1、The Three Gorges Dam, the worlds largest hydroelectric project, was completed in May 20, 2006. It is 185 meters high and able to produce plenty of electricity. People have called it an engineering wonder of the world.The Three Gorges Dam, which stretches across the Yangtze River in Central Chinas Hu
2、bei Province, has been completed nine months ahead of schedule, after 13 years of work, and an expenditure (支出) of $25 billion.It was the Chinese Nationalist leader Sun Yatsen who, in 1919, first conceived (构想) the idea of a giant dam to control the Yangtzes devastating (毁灭性的) annual floods.In recen
3、t years, the push to build a dam has been driven by more modern economic considerations. With Chinas rapidly growing economy, China badly needs more power. The government says the dam will go some way toward solving the countrys energy shortage.Environmentalists, however, have suggested that the res
4、ervoir that will be created could become a giant cesspool (污水坑 ), as untreated waste from nearby cities or chemicals from factories build up.Section_ Introduction & Reading Prereading原文呈现 读文清障The Three Gorges Dam“Walls of stone to hold back clouds and rain”Mao Zedong wrote a poem in which he dreamed
5、 of “walls of stone to hold back clouds and rain till a smooth lake rises in the narrow gorges”. Now his dream has come true . The power of the Yangtze River, which is the worlds third longest river ， has been harnessed by the Three Gorges Dam.The Three Gorges Dam, which is the biggest construction
6、project in China since the building of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal， has been built to control flooding and provide hydroelectric power for the central region of China. The dam is nearly 200 metres high and 1.5 kilometres wide. It is the largest hydroelectric power station and dam in the world
7、 and has cost more than any other construction project in history.gorge /d/n.峡谷dam/dm/n.坝；堤；水闸hold back 阻止in which he dreamed of .是 in which 引导的定语从句，which 指代 a poem。dream of 做梦；梦见；向往rise vi.上升，升起 (riseroserisen)narrow/nr/ adj.狭窄的come true(梦想等)变成现实which 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰 the Yangtze River, which 作从句的主语。
8、harness /hnIs/vt.利用；将(自然力) 变成动力construction/knstrkn/n.建造；建设；建筑which is the biggest .是 which 引导的非限制性定语从句，which 在从句中作主语，指代 the Three Gorges Dam。hydroelectric/haIdrIlektrIk/adj.水力发电的region n地区三峡大坝第 12 段译文“更立西江石壁，截断巫山云雨”毛泽东写过一首词，在词中，他想象了“更立西江石壁，截断巫山云雨，高峡出平湖”的壮丽景观。如今，他的理想变成了现实。三峡大坝利用了世界第三长河长江的能量。三峡大坝是自修筑
9、长城和开凿京杭大运河以来中国最大的建筑工程，它已经建成，用于控制长江的洪灾，并为中国中部地区提供电力。大坝将近 200 米高，1 500 米宽。它是世界上最大的水力发电站和水坝，造价超过历史上的其他任何一项建筑工程。Sun Yatsen, who was the leader of the 1911 Revolution， first suggested the idea of a dam across the Yangtze River in 1919. Three quarters of Chinas energy is produced by burning coal. In 1993,
10、 China used 1.2 billion tons of coal for heating and generating electricity. Unfortunately, burning coal causes serious air pollution and increases global warming. The dam will generate electricity equal to about 40 million tons of coal without causing so much air pollution.The reservoir has flooded
11、 2 cities, 11 counties, 140 towns and more than 4,000 villages. More than a million people who lived in the region have moved from their homes. Now theyre living a happy new life in different areas. 21 The Three Gorges area is one of the most beautiful areas of China and the project has flooded some
12、 of Chinas most famous historical sites ， including the Qu Yuan Temple ， the Han 22 23 24 Watchtower and the Moya Cliff carvings . About 800 historical relics have been 25 26 27 28 submerged . Some of them are being removed and some are being put into museums.,who 29 30 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰 Sun Yatsen, wh
