1、专题 8语法填空常考题型题型考查年份关联知识点无提示词2021浙江卷2020全国卷/II冠词，连词，介词，代词有提示词2021全国甲卷2021浙江卷2020新高考全国卷动词，代词，名词2021全国乙卷2021全国甲卷形容词，副词常用词性转换2021全国乙卷2021全国新高考卷前缀后缀，动词、名词、形容词等之间相互转化方法点拨考向一 无提示词解法【填介词】【技巧点拨】句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，很有可能是填介词。1. 【2021全国乙卷语法填空】Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and
2、 adventure travel, various types _ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:【答案】of【解析】考查介词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。various types of为固定搭配表示“各种各样的”，所以空格处应填of。故填of。2. 【2021浙江卷语法填空】The study found that between 198
3、5 and 2017, average rural BMI increased _ 2.1 in women and men.【答案】by【解析】by考查介词。这里是说在1985年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均BMI值“增加了”2.1，故此处填介词by。3. 【2020全国卷语法填空】The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so _ the familiar near side. 【答案】than【解析
4、】考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知，此处填介词than，表示“比更”。故填than。4. 【2020全国卷语法填空】Bamboo plants are associated _ health, abundance and a happy home. 【答案】with【解析】考查短语。句意：竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with与相联系。故填with。5. 【2020新高考全国卷语法填空】Museums must compete_ peoples spare time and money with o
5、ther amusements. 【答案】for【解析】句意为：博物馆必须与其他娱乐活动争夺人们的业余时间和金钱。compete for with是固定搭配，意为“与争夺”。【填冠词】在没有限定词的名词前，特别是单数可数名词前，通常填冠词。根据语境及定冠词和不定冠词的基本用法选用恰当的冠词。（注限定词主要指冠词，形容词性物主代词以及some any another 等不定代词），此外也有可能要求填写some other any another等不定代词。1. 【2021全国乙卷语法填空】Due to _ growing popularity of environmentally-related
6、 and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填冠词。再结合空格后“growing popularity of environmental-related and adventure travel
7、”可知，此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，所以应填定冠词the。故填the。2. 【2020全国卷语法填空】The plum trees are _ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意：雪还在融化时，梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指，所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。故填the。3. 【2020浙江卷7月语法填空】Then, with _ rise of scien
8、ce, changes began.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。rise是单数可数名词，这里特指科技的崛起，所以需要用定冠词the，因此此处填the。4. 【2020浙江卷7月语法填空】A child born in the US today has _ very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.【答案】a【解析】have a(n)chance of意为“有的可能性”。5. 【2019全国卷语法填空】When we got a call saying she was short-list
9、ed, we thought it was _ joke.【答案】a【解析】joke是单数可数名词，故其前应用不定冠词a，在此表示泛指。【填连词】【技巧点拨】如果两个句子（即两个主谓结构）之间没有封号和句号，也没有关联词链接或引导，则填并列连词或从属连词。1. 【2021全国甲卷语法填空】My bike was old and shaky _ did the job. 【答案】but【解析】考查连词。句意：我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃，但还可以骑。后文did the job和前文My bike was old and shaky之间存在转折关系，故用表示转折的连词but连接。故填but。2. 【2
10、021浙江卷语法填空】In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier _ that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.【答案】and【解析】考查并列连词。此空前后连接两个that引导的宾语从句，且根据句意可知，前后两个从句是并列关系，故填并列连词and。3. 【2021浙江卷语法填空
11、】BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool _ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定语从句/关系代词。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处缺少引导定语从句并在定语从句中作主语的关系代词，而先行词tool为物，故此处填关系代词that或which。4. 【2020浙江卷7月语法填空】Its also that they are on average healthier _ more productive for lo
12、nger. 【答案】and【解析】healthier和more productive是并列关系，故用and。5. 【2019全国卷语法填空】I work not because I have to, _ because I want to.【答案】but【解析】与前面的not一起构成notbut句型，该句型意为“不是而是”。考向二 有提示词解法【提示词为动词】提示词为动词主要考察谓语动词、非谓语动词和派生词1. 【2021全国甲卷语法填空】We _ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old
13、 and shaky but did the job. 【答案】hired【解析】考查时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。2. 【2021全国甲卷语法填空】It _ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).【答案】was built【解析】考查被动语态。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了
14、。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be done），根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。3. 【2019全国卷语法填空】Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans _ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.【答案】to retire【解析】名词plan后接不定式作后置定语。4. 【
15、2021全国甲卷语法填空】After _ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!【答案】spending【解析】考查动名词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填s
16、pending。5. 【2020全国卷语法填空】They make great gift and you see them many times _ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.【答案】decorated【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。【提示词为名词】提示词为名词主要考察名词的数；名词作定语；名词所有格；1. 【20
17、21全国甲卷语法填空】Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and _ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.【答案】watchtowers【解析】考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知，此处可数名词
