1、Period Five Lesson 4 Understanding.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共 8 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 12 分)1.rank n.职衔 2.bureaucratic adj.官僚的 3.religion n.宗教 4.shadow n.阴影，影子 5.conventional adj.传统的，保守的6.kingdom n.王国 7.civilisation n.文明 8.vital adj.极其重要的.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共 12 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 24 分)9.获得，得到 vt.acquire 10.思考，考虑 n.thinking11.值得
2、的 adj.worthy 12.保卫，保护 n.defence保卫，保护 vt.defend 13.忽视，不顾 vt.ignore无知的 adj. ignorant14.不情愿的 adj.unwilling愿意的 adj.willing 15.假定，假设 n.assumption假定，假设 vt. assume16.赞成，认可，满意 vt.approve同意，赞同 n.approval17.力劝，强烈要求 vt.urge紧急的 adj.urgent18.启发，鼓舞 vt.inspire鼓舞，灵感 n.inspiration 19.有用的，有益的 adj.beneficial好处，益处 n. b
3、enefit20.比喻，景象，形象 n. image.写出下列短语或短语对应的汉语意思(共 12 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 24 分)21.to start with 首先 22.be accustomed to 习惯于23.违背 go against 24.more.than.与其说不如说 25.往往会，倾向于 tend to 26.be unwilling to do sth.不乐意做某事27.instead of 代替，而不是 28.提出 put forward29.赞成，赞许 approve of30.search for 寻找31.at times 有时32.换句话说 in oth
4、er words.完成句子(共 4 小题；每小题 10 分，满分 40 分)33were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence.常常被教会惩罚而无人为他们辩护。34.It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these ancient views as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle (384322 BC). 人们愿意相信这些古老的见解，这毫不奇怪，因为那
5、是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384322 年)提出来的。35. They didnt want to challenge what theyd always thought was true.他们不想挑战他们向来认为正确的东西。36.But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him，he was wrong at times.但是即使是亚里士多德这样一位鼓舞了很多科学家和哲学家的伟大人物，有时也会犯错误。.Tell whether t
6、he following statements are True (T) or False (F).1.People are used to turning to the Internet for help when they have questions nowadays.( T )2.Most people in Bacons time were interested in the search for knowledge as Bacon.( F )3.People believed that the Earth was the centre of the universe until
7、Galilei proved Aristotle was wrong.( F )4.Galilei proved that the Earth wasnt the centre of the universe，but he also made a mistake.( T )5.We will get more knowledge about the world since men never stop thinking and researching.( T ).Read the passage and answer the following questions.1.What is the
8、first step to acquire knowledge and understanding?A.To find answers.B.To study the facts.C.To test answers.D.To put forward questions.答案 D2.Who solve problems by thinking and analyzing according to the passage?A.People nowadays.B.People in the 17th century.C.Modern scientists and thinkers.D.The grea
9、t philosopher Aristotle.答案 C3.People in the 17th century didnt believe Galileo Galilei because .A.they believed more in religionB.the Earth was standing stillC.Bacon put forward the view that the Earth must be the center of the universeD.Galilei couldnt prove his view that the Earth was not the cent
10、er of the universe答案 A4.Whats the aim of the writer when Aristotle and Galilei are referred to in the fourth paragraph?A.Aristotle was wrong.B.Its unbelievable for great men to be wrong.C.Galilei was wrong.D.Everyone can be wrong at times.答案 D5.Whats the main idea of the sentence “All truths are eas
11、y to understand once they are discovered；the point is to discover them.”？A.All truths are easy to discover.B.Its most important to discover truths.C.Its more important to understand truths than to discover them.D.If we want to discover truths，we should first understand them.答案 B重点词汇Although today we
12、 are more accustomed to typing a few key words into a search engine and waiting for the Internet to spit the answer out for us.尽管我们现在更习惯于用搜索引擎输入几个关键词，等待互联网为我们找出答案?be/get accustomed to (doing) sth.习惯于(做) 某事accustom vt.使习惯于accustom sb./oneself to (doing) sth.使某人/自己习惯于(1)They find themselves working to
