中考英语培优(含解析)之被动语态

上传人:姗*** 文档编号:72020 上传时间:2019-07-05 格式:DOCX 页数:14 大小:99.02KB
下载 相关 举报
中考英语培优(含解析)之被动语态_第1页
第1页 / 共14页
中考英语培优(含解析)之被动语态_第2页
第2页 / 共14页
中考英语培优(含解析)之被动语态_第3页
第3页 / 共14页
中考英语培优(含解析)之被动语态_第4页
第4页 / 共14页
中考英语培优(含解析)之被动语态_第5页
第5页 / 共14页
点击查看更多>>
资源描述

1、聚焦考点温习理解定义:语态是动词的一种形式,用来说明主语和谓语的关系。英语的动词可分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。动词的语态I. 概念:语态是动词的一种形式,用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。II. 种类:英语动词的语态有主动和被动两种:主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。III. 被动语态的构成: be +及物动词过去分词IV.被动语态的用法(1 ) 动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。Street lights are often turned on at six in winter. (2 )当动

2、作的承受者比起动作的执行 者来说更能引起人们的关心而需要加以强调时,要用被动语态。This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.V.被动语态的时态初中英语教材中出现了五种时态的被动语态及带有情态动词的被动语态。(1 )一般现在时 构成:助动词 be + 动词的过去分词English is spoken in many countries.(2) 一般过去时 构成:助动词 was/were + 动词的过去分词Was this novel written by his father?(3) 一般将来时 构成: will/be going to do +

3、be + 动词的过去分词The baby will be taken good care of in the hospital.(4) 现在完成时 构成:助动词 have/has + been + 动词的过去分词Has his work been finished?(5) 现在进行时 构成:be + being + 动词的过去分词The problem is being discussed by the students.(6)带 有情态动词的被动语态 构成:情态动词 + be + 动词的过去分词Your composition must be handed in tomorrow.VI.特别

4、说明1 双宾语的被动语态。含双宾语的句子由主动语态变被动语态时,可把指人的间接宾语用作被动语态的主语,也可把指物的直接宾语用作主语,但此时须在间接宾语前加上介词to 或 for。常用 to 的动词有 give, tell, lend, send, show, pass, hand 等;常用 for 的动词有borrow, make, buy 等。2 复合宾语的被动语态。若主动语态句子为“主语 谓语 宾语 宾补” 这种含复合宾语的结构,变被动语态时只能“宾作主”,而宾补不变。其中,make / hear (watch, see .)sb. do sth. 结构变为被动语态时为“sb. + be

5、的适当形式 + made / heard (watched, seen .) to do sth.”。3 短语动词的被动语 态。有些短语动词相当于及物动词,其后可接宾语,因此它们也有被动语态。但短语动词是个不可分割的整体,变为被动语态时不可丢掉其后的介词或副词。根据近几年对语态考查 的分析,编了这样几句口诀:时态一,语态二,宾变主,主变宾,by 短语,后面跟。谓语动词变被动,be 后添“ 过分”。VII.考查热点:中考对被动语态的考查主要集中在被动语态的构成及用法上。其构成为“助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词”,通过变化助动词be体现时态。来源:Z|xx|k.Com常用被动语态的句式有:It

6、s not known that 不得而知 Its said that 据说Its reported that 据报道 Its not decided that尚未决定Its believed that 据认为 Its announced that据宣布4、主动语态和被动语态的转化主动语态变为被动语态要遵循以下原则:主动句中的宾语变为被动结构的主语(如果是人称代词,宾格变为主格) ;把主动句中的谓语变为被动结构;主动句中的主语变为 by 介词短语(如果是人称代,主格变为宾格) ,有时介词短语可省去。(1 )含有单个宾语的主动句变为被动句在一般情况下,将主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语,动词变为被

7、动语态,主动句的主语变为 by 的宾语,但是短语可以不要。(2 )含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动句有些动词后面可以跟“宾语+补足语”结构,这种结构被称作复合宾语。含复合宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,只将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语,宾语补足语保留不动,这时它就成了主语补足语。可以 充当宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、动词不定式、V-ing 和 V-ed 等。在主动句中,动词不定式做感官动词(see, watch, hear 等)和使役动词(make ,have)的宾语补足 语,通常省去动词不定式符号 to。但改为被动结构后,要把省略了 to 再加上。注意:动词是 let 时,其被动结构中不定

