1、Many people like the feeling of the gentle wind in spring. Many people like to see the falling leaves dancing in the wind in autumn. But sometimes, when the wind becomes a storm, it can be very destructive (毁灭性的)Every year, major storms cause many problems around the world. There is nothing people c
2、an do to stop these powerful forces of nature. But new techniques are helping scientists to predict (预测) how, when, and where big storms will happen. The more exact scientists warnings are, the better people can prepare for the storms.Predictions are improving. “Weve gotten better over the years, es
3、pecially the last few years，” says Phil Klotzbach, a scientist at an American university. How is a storm formed? Even if scientists know where a storm will happen, winds can suddenly change, carrying the storm to a new direction. “For a hurricane to happen, conditions have to be just right，” Klotzba
4、ch says.First, the ocean water needs to be warm enough so that it evaporates (蒸发) and rises into the air. As it rises, the vapor cools and turns back into liquid. This process gives off heat. This produces energy like an engine that causes winds to increase. It drives the formation of a hurricane.If
5、 wind speed reaches 40 miles per hour, the system is called “tropical storm”， and it gets a name. At 75 miles per hour, it becomes a hurricane.The hurricane season lasts from June to November. Ninety percent of all hurricanes hit in August, September, and October.Section_ Introduction & Reading Prer
6、eading原 文 呈 现 What Is a Tornado ？A tornado is a rotating column of air from a thunderstorm to the ground. The most violent have winds of more than 400 kilometres per hour. Almost all of them occur in the US, in the area from Texas in the southeast to South Dakota in the north.Tornadoes can pick up c
7、ars, trains and even houses and put them down in the next street or even in the next town. They can take the fur off the back of a cat and the feathers off a chicken. They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.On average， there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year,
8、 causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries. The worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925, affecting three US states： Missouri, Illinois and Indiana. By the time it ended, more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured. 读 文 清 障 tornado/tneId/ n.龙卷风rotating/rteItI/adj.旋转的；循环的column
9、 /klm/n.柱状物；柱状体thunderstorm/ndstm/n.雷暴violent /vaIlnt/adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强烈的per prep.每occur/k/vi.发生occur 不用于被动语态和进行时态。pick up 卷起；掀起fur/f/ n.(动物的 )毛皮 take off 去掉feather/fe/n.羽毛 furniture/fnIt/n.家具where it was 是 where 引导的地点状语从句。on average 平均起来 cause/kz/ vt.引起；导致causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries 是现在分
10、词短语作结果状语。of all time 有史以来，历史上(常与最高级连用)现在分词短语 affecting three US states 作状语，表结果。什么是龙卷风？第 13 段译文龙卷风是指一个从空中的雷暴延伸到地面而生成的旋转气柱。最强烈的龙卷风风速达到每小时 400 千米以上。几乎所有的龙卷风都发生在美国，从东南部的得克萨斯州到北部的南达科他州。龙卷风能卷起汽车、火车，甚至房子，把它们卷到邻近的街道甚至邻近的城镇。它们( 龙卷风) 能拔掉猫背上的毛和鸡身上的羽毛。它们能毁掉房子，却把房内的家具留在原处。平均起来，美国每年发生 800 次龙卷风，造成大约 80 人死亡、1 500 人
11、受伤。有史以来最严重的一场龙卷风发生在 1925 年，影响了美国的三个州：密苏里州、伊利诺伊州和印第安纳州。等到风停时，已有 700 人死亡，2 700 人受伤。What Is a Hurricane?Hurricanes are strong tropical storms, and they usually occur in the southern Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. There are violent winds of 120 kilometres per hour or more， whi
12、ch cause huge waves ， heavy rain and floods . There are on average 21 22 six Atlantic hurricanes each year and they usually affect the east coast of the US from Texas to Maine.The worst hurricane disaster of all time occurred on the 8th September 1900 in Galveston, Texas. Winds of 200 kilometres per
13、 hour and fivemetre high waves hit the city. The disaster 23 killed 6,000 people in a population of 37,000 and destroyed 3,600 buildings.,tropical/trpIkl/adj.热带的which cause huge waves, heavy rain and floods 是 which 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰 winds。wave/weIv/n.波浪 21 wave v挥手，招手flood/fld/n.洪水 22 hit v袭击 23 什么是飓风？
14、第 45 段译文飓风是强劲的热带风暴，它们通常发生在南大西洋、加勒比海以及墨西哥湾。(飓风发生时)风速达每小时 120 千米或更快，引发巨浪、暴雨和洪灾。每年平均有 6 次大西洋飓风，这些飓风通常会影响从得克萨斯州到缅因州的美国东部海岸。有史以来最强烈的飓风灾难于 1900 年 9 月 8 日发生在得克萨斯州的加尔维斯顿。时速高达 200 千米的大风和 5 米高的巨浪袭击了这座城市。37 000 人中有 6 000 人遇难，3 600幢建筑物被摧毁。An Extraordinary EventThis is a story about the 1900 Galveston hurricane.
