8The famous musician, as well as his students, was_invited (invite) to perform at the closing ceremony.9The speaker was_interrupted (interrupt) now and then during his speech, which made him a bit unhappy. 10The Group of Eight (G8) consists (consi
24、st) of the eight richest countries in the world. .完成句子1(2017北京高考书面表达)Of the two trips to the Yangtze River and Mount Tai, both are_highly_recommended.“长江之行”和“泰山之旅”这两条线路都被极力推荐。2(2015四川高考书面表达)Comparing notes with your classmates frequently is_a_good_way to improve your study.经常和你的同学交换笔记是一种提高学习的好方法。3(2
25、015天津高考书面表达)If there is_anything_else I can do for you, please contact me as soon as possible. 如果有其他我可以为你做的任何事情，请尽快联系我。4Id also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is_included.我还想知道这个课程我得交多少钱，是否住宿包括在内。5Li Huas family isnt_very_large. 李华家不是一个大家庭。6. Not only Jo
26、hn but also I am_going_to Shanghai next week. 下周，不仅约翰而且我也去上海。7Our class like_pop_music.我们班学生都喜欢流行音乐。8Developing_a _good_habit_is also of importance. 养成一个好的习惯也是重要的。.短文改错When I was young I lived in a village near the sea. Life was very differently then. My family had a radio, and we listened it every
27、evening. My parents didnt have a car, so I went to school by the bicycle six kilometers every day! But I didnt study hardly and tried to leaving school at ten. There wasnt any cinemas near our village, so every Saturday I met my friends on the beach and they played football all day. When I was twelve, my family moved to the cities. I never went back to my village, so I can still heard the sea in my head.答案：第二句：differentlydifferent第三句：listened 后加 to第四句：去掉 the第五句：hardlyhard; leavingleave第六句：wasntwerent; theywe第七句：citiescity第八句：sobut/yet; heardhear