13、 support the lifestyle to which they have so quickly become accustomed.他们发现自己工作是为了维持他们那么快就已经习惯了的生活方式。(2)I am accustomed to cold weather.我习惯于寒冷的天气。(3)You must learn to accustom yourself(you) to hard work.你必须学会使自己适应艰苦的工作。一句多译(4)我尽量使自己习惯在喧闹的房间里工作。I tried to get used to working in the noisy room.I tried
14、 to get accustomed to working in the noisy room.I tried to accustom myself to working in the noisy room.The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and were unwilling to challenge what they had always comfortably believed.教会和许多人经常忽视事实，不愿意去挑战他们一直舒舒服服所相信的一切。?tend to do sth.往往会，倾向于tend to/tow
15、ards sth.趋向，倾向于tend (to) sb./sth.照料，照管tendency n.倾向；趋势have a tendency to do sth.倾向于做某事(1)Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are.(2018全国) 很多人往往会谈论他们并不真正了解的传统。(2)Doctors and nurses tended to the patients carefully during the outbreak of SARS.非典时期医生和护士悉心照料病人。(3)I
16、 have a tendency(tend) to talk too much when Im nervous.我紧张时往往话多。一句多译(4)我哥哥在兴奋时常常会跳舞。My brother tends to dance when he is very excited.(tend)My brother has a tendency to dance when he is very excited.(tendency)?ignore vt.忽视，不顾；不理睬ignorant adj. 无知的；愚昧的be ignorant of/about.对不了解；对无知ignorance n.无知；不知情(5
17、)In this area，the French law is often ignored.在这一地区，法国法律通常被忽视。(6)At that time I was ignorant of/about events going on elsewhere.当时我对其他地方发生的事情一无所知。(7)As a matter of fact，his failure resulted from his ignorance(ignore).事实上，他的失败源于他的无知。高级表达(8)My classmate walked past me and she ignored me completely.(用非
18、谓语动词改写)My classmate walked past me，ignoring me completely.At first，people approved of his studies and urged him to continue，but later when he proved Aristotle wrong，they grew angry and put him in prison.起初，人们赞同他的研究并鼓励他继续进行，但是当他证实亚里士多德是错误的时候，他们生气了，并把他关进了监狱。?approve vi.赞成，同意；vt.批准，通过approve of (doing)
19、 sth.赞成/同意( 做)某事approval n.批准，认可，赞成meet with ones approval 得到某人的同意disapprove v.不赞成，不同意(1)The following items are approved for use in residential rooms.下列东西被批准在宿舍使用。(2)From what is mentioned above，I approve of the picture in the top right corner.根据以上提到的，我赞同右上角那幅图。(3)I hope the arrangements meet with
20、your approval.我希望这些安排会得到你的同意。单句改错(4)Personally，I do approve students writing blogs. of?urge vt.力劝，强烈要求； n.强烈的欲望；冲动urge sb.to do sth.力劝某人做某事，怂恿某人做某事urge sth.on/upon sb.向某人强调某事urge that sb.(should) do.强烈要求某人urgent adj.紧急的urgency n.紧急，紧迫；紧急的事(5)Parents should actively urge their children to take advant
21、age of the opportunity to join sports teams.父母应积极督促孩子抓住机会加入运动队。(6)He urged the necessity of patience on/upon us.他极力主张我们必须忍耐。一句多译(7)他催我们走。He urged us to go.He urged our going.He urged that we (should) go.单句改错(8)Many students urged that the school reading room kept open during the vacation.wasbeBut ev
22、en though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him，he was wrong at times.但是即使是亚里士多德这样一位鼓舞了很多科学家和哲学家的伟大人物，有时也会犯错误。?inspire v.鼓舞；启发inspire sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事inspire sb.with sth.(inspire sth.in sb.)激起/唤起某人的(感情、思想等)inspired adj.获得灵感的；受到鼓舞的inspiring adj.鼓舞
23、人心的inspiration n.鼓舞，启发，灵感(1)The possibility that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.(2018天津)宇宙中其他星球上有生命的可能性一直鼓舞着科学家们探索外太空。(2)She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay(lay) down their weapons.她希望鼓励牙买加人放下他们的武器。(3)King was a great or
24、ator and an inspiring(inspire) leader.金是伟大的演说家和鼓舞人心的领袖。(4)With inspiration(inspire) from other food cultures，American food culture can take a turn for the better.受到了其他饮食文化的启发，美国饮食文化可以变得更好。高级表达(5)As they were inspired by that brave soldier，they worked much harder than before.(用非谓语动词改写)Inspired by tha