8、式仍不带 to。(3 )含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句直接宾语是名词、代词时有些动词(give, tell, buy 等)在句中做谓语时可有两个宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语) ,又称双宾语。含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,可以将其中一个宾语变为主语,另一个保留不动。一般是将主动结构的间接宾语变为被动结构的主语。当直接宾语变为被动结构的主语时,间接宾语前应加介词 to(有时可以省去)或 for。来源:Zxxk.Com注意:被动句中两个间接宾语对比时,其前的介词 to 不可省略。直接宾语是从句时如果直接宾语是从句时,一般只能构成以间接宾语为主语的被动句。(4 )带宾语从句的主动句换为被动句带宾语从句的

9、主动句换为被动句时,通常用 it 作为被动结构的形式主语。带宾语从句的主动句换为被动句时,可以改为不定式结构(5 )带有情态动词或 be going to 的主动句换为被动句如果主动句带有情态动词或 be going to(be about to, be to, used to, have to )等,在变为被动句时,情态动词或 be going to 等不变,只是后面的主动词变为被动语态。将来完成时的被动语态是由“be 的将来完成时(will/shall have been)+及物动词的-ed 形式”构成。6、含有情态动词或 be going to 的被动语态含有情态动词的被动结构是由“情态

10、动词或 be going to(be about to, used to, be to, have to等)+be+ 及物动词的-ed 形式” 构成。7、短语动词的被动语态通常只有及物动词才有被动语态,但有些短语动词相当于及物动词,可以有被动语态,但短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,变为被动语态时不可去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。注意:主动结构的谓语动词为“不及物动词+名词+ 介词”构成的及物的短语动词时,通常把它看成一个整体。但也可将这类短语动词本身的名词用作主语,构成被动语态,尤其是在名词前有定语修饰时。名师点睛典例分类类型一、被动语态及其时态【例 1】Mr Brown didnt go to

11、 Helens party because he Aisnt invited Bdidnt invite Cwasnt invited【例 2】-Its said that tea _in China many years ago-Thats true. And Chinese kung fu tea is very popular among foreignersAinvented Bis invented Cwas invented Dinvents类型二、被动语态中的不定式【例 3】In old days,the poor _ for the boss for over 18 hours

12、 a day.A. was made to be worked B. were made work C. were made to work类型三、短语动词的被动语态【例 4】- I _ Tom for three days. Is he ill?- Im afraid so. The doctor said he needed _.A. havent seen; to be operated B. havent seen; to be operated onC. didnt see; operating D. havent see; operating课时作业能力提升1. Nowadays

13、many new taxi apps(打车软件)_ to help people travel around more easily.Aare used Buse Cused Dis used2. Oh, this is really a small old town.Do you know when it ?Ahas built Bwas built Cwill built Dwill be built3. Lily, will you go to Jennys birthday party this Saturday?Im not sure. Because I _ so far.Ahav

14、e invited Bwasnt invitedC havent been invited Dwill be invited4. Rosa, you _ to the party, why didnt you come then?Aare invited Bhave invited Cwere invited Dinvited5. Two more new classroom buildings _in our school next year.Awill be built Bwere built Care built Dhave been built6. Our school sports

15、meeting _ yesterday due to the bad weather.Awas cancelled Bcancelled Chas cancelled Dhas been cancelled7. The film Coco_ with an Oscar for Best Animated Feature Film in 2018.Apresents Bhas presented Cpresented Dwas presented8. The old houses in this area _ in the 1920s.Abuild Bare built Cbuilt Dwere

16、 built9. Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, the longest sea-crossing bridge, _ in 2018.Awill complete BcompletedC will be completed Dwas completed10. Some new High Speed Railways _ in our country last year.Abuild Bwere built Cbuilt Dwill be built11. Students _to choose their jobs out of interests and lo

17、ve because more jobs appear.Awill educate Bwere educated Chave been educated12. We_to close the windows before we left the classroom.Atell Btold Care told Dwere told13. -Look at the sign,it says“No smoking”.来源:-Oh,sorry.I dont know that smoking _ here.Adoesnt allow Bisnt allowed Cdont allow Dwasnt a

18、llowed来源:ZXXK聚焦考点温习理解定义:语态是动词的一种形式,用来说明主语和谓语的关系。英语的动词可分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。动词的语态I. 概念:语态是动词的一种形式,用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。II. 种类:英语动词的语态有主动和被动两种:主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。III. 被动语态的构成: be +及物动词过去分词IV.被动语态的用法(1 ) 动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。Street lights are often turned on at six in w