15、Charles Coghlan was a nineteenthcentury Irish actor who went to live in Canada . He then 24 moved to New York, where he became famous . By the late 1890s，he had moved to Galveston, 25 where he died in 1899, a year before the hurricane struck . The cemetery where 26 27 28 29 Coghlan was buried was de
16、stroyed by the hurricane and Coghlans coffin ended up in the 30 31 32 sea.Eight years later, the coffin was found by fishermen in the sea near his home on Prince Edward Island in the east of Canada. The Gulf Stream had carried it 3,000 kilometres up the 33 eastern US coast to Prince Edward Island. C
17、oghlan travelled back to Canada after he had been buried in Texas！, who 引导的定语从句，修饰 actor, who 在从句中作主语。 24 where 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰 New York。where 在从句中作地点状语，可 25 以转换成 in which。where 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰 Galveston。 26 strike/straIk/vt.& n(雷电、暴风雨等) 袭击 27 strikestruckstruck/strickencemetery/semtri/n.墓地；公墓 28 wher
18、e 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 the cemetery, where 在从句中作地点状语。 29 bury/beri/vt.埋葬 30 be buried inbury oneself in 埋头于，专心于coffin/kfIn/n.棺材 31 end up 结果为，以结束 32 end up with 以某种方式结束up prep.沿而上 33 一个离奇的事件第 68 段译文这是一个关于 1900 年加尔维斯顿飓风的故事。查尔斯科格伦是 19 世纪一位定居加拿大的爱尔兰演员。后来他移居纽约，并在那里成名。到 19 世纪 90 年代末，他已经移居加尔维斯顿，于 1899 年在那里去世，也就是
19、飓风袭击那里的前一年。掩埋科格伦的公墓被飓风摧毁，他的棺材最终被卷入了大海。8 年后，渔民们在加拿大东部爱德华王子岛他家附近发现了他的棺材。墨西哥湾流沿着美国东海岸把它(棺材)一直带到爱德华王子岛，行程 3 000 千米。埋葬于得克萨斯州的查尔斯 科格伦又回到了加拿大！PrereadingPlease match the words with their proper meanings. 1disaster Avt.引起；导致2experience Bn.波浪3cause Cvt .&n.(雷电、暴风雨等 )袭击4furniture Dn.墓地；公墓5bury En.灾难6occur Fvt.
