1、P4 Grammar,Module 6 Animals in Danger,Objectives,1. To review the use of attributive clauses 2. To learn to use the relative pronouns and adverbs correctly,It is soft, light, and warm the ideal coat for an animal which has to survive at high altitudes. 2. The poachers leave only the babies, whose wo
2、ol is not worth much. 3. The wool is taken to India, where it is made into the shawls. 4. Sometimes there were gunfights, like the one in which Jiesang Suonandajie was killed.,5. Officials who work in the reserve are helped by volunteers who come from allover the country. 6. But it was also a time w
3、hen there weremany great philosophers. 7. Mencius was a thinker whose teachingswere very similar to those of Confucius. 8. Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other. 9. Today rockets are very advanced machines which we can use to sendastronauts into space.,1. It is sof
4、t, light, and warm the ideal coat for an animal _ has to survive at high altitudes. 2. The poachers leave only the babies, _ wool is not worth much. 3. The wool is taken to India, _ it is made into the shawls. 4. Sometimes there were gunfights, like the one _ Jiesang Suonandajie was killed.,which,wh
5、ose,where,in which,go,Ready?,5. Officals _ work in the reserve are helped by volunteers _ come from all over the country. 6. But it was also a time _ there weremany great philosophers. 7. Mencius was a thinker _ teachings were very similar to thoseof Confucius. 8. Ancient China was a place _states w
6、ere often at war with each other. 9. Today rockets are very advanced machines _ we can use to sendastronauts into space.,who,whose,when,where,which,who,定语从句,Attributive Clauses,在复合句中，如作定语的是一个从句，该从句被称为定语从句。,The boy who is wearing a black coat bought an iPod yesterday.,Water, which is a liquid, has ma
7、ny uses.,主语,定语从句,定语从句,主语,修饰the boy,修饰water,被修饰的词：先行词 引导定语从句的词：关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两类，指代被修饰的词（先行词），并且在从句中充当成分。,先行词,关系词,先行词,关系词,a. The man who I talked with is our teacher. b. A person who steals things is called athief.a. The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li. b. The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li
8、.,1. who指人，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省),2. whom指人，作宾语 (作宾语可省略， 如介词提前则不能省),关系代词,a. These are the trees which were planted last year. b. This recorder (which) he is using is made in Japan. c. Is this the library (which) you borrow books from? d. Is this the library from which you borrow books?,3. which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作
9、宾语可省略，如介词提前则不能省), Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat. The goat is eating her flowers., Can you lend me the book? You talked about it last night.,Can you lend me the book (which) you talked about last night? Can you lend me the book about which you talked last night?,Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat
10、which is eating her flowers.,A plane is a machine. It can fly.A plane is a machine that can fly. He is the man. I told you about him.He is the man (that) I told you about.,注意：介词提前时只能用which 而不能用that 。,Is this the library from which you borrow books? from that,4. that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)。,that和which在
11、指物的情况下一般都 可以互换， 但在下列情况下， 一般用 that而不用which。I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.,that & which,(1)先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不 定代词时。,This is the very book that belongs to him.,(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。,Ive read all the books
12、that are not mine.,(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。,This is the first book (that) he has read.,(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。,a. He told me the date when (on which) he joined the Party. b. 1949 was the year when (in which) theP.R.C. was founded.,1. when指时间，在定语从句中充当时间状语。,关系副词引导定语从句时，既引导定语从句，又在定语
13、从句中充当状语。关系副词可转化为介词+关系代词(which)结构。,关系副词,1. 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系Is that the newspaper _ which you often write articles? 2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配Can you explain to me how to use these idioms _ which Im not sure? 3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯Is this the house _ which Shakespeare was born?,for,about,in,关系代词前介词(介词which)的确定,a.
14、This is the place where (in which) we lived ten years ago. b. The hotel is the one where (at which) I stayed last month.,2. where指地点，在定语从句中充当 地点状语。,3. why指原因，在定语从句中充当原因 状语。,I know the reason why (for which) she was so angry.,1. The person _you should write to is Mr. Ball. 2. The person to _ you shou
15、ld write is Mr. Ball. 3. The games _ he competed in were swimming and shooting. 4. The games in _ he competed were swimming and shooting. 5. Please tell me the reason _ you missed the plane.,who/that/whom,whom,which/that,which,用适当的关系词填空。,why,6. The poor boy _ lost both his parents last year lives wi
16、th his grandfather. 7. This is the factory _ he worked ten years ago. 8. This is the factory _ makes toys. 9. He is the boy _ family was poor. 10. The pen _ he is writing now was bought yesterday.,who/that,where/in which,whose,which/that,with which,1. 在踢足球的男孩们是一班的。The boys _ are from Class One. 2. 他
17、有一个朋友的父亲是医生。He has a friend _. 3. 我仍然记得第一次见到詹妮弗的那一天。I still remember the day _ _.,whose father is a doctor,汉译英,who are playing football,met Jennifer,when I first,4. 她是那个和我一起去那儿的女孩。 She is the girl _. 5. 这就是那个去年我待的地方。 This is the city _ I stayed last year. = This is the city where I stayed last year.
