1、专题 4非谓语动词常考题型题型考查年份关联知识点非谓语动词作状语2021全国乙卷2020全国卷2018全国卷2020全国卷不定式作状语表示结果、目的等；分词作状语；部分过去分词不表完成，而表示一种状态非谓语动词作定语2019全国卷2021浙江卷2020浙江卷现在分词作定语；过去分词作定语；不定式作定语非谓语动词作宾语2021全国甲卷2019全国卷2019全国卷2018全国卷只接不定式作宾语的动词；只接v.-ing形式作宾语的动词；接不定式与接v.-ing形式有显著区别的动词；非谓语动词作宾补2020全国卷现在分词作宾补；过去分词作宾补；不定式作宾补；with宾语宾补；非谓语动词作主语和表语20
2、21全国甲卷2019全国卷非谓语动词作主语；非谓语动词作表语；方法点拨考向一 非谓语动词作状语【典例】【2021全国乙卷语法填空】Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim _ (have) a low impact on the natural envi
3、ronment.【答案】to have【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim to do译为“旨在，目的是”。故填to have。【提分秘籍】1. 不定式作状语表示结果、目的(可与so as to/in order to替换，但是so as to不可置于句首)或原因(表示原因只用在表示喜、怒、哀、乐等表语形容词后)。2. 分词作状语：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上
4、的被动关系。现在分词作结果状语时表示自然而然的结果；不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，其前常加only。3. 部分过去分词源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动，也不表完成，而表示一种状态。常见的有：lost(迷路的)，seated(坐着的)，hidden(躲着的)，lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)，tired of(厌烦的)，faced with(面对着)。1. 【2020全国卷语法填空】Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change-4 _ (find) and
5、study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.【答案】to find【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。2. 【2018全国卷语法填空】Chinas approach to protecting its environment while _ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.【答案】feedi
6、ng【解析】when/while+现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于when/while引导的时间状语从句。3. 【2020全国卷语法填空】The next morning he hired a boat and set out _ (find) the well-known painter.【答案】to find【解析】to find 句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。4. 【2020浙江卷7月语法填空】Later, they learned to work w
7、ith the seasons, planting at the right time and, in dry areas, _ (make) use of annual floods to irrigate（灌溉）their fields.【答案】making【解析】考查非谓语动词。主语是they，此处用现在分词doing作伴随状语表示“主动”，因此要用making。考向二 非谓语动词作定语【典例】【2019全国卷语法填空】Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans _
8、(retire) from her 36-year-old business.【答案】to retire【解析】名词plan后接不定式作后置定语。【提分秘籍】1. 现在分词作定语现在分词的主动式作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。现在分词的被动式作定语与所修饰名词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，表示该动作被动和进行。2. 过去分词作定语过去分词作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上存在被动关系，并表示该动作的被动或完成。3. 不定式作定语(1) 不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介
9、词。(2) 被修饰的名词是抽象名词时用不定式作定语，常见的抽象名词：ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time等。(3) the first，the second，the last，the next，the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰名词或代词时，常用不定式作定语。The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表达思想的能力和思想本身一样重要。We are invited
10、to a party to be held in our club next Friday.我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举办的晚会。【方法技巧】非谓语动词作定语是一个非常重要的考点，考生在做此类试题时要从动作发生的时间、动作与主语的主谓或动宾关系上着手去判断，要解答好这类题目可按下列步骤进行：第一步：判断该动词与被修饰的名词之间的关系。若是动宾关系就要用表示被动的非谓语动词（过去分词、动词v.ing形式的被动式、不定式的被动式），若是主谓关系则用动词v.ing形式的主动式或动词不定式的主动式。第二步：看动作发生的时间。若表示将来，用不定式；若表示动作正在进行用现在分词；若表示动作已经完成或
11、结束，用过去分词。1. 【2021浙江卷语法填空】In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries _ (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. 【答案】studied【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，该句谓语动词为had，故此空考查study的非谓语动词形式，此处作countries的后置定语；而countries与study之间为被动关系，且“研究”是已经完成了的动作，故填studied。2. 【2021浙江卷语法
12、填空】This may be due to some disadvantages for people _ (live) in the countryside, including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.【答案】living【解析】考查非谓语动词。此空考查live的非谓语动词形式，此处作people的后置定语；而people与live之间为主动关系，故填living。3. 【2020浙江卷7月语法填空】Agriculture
13、 gave people their first experience of the power of technology _ (change) lives.【答案】to change【解析】考查动词不定式。用不定式作定语修饰名词power，因此要用to change。考向三 非谓语动词作宾语【典例】【2021全国甲卷语法填空】After _ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better t