19、inter. (2 )当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者来说更能引起人们的关心而需要加以强调时,要用被动语态。This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.V.被动语态的时态初中英语教材中出现了五种时态的被动语态及带有情态动词的被动语态。(1 )一般现在时 构成:助动词 be + 动词的过去分词English is spoken in many countries.(2) 一般过去时 构成:助动词 was/were + 动词的过去分词Was this novel written by his father?(3) 一般将来时 构成:will/be goi

20、ng to do + be + 动词的过去分词 The baby will be taken good care of in the hospital.(4) 现在完成时 构成:助动词 have/has + been + 动词的过去分词Has his work been finished?(5) 现在进行时 构成:be + being + 动词的过去分词The problem is being discussed by the students.(6)带有情态动词的被动语态 构成:情态动词 + be + 动词的过去分词Your composition must be handed in tom

21、orrow.VI.特别说明1 双宾语的被动语态。含双宾语的句子由主动语态变被动语态时,可把指人的间接宾语用作被动语态的主语,也可把指物的直接宾语用作主语,但此时须在间接宾语前加上介词to 或 for。常用 to 的动词有 give, tell, lend, send, show, pass, hand 等;常用 for 的动词有borrow, make, buy 等。2 复合宾语的被动语态。若主动语态句子为“主语 谓语 宾语 宾补” 这种含复合宾语的结构,变被动语态时只能“宾作主”,而宾补不变。其中,make / hear (watch, see .)sb. do sth. 结构变为被动语态时

22、为 “sb. + be 的适当形式 + made / heard (watched, seen .) to do sth.”。3 短语动词的被动语 态。有些短语动词相当于及物动词,其后可接宾语,因此它们也有被动语态。但短语动词是个不可分割的整体,变为被动语态时不可丢掉其后 的介词或副词。根据近几年对语态考查的分析,编了这样几句口诀:时态一,语态二,宾变主,主变宾,by 短语,后面跟。谓语动词变被动,be 后添“ 过分”。VII.考查热点:中考对被动语态的考查主要集中在被动语态的构成及用法上。其构成为“助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词”,通过变化助动词be体现时态。常用被动语态的句式有:Its

23、 not known that 不得而知 Its said that 据说Its reported that 据报道 Its not decided that尚未决定Its believed that 据认为 Its announced that据宣布4、主动语态和被动语态的转化主动语态变为被动语态要遵循以下原则:主动句中的宾语变为被动结构的主语(如果是人称代词,宾格变为主格) ;把主 动句中的谓语变为被动结构;主动句中的主语变为 by 介词短语(如果是人称代,主格变为宾格) ,有时介词短语可省去。(1 )含有单个宾语的主动句变为被动句在一般情况下,将主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语,动词变为被

24、动语态,主动句的主语变为 by 的宾语,但是短语可以不要。(2 )含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动句有些动词后面可以跟“宾语+补足语”结构,这种结构被称作复合宾语。含复合宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,只将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语,宾语补足语保留不动,这时它就成了主语补足语。可以充当宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、动词不定式、V-ing 和 V-ed 等。在主动句中,动词不定式做感官动词(see, watch, hear 等)和使役动词(make ,have)的宾语补足语,通常省去动词不定式符号 to。但改为被动结构后,要把省略了 to 再加上。注意:动词是 let 时,其被动结构中不定式仍

25、不带 to。(3 )含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句直接宾语是名词、代词时有些动词(give, tell, buy 等)在句中做谓语时可有两个宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语) ,又称双宾语。含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,可以将其中一个宾语变为主语,另一个保留不动。一般是将主动结构的间接宾语变为被动结构的主语。当直接宾语变为被动结构的主语时,间接宾语前应加介词 to(有时可以省去)或 for。注意:被动句 中两个间接宾语对比时,其前的介词 to 不可省略。直接宾语是从句时如果直接宾语是从句时,一般只能构 成以间接宾语为主语的被动句。(4 )带宾语从句的主动句换为被动句带宾语从句的主动句换为被动句时,通