18、watchtower是复数概念，应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。2. 【2020全国卷语法填空】The far side of the moon is of particular _ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so than the familiar near side.【答案】interest【解析】考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interes
19、t to sb.意为“（某物）使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。3. 【2021浙江卷6月语法填空】In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their _ (marry) ceremony in 1842.【答案】marriage【解析】考察名词。根据句意可知，此处要用名词marriage作ceremony的定语，表示“结婚仪式，结婚典礼”。故填marriage。4. 【2021浙江卷语法填空】It is calculated by dividing a _ (p
20、erson) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.【答案】persons【解析】考查名词所有格。此空后接名词，且根据句意“它的计算方法是用一个人的体重公斤数除以身高米数的平方”，故此处填person的所有格形式。5. 【2020浙江卷7月语法填空】Later, they learned to work with the _ (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas
21、, making use of annual floods to irrigate（灌溉）their fields.【答案】seasons【解析】考查名词单复数。根据后文可知人们在合适的时间种植农产品，即人们开始适应四季变化，因此要用seasons。【提示词为代词】【技巧点拨】(1) 作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格，注意形容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别。(2) 指示代词，不定代词、反身代词等1. 【2021全国新高考卷语法填空】As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will alway
22、s stick in the visitors memory. It sure does in _ (I).【答案】mine【解析】考查代词。句意：正如歌中所唱，这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”，它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitors memory”可知，本句为does指代前一句的stick，本句缺乏宾语，应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory。故填mine。2. 【2020新高考全国卷语法填空】As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can pla
23、y with computer simulations（模拟）and imagine _ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.【答案】themselves【解析】句意为：想象他们自己生活在一个不同的历史时期。此处为“imagine sb doing sth”结构，living是动名词短语作imagine的宾语，反身代词themselves是living的逻辑主语。3. 【2018全国卷语法填空】When the gorillas and I frightened each ot
24、her, I was just glad to find_ (they) alive.【答案】them【解析】代词（人称代词）人称代词作宾语时，要用其宾格。them在此作find的宾语。4. 【辽宁省沈阳市2021届高三教学质量监测】The flowing water joins here to form it. On average, the evaporation (蒸发) there is more than 60 times _of the annual rainfall.【答案】that【解析】考查代词。句意同上。根据句意可知，上文“the evaporation (蒸发) ther
25、e”指该地的蒸发量（水），空白处在句中指月牙泉所在地的降水量（水），表示同一含义，但内容为不同物，为了避免重复，所以用代词that，表特指，指代同类异物。故填that。5. 【湖北省武汉市武昌区2021届高三质检】She has composed several songs, including _ called the “Little dog in Dream”, where she imagined her life with the company of a guide.【答案】one【解析】考查代词。句意：熊小姐把钢琴当作她最好的朋友。她创作了几首歌曲，其中一首名为梦中的小狗，她在歌中
26、想象了自己在向导陪伴下的生活。根据“Little dog in Dream”可知，此处是指一首乐曲，所以应用one代指。故填one。【提示词为形容词和副词】【技巧点拨】（1）形容词或副词的as.as结构（2）形容词或副词的比较级than（3）“the比较级，the比较级”结构表示“越越”（4）当三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用最高级1. 【2021全国甲卷语法填空】Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to fake pictures or
27、just to watch the local people going about their _ (day) routines.【答案】daily【解析】考查形容词。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines应用day的形容词daily，作定语，修饰名词。故填daily。2. 【2021全国乙卷语法填空】Provide _ (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.【答案】financial【解析】考查形容词。句意：为当地人民提供财政援助
28、和其他福利。根据空后名词aid可知，空格处应填形容词来修饰名词aid，finance的形容词形式为financial。故填financial。考向三 常见的词性转换解题技巧当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时，就需要词类转换。这类题一般可根据以下5点顺利解决：（1）作主语或宾语用_名词_形式。（2）在形容词性物主代词、冠词(+形容词)、不定代词(some, any, a lot of等)、介词后还没有名词时，就用_名词_形式。（3）作定语、表语或补足语用_形容词_形式。（4）作状语，修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，或放在句首修饰全句，用_副词_。（5）当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时
29、，无需改变词性，而可能是只改变词义但不改变词性的前缀或后缀，也可能用其比较级或最高级。1. 【2021全国乙卷语法填空】It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the _
30、(develop)of the local areas. 【答案】development【解析】考查名词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处填入名词development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。2. 【2020全国卷语法填空】Filled with _ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.【答案】curiosity【解析】句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介
31、词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。3. 【2021全国新高考卷语法填空】It will _ (undoubted) help you get refreshed!【答案】undoubtedly【解析】考查副词。句意：它无疑会帮助你恢复精神！修饰动词help，应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。4. 【2021全国甲卷语法填空】After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was
32、time for some action and what _ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!【答案】better【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文比较连（介）词than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级。故填better。5. 【2020新高考全国卷语法填空】In the 18th and 19th centuries, _ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, his