13、o 在从句中作主语。generate/denreIt/vt.发(电)global/lbl/adj.全球的本句中形容词短语 equal to about 40 million tons of coal 作后置定语，修饰electricity。可转换成定语从句 which is equal to about 40 million tons of coal。reservoir/rezvw/n.水库who lived in the region 是定语从句，修饰 more than a million people, who 在从句中作主语。live a(n) .life 过着的生活 21 histo
14、rical/hIstrIkl/adj.历史的；有关历史的 22 historic adj.有历史意义的site/saIt/n.场所；遗址 23 including the Qu Yuan Templethe Qu Yuan Temple included 24 watchtower/wtta/n.望台 25 cliff/klIf/n.悬崖；峭壁 26 carving /kvI/n.(尤指木头、象牙等的 )雕刻(品) 27 relic/relIk/n.(常作复数)(历史的) 遗迹；遗物 28 submerge/sbmd/vt.浸入水中；淹没 29 remove/rImuv/vt.迁移；搬迁 30
15、 第 35 段译文早在 1919 年，领导了辛亥革命的孙逸仙(中山) 先生就首次提出了要修筑横跨长江的大坝的设想。中国四分之三的能量是通过燃煤获得的。1993 年，中国燃掉了 12 亿吨煤用于供热和发电。不幸的是，燃煤导致了严重的大气污染，并且加剧了全球变暖。大坝将要生产相当于燃烧 4 000 万吨煤所产生的电量，但却不会造成那么严重的空气污染。水库淹没了 2 个城市、11 个县、140 个镇和 4 000 多个村庄。生活在这一地区的 100多万人已经从他们的家园搬走了。现在，他们在不同的地区过着幸福的新生活。三峡地区是中国风光最优美的地区之一，由于大坝工程，一些非常著名的中国历史遗迹已被水淹
16、没，包括屈原祠、汉望塔和摩崖石刻。大约 800 处历史遗迹已被淹没。其中有一些正在被转移，还有一些正在被博物馆收藏。PrereadingPlease match the words with their proper meanings.1civil An.( 常作复数)(历史的)遗迹；遗物2reservoir Bvt .容纳( 乘客等)3structure Cadj.民用的，国内的4terminal Dn.水库5accommodate En.建筑物；结构6construction Fn.候机厅；终点站；( 机场的)集散站7relic Gn.建造；建设；建筑8generate Hvt.迁移；搬迁
17、9historical Iadj.全球的10narrow Jvt.淹没；浸入水中11submerge Kvt.发(电)12global Ladj.有关历史的；历史的13remove Madj.狭窄的15_ 610_ 1113_答案：15 CDEFB 610 GAKLM 1113 JIHLeadinAre you familiar with these famous historical sites? Match the following pictures with their names.Athe Summer PalaceBthe Temple of HeavenCthe Great Wa
18、llDthe Leaning Tower of PisaEStonehengeFthe Forbidden CityGthe ruins of YuanmingyuanHthe Taj MahalIPyramids答案： FGIEH ACDBWhilereadingFastreadingRead the text quickly and match the main idea with each part. (1)Para.1 AMao Zedongs dream has come true(2)Para.2 Bgreat benefit brought by the dam(3)Para.3
19、 Csome disadvantages brought by the dam(4)Paras.4&5 Ddescriptions of the dam(1)(4)_答案：(1)(4) ADBCCarefulreadingRead the text carefully and choose the best answers. 1Why is the Three Gorges Dam constructed?ATo harness the Yangtze River.BTo control flooding and provide hydroelectric power for the cent
20、ral region of China.CTo reduce air pollution caused by burning coal.DTo realise Mao Zedongs dream.2Who came up with the idea of constructing the dam first?AMao Zedong. BSun Yatsen.CThe government. DSome experts.3Which of the following is TRUE about the Three Gorges Dam?AIt is a wall of stone to hold
21、 back clouds.BIt is the third largest dam in the world.CIt is nearly 200 metres high and 15 kilometres wide.DIt has cost more than any other construction project in history.4What is the benefit after the construction?AMany cities, towns and villages have been flooded.BMore than one billion people in
22、 the region have moved from their homes.CThe dam generates electricity for the central region of China.DMany famous historical sites have been flooded.5What does the writer think of the construction of the Three Gorges Dam according to the text?AThere will be more advantages.BIt will bring some prob
23、lems.CThe disadvantages are much more than advantages.DNot mentioned at all.答案：15 BBDCAStudyreadingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text. 1The Three Gorges Dam, which is the biggest construction project in China since the building of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal, has been built
24、 to control flooding and provide hydroelectric power for the central region of China.句式分析尝试翻译 三峡大坝是自修筑长城和开凿京杭大运河以来中国最大的建筑工程，它已经建成，用于控制长江的洪灾，并为中国中部地区提供电力。2The dam will generate electricity equal to about 40 million tons of coal without causing so much air pollution.句式分析尝试翻译 大坝将要生产相当于燃烧 4_000 万吨煤所生产的电