26、常用 it 作为被动结构的形式主语。带宾语从句的主动句换为被动句时,可以改为不定式结构(5 )带有情态动词或 be going to 的主动句换为被动句如果主动句带有情态动词或 be going to(be about to, be to, used to, have to )等,在变为被动句时,情态动词或 be going to 等不变,只是后面的主动词变为被动语态。来源:将来完成时的被动语态是由“be 的将来完成时(will/shall have been)+及物动词的-ed 形式”构成。6、含有情态动词或 be going to 的被动语态含有情态动词的被动结构是由“情态动词或 be g

27、oing to(be about to, used to, be to, have to等)+be+ 及物动词的-ed 形式” 构成。7、短语动词的被动语态通常只有及物动词才有被动语态,但有些短语动词相当于及物动词,可以有被动语态,但短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,变为被动语态时不可去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。注意:主动结构的谓语动词为“不及物动词+名词+ 介词”构成的及物的短语动词时,通常把它看成一个整体。但也可将这类短语动词本身的名词用作主语,构成 被动语态,尤其是在名词前有定语修饰时。名师点睛典例分类类型一、被动语态及其时态【例 1】Mr Brown didnt go to Helens

28、 party because he Aisnt invited Bdidnt invite Cwasnt invited【答案】C【解析】【例 2】-Its said that tea _in China many years ago-Thats true. And Chinese kung fu tea is very popular among foreignersAinvented Bis invented Cwas invented Dinvents【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意: 据说茶是多年前在中国发明的。是真的。中国功夫茶在外国人中很受欢迎。考查被动语态辨析。tea (茶 )是动

29、词 invent(发明)的受动者,需用被动语态,可排除AD 两项。many years ago 很多年前,用于一般过去时;根据句意结构,可知选 C。【点睛】此类题型主要是确定句子主语与谓语动词的关系。如果是主动关系则用主动语态,反之如果是动宾关系,则用被动语态。解题中并要注意 be 动词与主语的单复数一致问题。同时要注意被动语态的时态。类型二、被动语态中的不定式【例 3】In old days,the poor _ for the boss for over 18 hours a day.A. was made to be worked B. were made work C. were ma

30、de to work【答案】C【解析】试题分析:句意:在旧社会,穷人被迫为老板工作,一天超过 18 小时。The+ 形容词做主语,谓语动词用复数,make sb do 主动形式变被动形式,是 sb was made to do,故选 C。考点:考查被动语态。【点睛】此类题型除了要注意主语与谓语动词的关系和主谓一致以外,还要注意一些接不带 to 的不定式做宾语补足语的动词用作被动语态时,不定式符号 to 要加上。常考的主要是 sb be made to do .类型三、短语动词的被动语态【例 4】- I _ Tom for three days. Is he ill?- Im afraid so

31、. The doctor said he needed _.A. havent seen; to be operated B. havent seen; to be operated onC. didnt see; operating D. havent see; operating【答案】B【点睛】解答此类题型需要注意的是, 在英语中一些由动词介词构成的短语动词变为被动语态时,后面的介词不能丢掉。课时作业能力提升1. Nowadays many new taxi apps(打车软件)_ to help people travel around more easily.Aare used Bu

32、se Cused Dis used【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意:现在很多新的打车软件被用来帮助人们更方便地旅行。are used 被用来;use 使用;used 过去式;is used 被用来。根据句意可知,主语 many new taxi apps 与动词构成被动关系,应使用被动语态,且主语是复数的,故应选 A。来源:Zxxk.Com2. Oh, this is really a small old town.Do you know when it ?Ahas built Bwas built Cwill built Dwill be built【答案】B【解析】【点睛】被动语态的构成是:

33、be + 过去分词 + (by+动作执行者) 。一般地讲,被动语态可用于英语的各种时态。为了能准确地运用被动语态,重点是要掌握 be 动词的各种时态变化。各种时态的被动语态举例如下:1、 一般现在时的被动语态: am / is / are + 动词的过去分词来源:ZXXK2、一般过去式的被动语态:was / were + 动词的过去分词3、现在进行时的被动语态:am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词4、过去进行时的被动语态:was / were + being + 动词的过去分词5、一般将来时的被动语态:(A) will / shall + be + 动词的过去分词 (

34、B) am / is / are + going to be +动词的过去分词.6、过去将来时的被动语态:(1).would / should + be + 动词的过去分词 (2).was / were +going to be + 动词的过去分词7、现在完成时的被动语态:have / has + been + 动词的过去分词8、过去完成时的被动语态:had + been + 动词的过去分词9、含情态动词的被动式:can / may / must + be + done3. Lily, will you go to Jennys birthday party this Saturday?Im

