1、Period 4 语法专题课学习目标.Know the rules of this grammar point.1.The -ing form can be used as the attribute.2.The -ing form can be used as the adverbial of time/reason/accompanying/result.Make use of the rules to make sentences.呈现新知Look through the first reading passage,write out the missing part of the ei
2、ght sentences and point out their functions in the sentences.1.Yesterday,another student and I, ,went to the Capital International Airport to meet this years international students. 2.I saw several young people enter the waiting area . 3.I stood for a minute and then went to greet them. 4.She steppe
3、d back and put up her hands. 5.Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in . 6.Just at that moment,however,Akira bowed so his nose touched . 7.When Darlene Coulon from France came dashing through the door,she recognized Tony Garcias face. 8.In the same way that people communicate with spoken language,they
4、also express their feelings . 感受新知Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the following verbs.observe deliver focus touch approach enjoy defend shake1.He is a postman letters from door to door. 2.While the professor was doing the experiment,the boy sat there carefully. 3.He lost his life the ho
5、nor of his nation. 4.She sat by the windows, the beautiful sights outside. 5.The buildings showed us that an earthquake was coming. 6.How attentive the students are! They are all sitting straight, their eyes on the screen. 7.It is exciting to watch athletes reach the other end of the swimming pool.
6、8.The blind man walked the walls of the building. 归纳拓展.Read the following sentences and find out the function of the underlined part.1.On the bed lies a sleeping baby.2.There is a baby sleeping in the bed.3.Looking about,he saw nothing around him.4.Tom stood there,not moving,and waited for the appro
7、aching bus.5.You speak English very well,considering you have only been studying for a year.According to Chinese,fill in the blanks of the following sentences and find out their functions in the sentences.1. (听到这个好消息),we were all excited. 2. (不知道他的地址),we couldnt get in touch with him. 3.The teacher
8、stood there, (同另一个老师谈话). 4. (往右转),you will find the post office. 5.I turned off the light, ( 所以什么也看不见). 6. (尽管相信他的话),we still think that he hasnt tried his best. 7.After a discussion,our family went (购物)together. 8. (从她的外表看),she seems to be a doctor. 巩固运用.单句改错1.Sarah pretended to be cheerful,said no
9、thing about the argument.2.Sit down,Emma.You will only make yourself tired,to keep on your feet.3.Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house looked newly polished.4.Look over theretheres a very long,winding path leads up to the house.5.Recently a survey compared prices of the same go
10、ods in two different supermarkets has caused a heated debate among citizens.6.Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures,some had a life span of around 20 years.7.More highways have been built in China,to make it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.8.Do you wake up every morni
11、ng feel energetic and ready to start a new day?9.Gather around the fire,the tourists danced with the local people.10.On receiving a phone call from his wife says she had a fall,Mr Green immediately rushed home from his office.单项填空1.(2014 北京卷)Last night,there were millions of people the opening cerem
12、ony live on TV. A.watch B.to watch C.watched D.watching2.The lecture, at 7:00 pm last night,was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. A.starting B.being started C.to start D.to be started 3.(2014 大纲卷)Today there are more airplanes more people than ever before in the skies. A.carry
13、B.carrying C.carried D.to be carrying4.Mark lives in a big pleasant room approximately 5 meters by 6 meters. A.measures B.measuring C.to be measured D.having measured 5.(2014 福建卷) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong,Linda appears more mature than those of her age. A.Spending B.Spent C.