14、han to ride on a piece of history!【答案】spending【解析】考查动名词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填spending。【提分秘籍】1. 只接不定式作宾语的动词：agree，intend，plan，demand，promise，help，prepare，decide，refuse，choose，wish，hope，want，expect，fail，pretend，manage，determine
15、，beg，arrange，threaten，claim，hesitate，happen等。2. 只接v.ing形式作宾语的动词：admit，avoid，consider，escape，imagine，mind，miss，practise，suggest，feel like，give up，put off，object to，look forward to等。3. 接不定式与接v.ing形式有显著区别的动词：(1)try to do尽力做；try doing试着去做；(2) mean to do打算做；mean doing意味着；(3) regret to do遗憾要去做；regret doin
16、g后悔做过；(4) remember to do记得去做；remember doing记得做过；(5) forget to do忘记做过；forget doing忘记做了。4. 动词want，need，require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动语态作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。5. 介词后一般要接v.ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，若前有实义动词do，不定式要省略to。We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.我们约好在此地见面，但是
17、她到现在还没有露面。What a poor memory! I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday. But today I forgot to return the money to him.多么差的记忆力！昨天我忘了向他借过钱，但今天我又忘了把钱还给他。1. 【2019全国卷语法填空】Scientists have responded by _ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错
18、觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.【答案】noting【解析】介词后应用note的动词-ing形式noting作宾语。2. 【2019全国卷语法填空】A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for_ (be) Britains oldest full-time employee still working 40 hours a week.【答案】being【解析】介词后应用动词的-ing形式作宾语。3. 【2018全国卷语法填空】I quickly lower
19、 myself, ducking my head to avoid _ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel _ (challenge).【答案】looking; challenged【解析】非谓语动词（动名词）avoid后接动名词作宾语。avoid doing sth意为“避免做某事”。非谓语动词（过去分词）主语he与challenge（对挑战）为被动关系，故用过去分词表被动。考向四 非谓语动词作宾补【典例】【2020全国卷语法填空】They make great gift and you see them many times _
20、(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.【答案】decorated【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。【提分秘籍】1. 现在分词作宾补现在分词作宾补时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系，并且现在分词作宾补强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see，watch，observe，lo
21、ok，notice，hear，listen，feel)，使役动词(have，get，find，leave，keep，catch)等。(1) I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.我抬头注意到一条蛇蜿蜒着爬上树去捕捉它的早餐。(2) He had the light burning all night, which made his parents very angry.他让灯亮了整晚，这使他父母很生气。(3) Its wrong to leave the comput
22、er working.让电脑一直开着是不对的。2. 过去分词作宾补过去分词作宾补时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see，watch，observe，look，notice，hear，listen，feel)，使役动词(have，make，let，get，find，leave，keep)等。When we saw the road blocked with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。The old found hi
23、s hometown much changed.这位老人发现他的家乡变化很大。He left much work unfinished because he was ill.因为生病，他留下许多工作未做。3. 不定式作宾补(1)常带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise，allow，ask，cause，command，encourage，expect，forbid，force，get，invite，leave，order，permit，persuade，prefer，request，warn，wish，call on，depend upon等。(2)常接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短
24、语)：help，使役动词(make，have，let)，感官动词。如果这些动词或短语用于被动语态，则to不可省略。动词help后的不定式符号to可以省略，也可以保留。We hurriedly ended the meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.我们匆忙结束了会议，留下很多问题要解决。4. with宾语宾补(1)with宾语doing(表示主动且进行)(2)with宾语done(表示被动且完成)(3)with宾语to do(表示将来)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the
25、park with their pet dog following them.这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly elected president is having a hard time.因为有很多难题要解决，这位新任总统的日子不好过。考向五 非谓语动词作主语和表语【典例】【2021全国甲卷语法填空】It is possible _ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.【答案】to walk【解析】考查动词不定式。
26、句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。【提分秘籍】1. 非谓语动词作主语不定式作主语表示某一具体的、尤其是未发生的动作；v.ing形式作主语表示抽象的、泛指的动作，尤其是一般行为倾向。两者可位于句首，也可用it作形式主语，而把不定式或v.ing形式后置。下列句型常用v.ing形式作主语：It is/was no use/no good/of little use (good) doing sth.