33、torical objects and works of art.【答案】wealthy【解析】此处应用形容词wealthy（富有的）作定语修饰名词people。试题汇编单句语法填空1. 【辽宁省朝阳市建平县2021届高三9月联考】It went on to say that almost half of all museums reported _ annual increase in visitor numbers.2. 【湖南省永州市2021届高三二模】It is also important to note that the greatest amazement (amaze) of
34、the journey is Change 5s lunar landing site-referred to as the Ocean of Storms-on the near side of the moon, where no probes (探测器) have paid _ visit before.3. 【河北省张家口市2021届高三一模】It was _ $12,000 tip.4. 【湖北省八市2021届高三联考】While it is deeply rooted in Chinese culture, Shanghai has also moved _ the times a
35、nd become a modern metropolis From doing sports and running on Bund to traditional Chinese art or modern Western art museums, every activity is feasible in Shanghai.5. 【河北省张家口市2021届高三一模】Newey delivers pizzas about 30 hours a week. He started the job after realizing he couldnt live just only _social
36、security.6. 【福建省福州市2021届高三一模】To this day, the phrase “the spirit of ox” still refers _ conquering anything that may present itself as an obstacle.7. 【湖南省永州市2021届高三二模】Its geologically younger than the sampling _ (area) of the US and the former Soviet missions, so the new sample will help fill in an i
37、mportant piece of the puzzle of the Moons history.8. 【湖北省八市2021届高三联考】Shanghai culture is amazing, and the city is filled with smart people, dynamic interactions, a _ (willing) to move and an appetite for being modern while embracing diversity and creating a business friendly environment.9. 【河北省张家口市2
38、021届高三一模】Derlin Newey was in disbelief. “I dont know what to say, except thank you,” said Newey as he held back _ (tear) of joy.10. 【福建省福州市2021届高三一模】When _ comes to someone who gains a great achievement through hard work, people often use “niu”, meaning “awesome”, to describe him or her.11. 【辽宁省葫芦岛市
39、2021届高三模拟】Tests have been carried out at several airports since last year, including John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York. The company hopes to put _ in airports around the world.12. 【广东省六校2021届高三联考】In a time when many people around the globe are in lockdown and _ (able) to attend the g
40、ym, emphasis has been placed on home exercising.13. 【福建省福州一中2021届高三模拟】According to a study published in the UK recently, those who like jogging and do this kind of exercise _ (regular) for at least one hour a week have very high chances to live a longer life.14. 【山东省菏泽市2021届高三模拟】Some say world-renow
41、ned monuments like Notre Dame are the driving force behind tourism and should get _ (much) respect.15. 【辽宁省沈阳市2021届高三教学质量监测】The spring, which looks like a crescent moon (新月), _ (exist) for thousands of years, and has never dried up.16. 【湖南师范大学附中2021届高三模拟】But it didnt take long for Wu Lei to fit in a
42、fter he _ (move) from Shanghai SIPG to Spanish club Espanyol at the end of January.17. 【河北省张家口市2021届高三一模】With more than 53,000 followers, they often got comments asking why Newey was delivering pizzas at his age. The family _ (decide) to do some good.18. 【广东实验中学2021届高三模拟】It is also a good time for p
43、eople to enjoy fun outdoors, especially for people living in the city. _ (drive) to the suburbs, fishing in a lake or enjoying the singing bird will make for a perfect weekend in spring.19. 【江苏省常州高级中学2021届高三调研】_ (inspire) by Chinese writing brushes, he uses bamboo branches as his brushes, which repr
44、esents his latest attempt to create unpredictability in splatter effects.20. 【湖北省武汉市武昌区2021届高三质检】She has composed several songs, including one called the “Little dog in Dream”, where she imagined her life with the company of a guide. Bringing so much pleasure into her life, the piano empowers her wi
45、th perseverance _ accompanies her throughout her ups and downs in its own way.21. 【江苏省南通市通州区2021届高三质量监测】Whether you simply go for a long walk in the park, ride your bicycle through the countryside _ go to the gym, getting your body moving will not only make you feel more energetic, but will also imp
46、rove your overall health.22. 【广东省惠州市2019-2020学年高三上学期第三次调研】We might also try to use various cooking methods, either by adding some fat, sweetness, strong flavors like garlic _ roasting them, to improve the taste of the vegetables.语篇练习23. 【2021届湖北华中师大附中高三上学期六校联考】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In any
47、major Indian city, people are seen with an arm outstretched, mobile phone in hand, _1_ (smile) widely and clicking away. Even Prime Minister Narendra Modi is said _2_ (love) the selfie (自拍), posting pictures online that he has taken with _3_ (variety) world leaders.But the pursuit of selfie can sometimes have deadly consequences. India is home to _4_ highes