14、Having spent D.To spend6.“You cant catch me!” Janet shouted, away. A.run B.running C.to run D.ran 7.(2014 湖南卷)There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland; at the night sky. A.to stare B.staring C.stared D.having stared8. how to work out the difficult physics pro
15、blem,he asked the teacher for help. A.Not to know B.Not knowing C.Knowing not D.Not known 9.(2014 江西卷) nearly all our money,we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel. A.Having spent B.To spend C.Spent D.To have spent10. many times,he still repeated the same mistake. A.Having been told B.Having told C.Tel
16、ling D.Told 11.(2014 山东卷)Theres a note pinned to the door when the shop will open again. A.saying B.says C.said D.having said12.(2013 北京卷) the course very difficult,she decided to move to a lower level. A.Find B.Finding C.To find D.Found13.(2013 江苏卷)Lionel Messi, the record for the most goals in a c
17、alendar year,is considered the most talented football player in Europe. A.set B.setting C.to set D.having set14.(2013 湖南卷)The sun began to rise in the sky, the mountain in golden light. A.bathed B.bathing C.to have bathed D.having bathed15.(2013 辽宁卷)Laura was away in Paris for over a week.When she g
18、ot home,there was a pile of mail for her. A.waited B.to wait C.waiting D.was waiting16.(2013 山东卷)The room is empty except for a bookshelf in one corner. A.standing B.to stand C.stands D.stood17.(2013 山东卷) at the cafeteria before,Tina didnt want to eat there again. A.Having eaten B.To eat C.Eat D.Eat
19、ing18.(2013 四川卷) which university to attend,the girl asked her teacher for advice. A.Not knowing B.Knowing not C.Not known D.Known not19.(2013 新课标卷)I got to the office earlier that day, the 7:30 train from Paddington. A.caught B.to have caught C.to catch D.having caught20.(2013 新课标卷)The sunlight is
20、white and blinding, hard-edged shadows on the ground. A.throwing B.being thrown C.to throw D.to be thrown参考答案呈现新知1.representing our universitys student association2.looking around curiously3.watching them4.appearing surprised5.smiling6.Georges moving hand7.smiling8.using unspoken “language” through
21、physical distance,actions and posture感受新知1.delivering 2.observing 3.defending 4.enjoying 5.shaking 6.focusing 7.approaching 8.touching归纳拓展.1.“Sleeping” is a single -ing form which modifies the noun“baby”,so it is placed before the noun“baby”.2.“Sleeping in the bed” is an -ing phrase modifying a noun
22、 phrase “a baby”,so it is placed behind the noun phrase “a baby”.3.“Looking about” is placed at the beginning of the sentence but it can also be put at the end of the sentence.4.“Not moving” modifies the predicate “stood there”,so it is put in the middle of the sentence.5.“Considering you have only
23、been studying for a year” in the sentence is placed at the end of the sentence,but it can also be put at the beginning of the sentence.1.Hearing the good news Here the -ing form is used as an adverbial of time.2.Not knowing his address Here the -ing form is used as an adverbial of reason.3.talking w
24、ith another teacher Here the -ing form is used as an adverbial of accompanying.4.Turning to the right Here the -ing form is used as an adverbial of condition.5.seeing nothing Here the -ing form is used as an adverbial of result.6.Admitting what he said Here the -ing form is used as an adverbial of g
25、iving in.7.shopping Here the -ing form is used as an adverbial of purpose.8.Judging from her appearance Here the logical subject of “Judging from her appearance” is not the subject of the main sentence,so it is an exception.巩固运用.1.saidsaying 考查非谓语动词。句意: 萨拉假装开心,对那次争论什么也没说。句中没有连词,故 said 改为 saying,在句中是
26、伴随状语。2.to keepkeeping 考查非谓语动词。句意:埃玛,你坐下吧。老这么站着你会累的。 to keep 表示将来。make yourself tired 与 keep on your feet 同时进行 ,故 to keep 改为 keeping。3.lookedlooking 考查非谓语动词。句意: 迈克在他屋子外的大街上发现了他丢失的汽车,看上去刚打过蜡。looked 是谓语形式,但句中没有连词;looking 表明车子的特性,作伴随状语,故 looked 改为 looking。4.leadsleading 考查非谓语动词。句意: 看那儿,有一条长长的蜿蜒小路向上延伸到那座