27、。 Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.聆听别人对你刚才所读的书的反应会增加额外的乐趣。It is no good learning without practice.只学习不实践没有好处。2. 非谓语动词作表语v.-ing形式作表语时，说明主语的性质或特征；不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。What she likes is watching children play.她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。His ambition is to go
28、 Harvard University.他的梦想就是上哈佛大学。【2019全国卷语法填空】On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take _ (get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.【答案】to get【解析】分析句子结构可知，it takes+时间+to do sth中，it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。试题汇编1. 【重庆市南开中学2021届高三仿真】A 90-year-ol
29、d has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for _ (be) Britains oldest full-time employee still _ (work) 40 hours a week. 2. 【重庆市南开中学2021届高三仿真】I dont see any reason _ (give) up work.3. 【重庆市一中2021届高三适应性考试】In early 2020, a disease _ (call) COVID-19 hit Wuhan.4. 【重庆市一中2021届高三适应性考试】Zhongs team took many meas
30、ures _ (cure)the patients with COVID-19.5. 【重庆市第八中学2021届高三二诊】People in China have used an ancient counting tool _ (perform) mathematical operations.6. 【重庆市第八中学2021届高三二诊】The Chinese calculators name is “suanpan”, but it is known as “abacus” in English. Invented by Liu Hong, abacus is one of the symbo
31、ls of Chinese peoples wisdom _ (date) back to the 12th century.7. 【辽宁省沈阳市2021届高三教学质量监测】The air flow sends the sand at the foot back to the top of the sand mountain, _ (save) the Crescent Spring from being destroyed by quicksand.8. 【辽宁百校联盟2021届高三质监】Its reported that the materials can generate about 5
32、.8 million kilowatt- hours of electricity for the station, _ (save) about 1,800 tonnes of coal. 9. 【湖南师范大学附中2021届高三模拟】On March 2, when the 27-year-old Chinese striker (前锋) helped his team to a 3-1 win over Real Valladolid, Wu became the first player from an Asian country_ (score) a goal in Spains to
33、p league.10. 【湖南师范大学附中2021届高三模拟】And _ (give) that hes already opened a new chapter for Chinese soccer in Europe, the chances are that Wu has even more surprises in store for us.11. 【湖南省永州市2021届高三二模】At the delivery ceremony in Beijing last Saturday morning, the sample _ (bring) back by Chinas Change
34、5 was handed over to the president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.12. 【湖南省永州市2021届高三二模】The delivery marked the start of research into the sample, the administration said in a statement, _ (add) that it will not merely publish guidelines on the samples distribution and use, but will also encourag
35、e scientists from around the world to participate.13. 【湖北省武汉市2021届高三质量检测】It is agreed that hanzi began as simple pictures, images that the ancient Chinese people drew, painted, and carved _ (describe) nature and their lives.14. 【湖北省九师联盟2021届高三质量检测】While _ (watch) her beauty, many a star fell for her
36、.15. 【湖北省八市2021届高三联考】I felt _ (protect) and safe during the crisis.16. 【湖北省八市2021届高三联考】What I like the most are the traditional wet markets, restaurants _ (offer) various dishes and the numerous cultural activities that are available there.17. 【湖北省2021届高三联考】China launched a large robotic spacecraft
37、early Tuesday morning at the Wenchang Space Launch Center in south Chinas Hainan province, _ (task) it with landing on the moon and bringing back lunar samples, 44 years after such extraterrestrial substances (外星物质) were brought back to earth the last time.18. 【湖北省2021届高三联考】The return capsule of Chi
