1、Section Grammar 过去分词作状语；短语动词语法图解探究发现Seen from above, the old town is a maze of canals, little bridges and tiny cobbled streets that tourists get lost in.Not invited, he became very disappointed.Completely rebuilt, the town would not be so interesting.Beaten by the opposite team, we didnt lose heart
2、and encouraged each other.Aunt Wu came in, followed by her daughter.The old town is on the side of a mountain and opposite it is the 5,500 metre Yulong Xueshan Mountain, its peak covered with snow.A big fire broke out last night in that village.When he read the book, he came across many new words.我的
3、发现(1)句中，黑体部分均在句中作状语，分别表示时间 、原因、条件、让步、伴随。(2)由句可知，过去分词作状语时，其否定形式通常是在过去分词前加 not。(3)句中分词作状语，有自己独立的主语，这叫独立主格结构 。(4)句中黑体部分为短语动词。一、过去分词(短语)作状语1过去分词(短语)在句中作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式、让步、结果。2过去分词(短语)在句中作状语表示动作的完成和被动。3过去分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，有些形容词化的过去分词，如 surprised, lost, wellknown等，表示主语所处的状态。Lost in the forest, you sho
4、uld first of all remain where you are, waiting for help to come.(表示时间)当你在森林里迷路的时候，首先你应该待在你原来的地方，等待救援的到来。The child learns fast, well brought up by his parents.(表示原因)由于受到父母良好的教育，这个孩子学得很快。The teacher stood there, surrounded by many students.(表示伴随)老师站在那里，身边围着很多学生。They went out in such bad weather, caugh
5、t in a heavy rain halfway.(表示结果)他们在这么恶劣的天气里出门，结果在半路遇上了大雨。Given more time, we would do it much better.(表示条件)如果再多给点时间，我们就能做得更好。Beaten by the opposite team, the players were not discouraged and practiced even harder.(表示让步 )尽管被对方打败了，队员们没有泄气，而是更加努力训练。即时演练 1(1)句型转换Because she was born in a poor family, Na
6、dia had only two years of schooling.Born in a poor family, Nadia had only two years of schooling. Though he is encouraged by his parents, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties. Encouraged by his parents, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties. The patient got o
7、ff the bed, supported by the nurse. The patient was supported by the nurse and got off the bed. (2)完成句子(2016北京高考改编)Ordered over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.这些书是一个多星期以前订购的，现在有望随时到货。Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。Watered more, these cabbages cou
8、ld have grown better. 如果多浇点水，这些大白菜还可以长的更好。(安徽高考改编)Founded in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.这所建于 20 世纪初期的学校一直激励孩子们对艺术的热爱。4过去分词作状语需注意的几个问题(1)过去分词、现在分词和不定式作状语的区别：一般说来，过去分词作状语，和句子主语之间是被动关系；现在分词作状语，和句子主语之间是主动关系；不定式作状语，一般表示目的。请比较：Seen from the top of the tower
9、, the city looks more beautiful.从塔顶上看，这座城市更漂亮。(主语 the city 和 see 之间是被动关系)Seeing from the top of the tower, we can get a wonderful view of the city. 从塔顶我们可以饱览这座城市的美景。(主语 we 和 see 之间是主动关系)To get a wonderful view of the city, we climbed to the top of the tower. 为了饱览这座城市的美景， 我们爬上了塔顶。(不定式表示目的)(2)过去分词的逻辑主
10、语和句子的主语必须保持一致，请体会下列例句：当被问及为什么会迟到时，她的脸涨得通红。Asked why she was late, her face went red.()Asked why she was late, she went red in the face.()小偷如果被抓，会受到警方的惩处。If caught, the police will punish the thief. ()If caught, the thief will be punished by the police. ()(3)有些分词已成为固定结构，当使用时应按固定结构对待，不必考虑它们与主语之间的关系。常用
11、的有：judging by/from .“根据判断；由 断定” ； generally/honestly/frankly speaking“一般/ 老实/坦率说来” ；provided (that) . (providing that .)“假如；在条件下” ； given .“倘若 ；假定等” ； considering (that) .“考虑到” ； supposing (that) .“如果”Judging by/from his accent, he must be from the South.从他的口音判断，他一定是南方人。I will agree to go provided/p
12、roviding that you go with me.假如你陪我一起去，我就同意去。(4)独立主格结构 分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致。但当分词逻辑主语与主句主语不一致时，分词要有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种主语常常是名词或代词，置于动词ing 形式或动词ed 形式之前。这种“名词/代词动词 ing/动词ed”结构在语法上被称为独立主格结构。此时分词形式的选择取决于名词/代词与动词ing/ 动词ed 形式所表示动作的逻辑关系，如果它们之间表示主动或动作正在进行，选择现在分词；如果它们之间表示被动或完成，选择过去分词。Spring coming on, the trees turne