27、房子。leading 作 path 的后置定语,相当于 which leads。paredcomparing 考查非谓语动词。句意:最近一项调查引起了市民们的激烈讨论,该调查是比较在两个不同超市里的相同商品的价格。句子的主语是 a survey,谓语动词是has caused,宾语是 a heated debate。由此可见,原句不缺主干成分,“ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets”该部分是来修饰 survey 的,作后置定语。由于 prices 作 compare 的宾语,是主动形式,故 compared 改为 com
28、paring。6.hadhaving 考查独立主格结构。句意: 令人惊讶的是,蝙蝠是长寿的动物,有些能活20 年左右。had 是谓语动词形式,题中没有连词,一个简单句中不能同时存在两个谓语动词,having 是动词-ing 形式表示伴随。7.to makemaking 考查非谓语动词。句意 :中国已经修建了许多高速公路,人们更加方便地从一个地点到另外一个地点旅游。to make 作目的状语,不符合句意;making it.是动词-ing 形式在句中作结果状语,但是此句中如果去掉 in China 后的逗号,用 to make 也是正确的。8.feelfeeling 考查非谓语动词。句意: 每天
29、早上醒来后, 你是否感到精力充沛,并为新的一天做好了准备?wake up 作句子的谓语,句中没有连词,因此用谓语动词 feel 是不对的。feel 和 you 之间是主谓关系,故用 feeling 作伴随状语。9.GatherGathering 考查非谓语动词。句意: 游客们围绕在火堆旁边,与当地人一起跳舞。gather 的动作由 the tourists 执行,用主动形式,并与 dance 同时进行,故用 gathering,表示伴随。10.sayssaying 考查非谓语动词。句意 :在接到妻子的电话说她摔倒后,格林先生立刻从办公室冲回家。非谓语动词修饰 phone call,前后动词的动
30、作在同一时间发生 ,表主动进行用动词-ing 形式,表示伴随。.1.D 考查非谓语动词。句意 :昨天晚上,好几百万人在电视上观看了开幕式的直播。此处为非谓语动词修饰 people,且表示主动,故用现在分词形式,相当于一个定语从句 who watched.。2.A 考查非谓语动词的用法。根据 last night 可知 start 已经发生,故排除 C、D 两项(不定式常表将来),B 项(being done)一般表示一个被动动作正在进行 ,也排除。The lecture 和start 之间是主谓关系 ,故用动词- ing 形式作定语。3.B 考查非谓语动词。句意: 与以前相比,如今天空中有更多
31、的飞机来运送更多的乘客。“ more people”是定语,修饰 airplanes。且 airplanes 和 carry 之间是主谓关系,因此 B 项正确。 4.B 考查动词-ing 形式作定语。本句中的动词 measure 可以作为及物动词 vt.“测量; 估量”; 也可以表示 “距离(或长度、宽度、数量等 )为”。本句中的 measure 表示的就是第二层含义“距离(或长度、宽度、数量等 )为”; 动词 measure 与前面的名词 room 构成逻辑上的主动关系,故使用动词-ing 形式 measuring approximately 5 meters by 6 meters 来修饰
32、前面的名词 room。句意:马克生活在一个面积大约为 5 米乘 6 米的很大的舒服的房子里。故 B 项正确。5.C 考查非谓语动词作状语。句意: 作为交换生在香港待了一年 ,琳达看上去要比她的同龄人更成熟。分析句子结构可知,所填部分在句中作状语,且与句子的主语之间是主动关系,排除 B 项 ;根据句意可知,非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前,故选 C 项。6.B 考查非谓语动词。动词-ing 形式 running 与句中主语 Janet 为逻辑上的主谓关系,与句中谓语动词 shout 同时发生。句意:“ 你抓不住我!” 珍妮特喊着,逃跑了。故 B 项正确。动词- ing 形式作状语的用
33、法需要注意动词-ing 形式的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。7.B 考查非谓语动词。句意: 没有什么乐趣能比得上躺在草地中央 ,凝望夜空。根据句意可知,“躺在草地中央 ”与“凝望夜空 ”是同时发生的动作,因此用现在分词形式作伴随状语。8.B 考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。句意: 不知道怎么解决这个难的物理问题 ,他向老师求助。因为 he 和 know 是主动关系 ,用动词-ing 形式作状语 ,否定式是在动词-ing 形式前面加 not,选 B 项。9.A 考查非谓语动词。句意 :几乎把我们所有的钱都花光了,我们住不起旅馆了。分析句子结构可知,所填部分在句中作原因状语,与句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的主
34、动关系,故用现在分词作状语。10.A 考查非谓语动词。句意 :他虽然被告诉过许多次但仍旧犯同样的错误。这里是非谓语动词作状语,having done 在谓语动词之前发生表示主动。having been done 在谓语动词之前发生表示被动。故选 A 项。11.A 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知 ,此处要用非谓语动词形式修饰前面的名词 a note,且 note 与 say 之间为逻辑上的主动关系 ,故要用现在分词的一般式作后置定语。句意 :在门上钉着一张字条,上面说商店何时将会再次开张。12.B 考查非谓语动词。句意: 她发现这门课程很难,决定转学难度小一些的课程。主语she 与动词 find
35、之间是主动关系 ,所以用现在分词形式作原因状语。13.D 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知 ,该句的主句结构是非常完整的,缺少的成分只能是非谓语形式,主语 Lionel Messi 与 set the record 是主动关系,而且“创纪录”已经完成,所以用现在分词的完成式。14.B 考查非谓语动词。bath“沐浴,笼罩”,可作及物动词。 “ the mountain in golden light”在题目中作状语。 A 项为过去分词 ,表被动和完成;B 项为现在分词作状语;C 项为不定式的完成式,表示该动作发生在谓语动词之前;D 项为现在分词的完成式,表示该动作发生在谓语动词之前。句意:太阳
36、开始在空中升起,那座山沐浴在金色的阳光里。故选 B 项。 15.C 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,there be 句型结构完整,缺少的只是修饰成分,排除 D 项;a pile of mail 与 wait 之间存在主动关系,所以选择现在分词形式作后置定语。16.A 考查非谓语动词。句意 :这个房间空荡荡的,只不过是角落里立着一个书架。根据except for 可知,后面不能用谓语动词形式 ,且 bookshelf 与 stand 之间存在逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词作后置定语。故选 A 项。17.A 考查非谓语动词。句意 :蒂娜以前曾在这家自助餐厅吃过饭,她不想再去了。根据句意可知,此
37、处非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前,且主语 Tina 与 eat 存在逻辑上的主动关系,故要用现在分词的完成式。因此 A 项正确。18.A 考查非谓语动词。句意 :由于不知道上哪一所大学,这个女孩向她的老师征求建议。非谓语动词的否定式,应把 not 置于非谓语动词的前面 ,故排除 B 项和 D 项; 由于 know 与主句的主语 the girl 之间存在主动关系,故选 A 项。19.D 考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知 ,赶上七点半的火车这件事发生在前,到达办公室发生在后,为了体现动作的先后,故使用分词的完成式;主句主语与 catch 之间是主动关系,所以选 D 项。20.A 考查非谓语动词。句意 :阳光明亮刺眼,在地上投下轮廓分明的影子。所填部分在句中作伴随状语,且 the sunlight 与 throw 之间是主动关系,故用现在分词。