25、t brave soldier，they worked much harder than before.These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for；more vital to a man，and more beneficial to mankind，some might say，than all the money in the world.这些人懂得知识和理解是要奋斗的事情，有人会说，对一个人或人类来说，它比世界上所有的金钱都重要，都有益。?beneficial adj.有用的，有益的be b
26、eneficial to.对有益benefit v.有益于，得益于； n.益处，好处benefit from/by.从中受益for the benefit of sb.(for sb.s benefit)为了某人的利益；为帮助某人be of benefit to.对有益(1)Parental involvement is not so beneficial as expected.父母的介入并不像期望的那样有益处。(2)Sunshine and fresh air are beneficial to your recovery from illness.阳光和新鲜空气有益于你从疾病中康复。(3
27、)We should spend the money on something that will benefit everyone.我们应该把这笔钱花在对大家都有益的事上。一句多译(4)据说瑜伽对人体健康有很大益处。It is said that yoga is of great benefit to human health.It is said that yoga is very beneficial to human health.句型转换(5)Proper exercise can benefit people.People can benefit from proper exerc
28、ise.Why did Aristotle assume that the sun moved around the Earth？为什么亚里士多德认为太阳绕着地球转？?assume vt.假定，假设；承担( 责任)assume that.认为/假定assumen.(to be) n./adj.认为是It is (generally) assumed that.人们(普遍) 认为assuming (that).假定/假如assumption n.假设，假定make an assumption/assumptions about 对作出假设，假定on the assumption that 假设(
29、1)It is wrong to assume arts groups cannot make a profit.(2018江苏)认为艺术团体无法获利是错误的。(2)I have always assumed her to be an American.我一直以为她是美国人。(3)It was impossible to make assumptions about peoples reactions.臆断人们的反应是不可能的。一句多译(4)假设你是医生，你应该怎么处理这个事情？Assuming you are a doctor， what should you do with the mat
30、ter？(assume)On the assumption that you are a doctor，what should you do with the matter？(assumption)经典句式It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these ancient views as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle 384322 BC .人们愿意相信这些古老的见解，这毫不奇怪，因为那是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德 公元前384322 年 提出来
31、的。It is not surprising that.表示“不足为奇” 。it 为形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句。常用于该句型的形容词有：necessary，strange，clear ，possible，natural ，important，likely ，obvious 等。it 作形式主语的其他常见句型：Itbe过去分词that.；常见的过去分词有：said，reported ， believed，supposed，ordered，known ，suggested 等。It不及物动词(短语) that.；常见的不及物动词(短语) 有：seem，appear，happe
32、n ，turn out，occur to 等。Itbe名词短语that.；常见的名词短语有： a pity，a fact，a wonder，a surprise，no wonder 等。(1)It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out.青年人很可能会发脾气并不足为奇。(2) It is surprising that he should win the election.他竟然当选真是令人感到吃惊。(3)It is said that the famous scientist has gone to the US
33、A.据说那位著名的科学家已经去了美国。(4)Its a wonder that he ever reached Paris，because he set off with only $5 in his pocket.他曾经到过巴黎真让人惊讶，因为他出发时兜里只有 5 美元。单句改错(5)It is necessary we should work hard while we are at school.whatthat.单句语法填空1.It is believed that proper morning exercises are good for our health.2.Our duty
34、is to defend(defence) the country against its enemies.3.It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.4.My plan didnt meet with the managers approval(approve)，which made me disappointed.5.I was unwilling(will) to go with them，but it seemed that I had no choice.6.A
35、ccustomed to climbing(climb) trees，I had no difficulty reaching the top and got the first prize.7.You are making an assumption(assume)，which might not be true.8.The speaker is giving rather an inspiring speech，as I can judge from the inspired look of all the listeners.(inspire)9.Learning is not alwa
36、ys easy，but it is always beneficial(benefit) in the long term.10.His wife is my daughter，in other words ，I am his motherinlaw.完成句子11.I wont be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.因为妈妈有病，我无法去度假。12.It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.人们普遍认为，压力是由繁重的工作导致的。13.Im glad
37、 to know that you have got well.得知你已经康复，我很高兴。14.The problem which came up at the meeting is worthy of attention.会上出现的问题值得注意。15.It is not surprising that different peoples have different cultures.不同的民族有不同的文化，这不足为奇。.课文短文改错“Who questions much，shall learn much，and remember much， ” said Francis Bacon.Now