25、量，但却不会造成那么严重的空气污染。3The Three Gorges area is one of the most beautiful areas of China and the project has flooded some of Chinas most famous historical sites, including the Qu Yuan Temple, the Han Watchtower and the Moya Cliff carvings.句式分析尝试翻译 三峡地区是中国风光最优美的地区之一。由于大坝工程，一些非常著名的中国历史遗迹已被水淹没，包括屈原祠、汉望塔和摩崖
26、石刻。.阅读理解ANo one can believe that the over 6,300kilometer Great Wall might disappear some day. Believe it or not, the Great Wall is being destroyed by people. Less than 20 percent of the Great Wall built in the Ming Dynasty, is still perfect, but about 80 percent is in danger. The Great Wall can be c
27、alled “great” mostly because of its amazing length. But we should realize that the length was made up of one brick at a time. If we do nothing to save the Great Wall, it will become a series of separate wasteland rather than a historic site.The Great Wall is actually a series of walls built and rebu
28、ilt by different dynasties over the past 2,000 years. It began in the rule of Chinas first emperor, Qin Shihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221BC206BC), and lasted into the Ming Dynasty. The parts built before the Ming Dynasty have nearly disappeared. People are familiar with sections such as Badaling in B
29、eijing and Jiayuguan Pass in Gansu, because they have been open to tourists for many years. But those_sections_far_away_from_the_public_eyes have been almost forgotten.Few local people knew the 3meterhigh walls made of earth and stones beside them are parts of the Great Wall. The lack of knowledge i
30、s considered as one of the main reasons behind human.The bricks on the Great Wall are carried off by countryside people to build their houses, sheep corrals and pigsties. Some were taken away to build roads. Bricks carved with peoples names are put away as remembrances. The rubbish is spread over th
31、e battlements. The brick can be sold 15 yuan per tractor load. Those who destroyed and are destroying the Wall know its name, but are not clear about its cultural meaning. It will take a long time to let them know this. The local farmers not only carried off the body of the Wall but also dug out the
32、 entire base.It is necessary to protect the Great Wall. First of all, the officials should be aware of the importance of the Great Wall. Young Chinese should know more about the nations great civilization and learn to love it.语篇解读：本文叙述了历史文化古迹长城正在遭到破坏，由于人们对于古迹缺乏认识，做了许多破坏性的事情，呼吁人们要保护好长城。1.Why does the
33、 writer say the Great Wall might disappear?AIt is useless from now on.BIt is too old to be used again.CIt will be replaced by a new one.DSome parts of it are being destroyed.解析：选 D 细节理解题。根据第一段 “Believe it or not, the Great Wall is being destroyed by people.”故选 D。2The underlined part “those sections
34、far away from the public eyes” (in Para.2) refers to the parts of the Great Wall _.Anobody can watchBthat are too far to be seenCthat are too difficult to findDthat are not wellknown to the public解析：选 D 细节理解题。根据画线部分前的 “People are familiar with .open to tourists for many years.”可以推出这部分长城没有向游人开放，故选 D。
35、3Whats the main reason of the Great Wall being destroyed?AThe local people sell the bricks for a living.BThe local people are short of culture knowledge.CThe local people think that the Great Wall is not important.DThe local people need bricks and stones to build houses.解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据第三段的 “The lack
36、 of knowledge is .reasons behind human.”故选 B。4Which of the following may be the best title for this passage?AHow to Protect the Great WallBHow the Great Wall came into beingCThe Great Wall Being RebuiltDThe Great Wall Being in Danger解析：选 D 标题归纳题。根据通篇文章和文章的开头可以看出应选 D。BThe basic flag of the United Sta