20、经历7violent Gn.家具8wave Hvi.发生9strike Iadj.猛烈的；激烈的；强烈的10cemetery Jvt.埋葬15_ 610_答案：15 EFAGJ 610 HIBCDLeadinLooking at the following pictures and write down the names of the natural disasters. 1.earthquake 2.fire 3.typhoon4tornado 5.lightning 6.floodWhilereading FastreadingRead the text quickly and matc
21、h the sentences.1A tornado is _.2Tornadoes can destroy houses _.3Hurricanes are strong tropical storms _.4Charles Coghlan was an Irish actor _.5There are on average six Atlantic hurricanes each year _.Aand they usually occur in the southern Atlantic OceanBand they usually affect the east coast of th
22、e US from Texas to MaineCand something unexpected happened to his coffin after he diedDa rotating column of air from a thunderstorm to the groundEbut leave the furniture inside exactly where it was15 _答案：15 DEACBCarefulreadingRead the text carefully and choose the best answers. 1Which of the followi
23、ng descriptions about tornado is NOT correct?AIt is a kind of rotating column of air.BIt is usually caused by a thunderstorm. CIt can reach a speed up to more than 400 kilometers per hour. DIt can cause much damage to people, including deaths and injuries.2How much damage did the worst tornado cause
24、 to the US?AIt picked up cars, trains and even houses and put them down in the next street. BThe fur of the back of many cats and the feathers of many chickens had been taken off.CIt caused about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries. DMore than 700 people lost their lives and 2,700 had been injured.3What ar
25、e the similarities between the tornado and hurricane?AThey both occur together with strong wind. BAmerica is the country affected often by both of them. CThey both can cause a lot of damage to people and the buildings. DAll above.4Where was Charles Coghlan born indeed?AIn Ireland. BIn Canada.CIn New
26、 York. DIn Galveston. 5What are the causes of these natural violence?AThe different atmospheric pressure between two areas. BThe changeable weather in these areas. CThe destruction of the nature by human beings. DNot mentioned in the passage.答案：15 BDDADStudyreadingAnalyze the following difficult sen
27、tences in the text.1The worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925, affecting three US states: Missouri, Illinois and Indiana.句式分析尝试翻译 有史以来最严重的一场龙卷风发生在 1925 年，影响了美国的三个州：密苏里州、伊利诺伊州和印第安纳州。2There are violent winds of 120 kilometres per hour or more, which cause huge waves, heavy rain and floods. 句式分析尝试
28、翻译 风速达每小时 120 千米或更快，引发巨浪、暴雨和洪灾。3By the late 1890s, he had moved to Galveston, where he died in 1899, a year before the hurricane struck.句式分析尝试翻译 到 19 世纪 90 年代末，他已经移居加尔维斯顿，于 1899 年在那里去世，也就是飓风袭击那里的前一年。.阅读理解AHurricane Babette reached the northeastern United States today and caused death and destruction
29、 everywhere. The killer storm carried winds of 135 miles per hour. The high winds and heavy rains, together with the force of the Atlantic Ocean, created extremely dangerous waves. It is not yet known how many people died or were hurt in this storm, but it is said that the numbers will be very high.
30、 The damage to homes, business and crops will run into billions of dollars. Now that the storm is over, the long, slow rebuilding will begin.With the arrival of the tornado season, the National Weather Service is again telling people how to protect themselves from these deadly storms. The winds from
31、 tornadoes are the most violent winds on earth. They can blow up to 400 miles per hour. A tornado looks like a funnel(漏斗). It is also very loud. It may sound like a train coming at you. In fact, the winds from a tornado can pick up a train and throw it around. If a tornado is seen in your area, it i
32、s very important that you protect yourself. A basement (地下室) is the safest place to go. Try to wait under a table in the basement. If your building does not have a basement, stay on the ground floor but lie flat under a bed or table. Stay away from windows. If you are outside or in your car, try to
33、find a narrow place to lie down in.As the area tries to deal with the worst flood of the century, there are many heartwarming stories of people helping other people. From all over the world people have sent food and clothes to help the thousands who have had to leave their homes. Many volunteers hav
34、e come to help to make sandbags and use them to build walls against the overflowing river. While the result of this disaster will be terrible for many, it is beautiful to see people coming together to help others and save lives, and property (财产) 语 篇 解 读 ：本 文 讲 述 了 自 然 灾 害 带 给 人 们 的 灾 难 及 在 这 些 灾 难