38、 it seems obviously how we acquire knowledge and understanding.Therefore，in the 17th century， people believed much in religion than in facts.As result，people tended to ignore the facts but were unwilling to challenge what they had believed.Till today，people still feel that if someone important and r
39、espect says that something is right，then it must be so.But sometimes great men so as Aristotle and Galilei might make mistakes.Therefore our understanding of the world around us is constantly growing up and changing.In other word，we learn more every day and none of us can simple say， “We know it all
40、.”“All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered； the point is to discover them， ” said Galileo Galilei.答案“Who questions much，shall learn much，and remember much， ” said Francis Bacon.Now it seems how we acquire knowledge and understanding. ，in the obviouslyobvious ThereforeHowever17th c
41、entury，people believed in religion than in facts.As result，people tended to muchmore aignore the facts were unwilling to challenge what they had believed.Till today，people still butandfeel that if someone important and says that something is right，then it must be so.But respectrespectedsometimes gre
42、at men as Aristotle and Galilei might make mistakes.Therefore our sosuchunderstanding of the world around us is constantly growing up and changing.In other ，we wordwordslearn more every day and none of us can say， “We know it all.”“All truths are easy to simplesimplyunderstand once they are discover
43、ed；the point is to discover them， ” said Galileo Galilei.基础巩固.单词拼写 1.Im not accustomed(习惯于) to getting up early to do morning exercises.2.They urge(催促) the local government that the problem be handled as soon as possible.3.Im not sure whether my parents will approve(赞同) me of joining the club.4.We a
44、re working on the assumption(假定)that the meeting will take place as planned.5.As the sun went down，we cast long shadows( 影子)on the lawn.6.His performance in the Olympics acquired(获得) him a good fame.7.He ignored(不理睬 ) all the “No smoking” signs and lit up a cigarette.8.I hope this success will inspi
45、re(鼓舞)you to make greater efforts.9.He stood up and said something in defence(辩护) of himself.10.Some food additives are regarded as beneficial(有益的) to peoples health.单句语法填空11.It is assumed(assume) that he will offer us some valuable advice.12.At times，parents find it difficult to talk with their tee
46、nage children.13.The guide said that the people in that remote village were very conventional(convention).14.Inspired(inspire) by his speech，many people took up the sport.15.Urged(urge) by his friends，the young scientist decided to have his book published.16.The old man was ignorant(ignore) of how t
47、o use the Internet，so he didnt receive the email.17.In the end，they decided to search for the old houses in that area.18.The woman rushed there in defence(defend) of the little boy in danger.19.The boy tends to stay(stay) at home when he feels a little lonely.20.Accustomed to living(live) here，the m
48、an decided to start a new life.完成句子21.The doctors suggested that the boy should be operated on at once.医生们建议立刻给这个男孩做手术。22.With so many people helping us，we finished all the work in a short time.有那么多人帮助我们，我们很快完成了所有的工作。23.It is not surprising that most people are fond of this new film.大多数人喜欢这部新电影，这并不奇
49、怪。24.You shouldnt have been so rude to him even though you didnt like him.即使你不喜欢他，你也不应该对他那么粗鲁。25.To be honest，I dont care what others think about.说实话，我并不在乎别人怎么想。能力提升.阅读理解AWhenever I ask some of my French high school pupils why they dont go outside，the answer always seems to be one of the followings：sleeping， seeing my friends or playing vi