18、 6. 我永远不会忘记我和你待在一起的日子。 Ill never forget these days _ I stayed with you. = Ill never forget these days when I stayed with you.,with whom I went there,in which,in/during,which,限制性定语从句:所谓限制性定语从句就是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语, 如果去掉, 主句就失去意义或意义不完整。这种从句和先行词的关系十分密切, 写时不用逗号和主句分开。The man who told me this refused to tell m
19、e his name.告诉我这事的人不肯告诉我他的名字。,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句和主句的关系并不十分密切, 只是对先行词做些附加说明, 如果去掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。在讲话时须停顿，一般不用that引导。My sister, who is a nurse, came home for a few days.我姐姐是护士，她回家待了几天。(这种句子译成汉语时常译成两个并列句),限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别,Dorothy was always speaking hi
20、ghly of her role in the play, _, of course, made the others unhappy. A. which B. who C. his D. what 2. The old man has two sons, _ is a soldier.A. one of whom B. both of themC. all of whom D. none of them,Exercise,3. New York is famous for its sky-scrapers (摩天大楼), _ has more than 100 stores. A. the
21、higher of them B. the highest of whichC. the highest of themD. some of which 4. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., _ many people have gone home.A. whose time B. that C. at which D. by which time,5. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A
22、. what B. which C. that D. it 6. I shall never forget the years _ I lived in the country with the farmers, _ has a good effect on my life.A. that, which B. when, whichC. which, that D. when, who,用“介词+关系代词”填空。 1. Ill never forget the mountain village_ _I spent my childhood. 2. The young man _ I spoke
23、 just now is my English teacher. 3. They lived in a house, the door_ was open to the south. 4. This is the reason _ I am in favor of this reform. 5. He has a circle of friends _he has a lot in common. 6. Whats the year _China first launched her man-made satellite?,in,which,to whom,of which,for which
24、,with whom,in which,Review,复习： 限制性定语从句 Restrictive Attributive Clauses 非限制性定语从句 Non-restrictive Attributive Clauses,1. The school shop, _ customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. A. which B. whose C. when D. where 2. I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _ we enjoyed a
25、 splendid view of the lake. A. which B. where C. who D. that,实战高考,3. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other.A. which B. where C. what D. who 4. The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other. A.
26、they B. where C. what D. that,5. That evening, _ I will tell youmore about later, I ended up working very late. A. that B. which C. what D. When 6. When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when,7. The air quality in the
27、city, _ is shown in the report, has improved overthe past two months. A. that B. it C. as D. what 8. It is the third time that she has won therace, _ has surprised us all.A. that B. where C. which D. what,9. Many countries are now setting upnational parks _animals and plantscan be protected. A. when
28、 B. which C. whose D. where 10. The book tells stories of the earthquakethrough the eyes of those _ lives were affected. A. whose B. that C. who D. which,11. Happiness and success often come tothose _ are good at recognizing theirown strengths. A. whom B. who C. what D. which 12. The president of th
29、e World Bank sayshe has a passion for China _, heremembers starting as early as his childhood. A. where B. which C. what D. when,13. There is no simple answer, _is oftenthe case in science. A. as B. that C. when D. where 14. The children, _had played the whole day long, were worn out. A. all of what
30、 B. all of which C. all of them D. all of whom,15. The exact year _ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. A. When B. where C. why D. which 16. I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, _ my classmates recommended to me. A. who B. which C. when D. Where,17. Stu
31、dents should involve themselves in community activities _ they can gain experience for growth. A. who B. when C. which D. where 18. I am looking forward to the day _ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. A. as B. why C. when D. where,19. The book has helped me greatly in my da
32、ily communication, especially at work _ a good impression is a must. A. which B. when C. as D. where 20. Among the many dangers _ - sailors have to face , probably the greatest of all is fog. A. which B. what C. where D. when,21. _ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. A. Why
33、 B. When C. That D. What22. I now, we have raised 50.000 pounds for the poor children. _ is quite unexpected. A. that B. which C. who D. it,23. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, _ uses it differently. A. all of which B. each of which C. all of them D. each of them 24. I dont
34、become a serious climber until the fifth grade, _ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree. A. when B. where C. which D. why,阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的关系词。 I always carry at least $3 in my car and also in my pocket. I save it for the first person _ asks me whether/if I can “spare so
35、me change”. Smiling and maintaining eye contact, I always respond very cheerfully with a comment like, “Yes, I would love to”. Then I replace it with my next $3 for the next person. I never spend the money for myself because I know it belongs to others.,who,I honor the idea_ it is the possession of
36、the next person who asks for it. I also carry some items _I think the needy may use. Recently, I put together some care packages for the homeless people. It occurred to me _ things like band-aids, combs, as well as food would be of use. Those _ received them were delighted. However, I think its not just that I give them things _ matters. I am glad to give a hug and a smile with the money. After all, it is they _ bless me with the opportunity to be kind!,that,that,that,who,that,who,Homework,Do the exercises of Grammar on Page 54&55.,