38、nas Change 5 probe touched down on its preset landing site in Siziwang banner of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region at 1:59 am on Thursday, bringing back the countrys first samples_ (collect) from the moon, according to the China National Space Administration (CNSA).19. 【河北省张家口市2021届高三一模】Derlin Ne
39、wey was in disbelief. “I dont know what _ (say), except thank you,” said Newey as he held back tears of joy.20. 【河北省张家口市2021届高三一模】The Valdez family said they always asked for him when _ (order) pizzas and started recording his deliveries.21. 【河北省保定市2021届高三模拟】In the past two decades, the Chinese gove
40、rnment has strengthened ecological protection of wetlands along the Yellow River, _ (make) various species of wild birds take shelter in the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve, _ (locate) at the rivers estuary in East Chinas Shandong province.22. 【河北省保定市2021届高三模拟】Further efforts should be ma
41、de _ (ensure) the long-term stability of the Yellow River23. 【广东湛江一中2021届高三模拟】A research _ (conduct) by the World Health Organization finds that nearly 50% of teens have fallen into the habit of exposing themselves to unsafe levels of sound so far.24. 【广东湛江一中2021届高三模拟】In an effort to help teens bett
42、er protect their hearing, we suggest _ (set) volume limits on personal audio devices. It is also good to limit the amount of time exposed to noise and to take listening breaks to give the ears a rest.25. 【广东实验中学2021届高三模拟】It is also a good time for people to enjoy fun outdoors, especially for people
43、living in the city. _ (drive) to the suburbs, fishing in a lake or enjoying the singing bird will make for a perfect weekend in spring.26. 【广东省深圳市2021届高三调研】With a big smile on her face, Gan Youqin chats with her followers in her live-stream every night, trying _ (promote) sales of oranges from her h
44、ometown, a small village in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.27. 【广东省深圳市2021届高三调研】She was initially encouraged by her nephew, who asked Gan to be the main character in his short videos _ (feature) country life.28. 【广东省六校2021届高三联考】There are many affordable pedometers which can be worn like a watch an
45、d used _ (track) your steps, heart rate, sleeping patterns and even your blood oxygenation levels.29. 【广州2021届高三一模】_ (locate) in Hangzhou, the museum occupies a parklike setting. Inside, various halls demonstrate the story of tea, its ceremonies and its tools.30. 【广州2021届高三一模】Today visitors can obse
46、rve a tea ceremony that might be enough _ (change) even the most passionate coffee drinker.31. 【广东省佛山市2021届高三质检】Putting off the Olympics will have many effects. For example, many sporting events which are already scheduled _ (hold) in 2021 may have to be put off, too.参考答案1. 【答案】being; working【解析】考查非
47、谓语动词。句意：一位90岁的老人被授予“年度女性”称号，因为她是英国年龄最大的全职员工，每周工作40小时。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“has been awarded”且句中无连词，故应用be的非谓语动词形式，句中for为介词，后应接动名词作宾语，应用be的动名词being。故填being。考查非谓语动词。句意：一位90岁的老人被授予“年度女性”称号，因为她是英国年龄最大的全职员工，每周工作40小时。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“has been awarded”且句中无连词，故应用work的非谓语动词形式，work意为“工作”，动词词性，句子主语“A 90-year-old”与work之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用work的现在分词working。故填working。2. 【答案】to give【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：艾琳说：“我看不出有什么理由放弃工作”。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“see”且