13、d green.春天来了，树变绿了。The question settled, they felt released.问题解决了，他们感觉轻松了。即时演练 2(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空Compared (compare) with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.When first introduced (introduce) to the market, these products enjoyed great success.Having finished the inte
14、rview, the manager went to his office, followed (follow) by the interviewer.Finding (find) her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help.Driven (drive) by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more greenhouses.(2)单句改错Judged by/from her dresses, she must be from a rich family. Jud
15、gedJudgingI will agree to the project, provide that my expenses are paid. provideprovided/providingFacing with so many difficulties, he had a hard time those days. FacingFaced 或去掉with(全国卷改编)The party will be held in the garden, weather permitted.permittedpermitting二、短语动词1动词副词该类短语动词有的只可用作及物动词，有的只可用作不
16、及物动词，有的既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。He brought up his children strictly.他严格教育孩子们。(及物动词 )Something unexpected has turned up.出现了令人意外的情况。(不及物动词 )The barrel of gunpowder blew up.火药桶爆炸了。(不及物动词 )The soldiers blew up the bridge.士兵们把桥炸毁了。(及物动词 )名师点津 在“动词副词”的词组中宾语位置：宾语是名词，则可置于副词后面，亦可置于动词和副词之间。宾语是代词，只能置于动词和副词之间。即时演练 3(1)写
17、出下列短语动词break down (机器) 损坏；破坏；精神崩溃；身体垮掉give up 放弃；戒掉；停止bring up 抚养；教育；培养；提出carry out 执行；实施go over 复习/过一遍insist on 坚持要/坚决主张break in 破门而入；打断(谈话)die out 灭绝，灭亡(2)完成句子(2016江苏高考改编)Many businesses started up by college students have taken off (开始成功) thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.Th
18、ey were so far away that I couldnt make out their faces (我无法辨认他们的脸) clearly.We set out to find the truth (着手寻找真相) behind the mystery.2动词介词动词与介词构成的词组在词义上相当于一个及物动词，宾语总是在介词后面。I dont much care for television.我不太喜欢看电视。(care forlike)He has been asked to account for his absence.他已被要求说明缺席的原因。He is a man to
19、be depended on.他是个靠得住的人。即时演练 4(1)翻译下列短语believe in 信任/信赖/信仰belong to . 属于 care about 对关心/感兴趣come across 走过来；偶然遇到/找到count on . 信赖/指望go through 通过lie in . 在于prepare for . 为做准备(2)选词填空suffer from, look into, think of, set about, search forWe never thought of such success when we first started. The unempl
20、oyed will search for jobs online.A quarter of children in the country suffer from malnutrition.That evening he set about writing a report on pollution.A working party has been set up to look into the problem.3动词副词介词在这类动词短语中，动词、副词、介词紧密结合，是动副词组和动介词组的合成体，词义上相当于一个及物动词。它兼有以上两类短语动词的特点，但宾语总是位于介词之后。We must
21、work hard to make up for the lost time.我们必须努力工作来弥补失去的时间。There are some things that teachers will not put up with.有些事情教师是不会容忍的。即时演练 5(1)写出下列短语动词do away with 废弃；废除get on/along with 与相处catch up with 赶上；跟上add up to 总计达break away from 从脱离；打破fit in with 适应/符合(2)完成句子Young adults must break away from their
22、parents control in order to achieve independence.为了得到自立，年轻人必须摆脱父母对他们的支配。Nothing can make up for the loss of a child.失去一个孩子是任何东西都无法弥补的。I can put up with the house being untidy, but I hate it if its not clean.我能忍受房子不整齐，但如果不干净的话，我不喜欢。4动词名词介词这类动词短语只用作及物动词。名词前可加形容词说明程度，宾语总是位于介词之后。这类短语动词常可用于被动语态，并且有些可以有两种
23、形式。In some countries, people are making use of the heat in the center of the earth.The heat in the center of the earth is being made use of in some countries.Use is being made of the heat in the center of the earth in some countries.在一些国家，人们正在利用地球中心的热能。即时演练 6(1)句型转换They have made a terrible mess of