35、not sure. Because I _ so far.Ahave invited Bwasnt invitedC havent been invited Dwill be invited【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意: 莉莉,这个星期六你会去参加珍妮的生日聚会吗? 我不确定。因为到目前为止我还没有接到邀请。so far 的意思是“ 到目前为止”,常与现在完成时连用。其构成是“have/has+动词的过去分词”,由此可以排除 B/D;B 项为一般过去时,D 项为一般将来时。因为 I 与 invite 之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系,表示被动,所以应使用现在完成时的被动语态,其构成是“have/h

36、as been +过去分词”,由此可知答案为 C 项,A 项是主动语态。故选C。4. Rosa, you _ to the party, why didnt you come then?Aare invited Bhave invited Cwere invited Dinvited【答案】C5. Two more new classroom buildings _in our school next year.Awill be built Bwere built Care built Dhave been built【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意:明年我们学校将会再修建两座新的教学楼。wil

37、l be built 将会被修建,一般将来时的被动语态;were built 一般过去时的被动语态; are built 一般现在时的被动语态;have been built 现在完成时的被动语态。根据句意和句中的时间状语 next year 可知,这里应用一般将来时,故应选 A。6. Our school sports meeting _ yesterday due to the bad weather.Awas cancelled Bcancelled Chas cancelled Dhas been cancelled【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意:因为天气不好,我们学校运动会昨天被取消

38、了。A. was cancelled 被取消了,一般过去时态的被动语态;B. cancelled 取消,一般过去时态;C. has cancelled 已经取消了,现在完成时;D. has been cancelled 已经被取消了,现在完成时的被动语态。 Yesterday 可知是一般过去时态的被动语态,其结构是 was/were done 的形式。根据题意,故选 A7. The film Coco_ with an Oscar for Best Animated Feature Film in 2018.Apresents Bhas presented Cpresented Dwas pr

39、esented【答案】D【解析】8. The old houses in this area _ in the 1920s.Abuild Bare built Cbuilt Dwere built【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意:这个地区的老房子是在 20 世纪 20 年代被建造的。根据题干中“in the 1920s”确定是一般过去时,根据主语“The old houses”可知,旧的房子是“ 被建造”,确定是被动语态。选项 A 为一般现在时主动;选项 B 为一般现在时被动;选项 C 为一般过去时主动;选项 D 为一般过去时被动。根据题意,故选 D。9. Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Ma

40、cao Bridge, the longest sea-crossing bridge, _ in 2018.Awill complete BcompletedC will be completed Dwas completed【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意:香港-珠海- 澳门大桥是最长的跨海大桥,于 2018 年竣工 .本题考查一般过去时被动语态。根据题干中“in 2018”确定是一般过去时,根据主语“Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge”可知,港珠澳大桥是“被完成” ,确定是被动语态。选项 A 为一般将来时主动;选项 B 动词过去式,不是被动语态;选项 C 为一般将来

41、时被动;选项 D 为一般过去时被动。故正确答案为选项 D。10. Some new High Speed Railways _ in our country last year.Abuild Bwere built Cbuilt Dwill be built【答案】B【解析】11. Students _to choose their jobs out of interests and love because more jobs appear.Awill educate Bwere educated Chave been educated【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意:学生们被教育要出于兴趣和

42、爱好来选择工作,因为更多的工作出现了。will educate将会教 育,一般将来时;were educated 一般过去时被动语态;have been educated 现在完成时被动语态。根据句意和句中 because more jobs appear 可知,这里表示过去做的事情对现在的影响,应用现在完成时,主语 Students 与谓语动词构成被动关系,应用被动语态,故选 C。12. We_to close the windows before we left the classroom.Atell Btold Care told Dwere told【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意:在我们离开教室之前,我们被告诉关上窗户。根据主语 we 和 tell 之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态,排除 A/B;根据 before we left the classroom.可知是过去时态;故选 D13. -Look at the sign,it says“No smoking”.-Oh,sorry.I dont know that smoking _ here.Adoesnt allow Bisnt allowed Cdont allow Dwasnt allowed【答案】B【解析】

展开阅读全文
相关资源
相关搜索
资源标签

当前位置:首页 > 初中 > 初中英语 > 英语中考 > 一轮复习