35、中 人 们 如 何 自 救 。1What are the three short paragraphs about?ANewspaper articles about the weather.BBad weather forecasts in newspapers.CIntroduction to climate in different places.DPopular science on climate.解析：选 A 主旨大意题。第一段讲述飓风造成的损失，第二段讲述龙卷风中人们如何自救，第三段讲述了在这些灾难中人们的表现。故这篇文章应该是一篇关于天气的新闻稿。2According to t
36、he passage, a person who sees a tornado in his area, had better NOT _.Astay on the ground floor but lie down under a bedBgo to the basement and wait under a tableCfind a deep narrow place to lie down inDdrive his car away as fast as possible解析：选 D 细节理解题。由第二段最后一句 “or in your car, try to find a narrow
37、 place to lie down in”可知应该停车而不是快速行驶。3We can learn from the passage that _.AHurricane Babette damaged the northwestern coast of USBwhen theres flooding, sandbags can be made and used to build wallCthe National Weather Service often takes measures to protect the local peopleDpeople are often reminded
38、of how to protect themselves from snowstorm 解析：选 B 细节理解题。由第三段 “make sandbags and use them to build walls against the overflowing river”可知沙袋可以筑成墙抗洪。BThe US government has recently helped people learn more about the dangers of earthquakes by publishing a map. This map shows the chances of an earthquak
39、e in each part of the country. The areas of the map where earthquakes are most likely to occur are called earthquake belts. The government is spending a great deal of money and is working hard to help to discover the answers to these two questions：Can we predict earthquakes?Can we control earthquake
40、s?To answer the first question, scientists are looking very closely at the most active fault (断层) systems in the country, such as the San Andreas fault in California. A fault is a break between two sections of the earths surface. These breaks between sections are the places where earthquakes occur.
41、Scientists look at the faults for changes which might show that an earthquake was about to occur. But it will probably be many years before we can predict earthquakes correctly. And the control of earthquakes is even farther away.However, there have been some interesting developments in the field of
42、 controlling earthquakes. The most interesting development concerns the Rocky Mountain Arsenal earthquakes. Here water was put into a layer of rocks 4,000 metres below the surface of the ground. Shortly after this injection (注射) of water, there was a small number of earthquakes. Scientists have deci
43、ded that the water which was injected into the rocks worked like oil on each other.When the water “oiled” the fault, the fault became slippery and the energy of an earthquake was given out. Scientists are still experimenting at the site of these earthquakes. They have realized that there is a connec
44、tion between the injection of the water and the earthquake activity. They have suggested that it might be possible to use this knowledge to prevent very big, dangerous earthquakes, that is, scientists could inject some kind of fluid like water into faults and change one big earthquake into a number
45、of small, harmless earthquakes.语篇解读：为了提高人们对地震的防范意识，美国政府加大了在防震、预测方面的投入，他们甚至在努力采取措施控制地震的发生。4Earthquakes belts are _.Amaps that show where earthquakes are likely to occurBzones with a high probability of earthquakesCbreaks between two sections of the earths surfaceDthe two layers of earth along a fault
46、解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据第一段的第三句可知，地震多发地带被称为earthquake belts。5The San Andreas fault is _.Aan active fault systemBa place where earthquakes have been predicted correctlyCa place where earthquakes have been controlledDat the foot of the Rocky Mountain解析：选 A 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，该地区为地震比较活跃的地区。6What did scientists learn
47、 about earthquakes at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal?AThey occur at about 4,000 metres below ground level.BThe injection of water into earthquake faults prevents earthquakes from occurring.CThey are usually caused by the oil in the faults.DHarmful earthquakes could be prevented by causing harmless earth
48、quakes.解析：选 D 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知。7What can be said about the experiments at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal?AThey have no practical value in earthquake prevention.BThey may have practical value in earthquake prevention.CThey are certain to have practical value in earthquake prevention.DNothing is told about their practical value in earthquake prevention.解析：选 B 推理判断题。根据科学家的试验，通过向断裂带注水可以引发小地震