24、the house. A terrible mess has been made of the house by them.The house has been made a terrible mess of by them.Mary took good care of the children. Good care was taken of the children by Mary. The children were taken good care of by Mary.(2)完成句子So we fixed our eyes on the professor (我们都盯着教授) givin
25、g us a lecture.Tom has trouble in expressing himself (在表达自己方面有困难) in public. Dont make fun of the child (嘲笑那个孩子) with a disability. 5其他短语动词(1)动词名词这类动词短语中的常见动词是 have, take, give, make 等，后面的名词通常是从动词转化而来的动作名词，并表达了短语动词的真正意义。have a look 看一看have a try 试一试make an appointment 约会take place 发生make way 前进make
26、a discovery 发现Lets have another try.让我们再试一下。You should make an apology to him for your rudeness.你应该为你的粗鲁向他道歉。(2)be形容词介词be形容词(包括过去分词作形容词) 介词，宾语位于介词后面，短语动词的真正词义取决于形容词。I know he is slow at understanding, so you have to be patient with him.我知道他理解力差，所以你得对他耐心些。(3)动词反身代词介词help oneself to 随便吃give oneself to
27、 专心于dress oneself in 穿着break oneself to 突破自己throw oneself into 投身于即时演练 7 介词填空be late for 迟到be angry with sb. 生某人的气be busy with 忙于be short for 是的简称be interested in 对感兴趣be famous for 因而著名be good at 擅长be different from 与不同be good/bad for 对有益/ 害be friendly to 对友好occupy oneself with 忙于devote oneself to 专
28、心；致力于；献身.单句语法填空1Offered (offer) important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.2Seen (see) from the top of the mountain, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.3It is reported that the police will soon look into the case of two missing children.4They are broadening the b
29、ridge to speed up the flow of traffic.5Raised (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.6The house painted (paint), he was tired.7With all things considered (consider), her proposal is of great importance.8Some medicines, if wrongly taken (take), ca
30、n kill a person. 9Can you tell me when the new edition is coming out?10(2017江苏高考改编)Working with the medical team in Africa has brought out the best in her as a doctor.选用方框内合适的动词短语并用其正确形式填空be aware of， come across， go back to， get up， look out， talk about， hear from， be familiar withLast summer I wen
31、t to the seaside to spend my holiday with my family.One day, I was swimming in the sea when someone shouted， “1.Look out.There is a shark not far away！” On hearing that, I was scared to death because I 2.was aware of its dangerous characteristics.“Dont worry，Tom ！ ” my father said to me， “but in ord
32、er to avoid being harmed, lets 3.go back to our hotel.”We stayed at the seaside for about two weeks in all.Though the weather was much hotter than in my hometown, I got used to it and felt at home.Every morning, I 4.got up earlier than my parents and went for breakfast ahead of time.Then I went to s
33、ee my new friend, John, who I 5.came across during my holiday.John was a native and he 6.was familiar with the seaside.I visited many interesting places nearby with John acting as my guide.Since we parted, we have kept writing to each other.Now, I still often 7.hear from him. In our letters we 8.tal
34、k about everything in life.短文改错My dream is to become a school teacher in the future. In fact, I had the dream of becoming a teacher since my childhood. In my opinion, without teachers, no society could make progresses. There is no doubt whether teachers play an important role in children growth. Not
35、 only do teachers pass on knowledge for children, but they also teach children how to behave themselves.Comparing with other jobs, teaching is hard and the pay is lower. And to me, what great fun it is to be with children! They make me to feel young forever because I study harder and try my best to realize my dream.答案：第二句：had 前加 have第三句：progressesprogress第四句：whetherthat; childrenchildrens第五句：forto第六句：Comparing Compared; hardharder第七句：AndBut第八句：去掉第一个 to; becauseso