37、tes is one of the worlds oldest national flags. Only the basic flags of Austria, Denmark, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzer land are older.During the discovery and settlement of what is now the United States, the flags of various European nations were flown over the land, as symbol
38、s of possession.Later, in the Colonial and Revolutionary War periods, flags representing famous persons, places, and events were flown in the American Colonise.The first official flag of the United States was created by Congress on June 14,1777. It consisted of 13 alternate(交替 ) red and white stripe
39、s and 13 white stars in a field of blue, representing the 13 colonies that had declared their independence in 1776. Congress adopted a new flag of 15 stars and 15 stripes in 1795, to give representation to the two new states admitted into the Union, Vermont and Kentucky.By 1817, there were 20 states
40、 in the Union, and it became apparent that adding one stripe for each new state would destroy the shape of the flag. As a result, Congress in 1818 restored the original design of 13 stripes and provided that each state was to be represented by one star. In 1921 Preside William H. Taft made the first
41、 official provision for the arrangement of the stars. He ordered that there be six even rows of eight stars each. Previously the arrangement of the stars had been left to the flagmakers fancy.The evolution of the stars and stripes reflects the growth of the United States. After the admission of Hawa
42、ii into the Union in 1959, the flag was official changed for the 26th time since its creation.There are many government flags flown in the United States in addition to the national flag. Among them are the presidents and vicepresidents flags and those of the federal departments and some federal agen
43、cies. Each state in the Union has an official flag. The United States Navy uses special flags for signaling.语篇解读：本文介绍美国国旗的历史。5The basic flag of the United States is _.Athe oldest national flag in the worldBone of the worlds oldest flagsCthe most beautiful flag in the WestDas old as the basic flags o
44、f some European nations解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据第一段 “The basic flag of the United States is one of the worlds oldest national flags.”可知答案为 B。6Before the War of Independence the flags of various European nations flown over the land were symbols of _.Aselfrule BoccupationCpeace and friendship Dindependence解析：选
45、B 细节理解题。根据第二段内容中的 “as symbols of possession”可知答案为B。7The first official flag of the United States was adopted _.Abefore the Independence WarBright after the Independence WarCwhen independence was declared in 1776Dduring the War of Independence which ended in 1783解析：选 D 推理判断题。根据第四段 “The first official
46、 flag of .on June 14, 1777.”可知国旗创立于 1777 年 7 月 14 日，在美国独立战争期间(1776 1783) ，即答案为 D。8The 13 red and white stripes and 13 white stars represent _.A13 independent statesBthe colonies that declared independence in 1776Cthe US. CongressD13 famous figures in the American colonies解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据第四段 “It consi
47、sted of .independence in 1776.”可知答案为 B。CIn 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business. But he was not a good artist. So he invented a very simple camera. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden. That was the first photo.The next important date in the
48、history of photography was in 1837. That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his reading room. He used a new kind of camera in a different way. In his picture you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype.Soon, other people began to use Daguerres way. Travelers brought back wonderful photo
