1、UNIT 1 Cultural Heritage A 组 基础巩固 . 语法填空 A Listed as a World Cultural Heritage in 2008, tulou or earthen buildings are unique rural dwellings (住宅) in the 1. _ (mountain) area in east Chinas Fujian Province. The buildings 2. _ (appear) in the Song and Yuan dynasties, and took 3. _ (they) current shap
2、es in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Some of the Hakka and Hoklo people still live in the tulou. The buildings were 4. _ (original) for Hakka families to live together and defend 5. _ the invaders. They evolved from local mountain camps, most of 6. _ took a circular structure. Most of the earthen buil
3、dings have been developed since it was put on the List, and the number of tourists 7. _ (rise) dramatically. Lin Jianwen is currently the sixth generation owner of Zhencheng Building 8. _ (build) in 1912. Lin went back home and inherited the building, turning it into a homestay hotel. In peak time,
4、there are 200 people from 27 families 9. _ (live) in it. He runs 10. _ business with his family and takes good care of the visitors. Welcoming tourists from all over the world makes Lins life more colourful in the village. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在 2008 年被收录到世界文化遗产的福建土楼。 1. mountainous 考查形容词。 分析句子可知， ar
5、ea 为名词， 修饰名词要用形容词形式， 故填 mountainous。 2. appeared 考查时态。讲述过去发生的事情要用一般过去时。 3. their 考查代词。下文的“current shapes”为名词短语，要用形容词性物主代词修饰。 4. originally 考查副词。所填的词修饰动词“live”和“defend”，所以用副词形式，故填 originally。 5. against 考查固定搭配。 句意： 这些建筑最初是为了客家人的共同居住和抵御侵略者而建造的。 defend against 意为“保卫；抵抗；抵御；防御”。 6. which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，
6、此句为“of关系代词” 引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是 camps，关系词在从句中作 of 的宾语，故填 which。 7. has risen 考查时态。主语是“the number of名词复数形式”时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，结合时间状语“since it was put on the List”可知，此处要用现在完成时。 8. built 考查非谓语动词。Zhencheng Building 和 build 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。 9. living 考查非谓语动词。现在分词修饰主动的、正在进行的动作，这里相当于 who are living，故填li
7、ving。 10. the 考查冠词。此处用 the business 代指上文的 homestay hotel。故填 the。 B Near the town of Montignac in Southern France, visitors can find some of the most beautiful cave paintings in the world the Lascaux Cave Paintings (拉斯科洞窟壁画) The history of these paintings is very interesting. Most caves are formed 1.
8、 _ nature under the ground, but some have entrances people can find. Thats just what happened one day in 1940. Four boys were taking 2. _ walk in the woods near Montignac. As they walked along, one of them noticed an unusual rock. 3. _ they got closer, they found it wasnt a rock but an opening in th
9、e ground. This opening led to a cave, so they decided to have a look around it. The walls of the cave 4. _ (cover) with ancient art. The boys didnt know it, but the cave was the find of the century! Over the years, many historians and artists came to study the art. They wanted to understand who pain
10、ted the pictures and 5. _ they might mean. They soon realised some of the art indicated animals that were on Earth a long time ago. Many of the pictures also showed people 6. _ (follow) animals and trying to kill them for food. In the end, historians agreed that this was likely to be the art of a ci
11、vilisation that existed over 15,000 years ago. By 1950, over a thousand people from all over the world were visiting the cave every day. But by 1955, the paintings were beginning to become difficult 7. _ (see). Many people were passing through the cave, so the paintings were losing their colour. 8.
12、_ (sad), people can no longer visit the cave. However, another set of cave paintings has been created. These 9. _ (painting) look exactly the same as the Lascaux Cave Paintings. People 10. _ (make) the paintings so that everyone can still learn about this great ancient civilisation. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文
13、章介绍了法国南部蒙提涅克镇附近的一些世界上最美的洞窟壁画拉斯科洞窟壁画。 1. by 考查固定搭配。根据语境可知，此处表示“被”，所以填 by。 2. a 考查冠词。take a walk“散步”。 3. When/As 考查连词。句意：当他们走近时，才发现那是个地洞而不是岩石。此处是时间状语从句，所以填 When/As。 4. were covered 考查时态和语态。 墙壁被画所覆盖， 而且发生在过去， 所以用一般过去时的被动语态。 5. what 考查名词性从句。understand 是及物动词，后面的句子是两个并列的宾语从句。连接词在从句中作宾语，所以填 what。 6. (were)
14、 following 考查非谓语动词。此处填 following 和后面 trying 并列。也可看作是从句，用过去进行时。 7. to see 考查非谓语动词。此处符合 be/become形容词to do 结构。所以用动词不定式。 8. Sadly 考查副词。所填的词修饰整个句子，应该用副词。 9. paintings 考查名词复数。painting 是可数名词，根据前面的 these 可知要用复数形式。 10. (have) made 考查时态。 仿制壁画是过去的事情， 所以用一般过去时。 因为已经对现在产生了影响，所以还可以考虑现在完成时。 . 根据提示补全句子 1. 正如报告所显示的，
15、在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。(as) The air quality in the city, as_is_shown_in_the_report, has improved over the past two months. 2. 自然资源有限，我们应采取行动保护资源不被浪费。(preserve) With the limited natural resources, we should take action to preserve_them_ from_being_wasted. 3. 工人们不仅想增加工资，而且还想减少工作时间。 Not_only_do_the_wo
16、rkers_want_to_increase_their_pay,but they also want to reduce working hours. 4. 据说这个有导演天赋的男人是一个著名的导演。(it 作形式主语) It_is_said_that the man, who has a gift for directing films, is a famous director. 5. 参加英语演讲比赛是学习英语的一种很有帮助的方法。(take part in) Taking_part_in_the_English_speech_competition is a helpful way
17、to learn English. B 组 能力提升 . 阅读理解 A Welcome to Windsor Castle, the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world. Windsor is one of the official residences (住所) of the Queen, who sometimes stays here. Audio tours Free audio tours are available on leaving the Admission Centre at the start of your v
18、isit. There is a descriptive audio tour for blind and poor- sighted visitors. Guided tours Visitors can explore the history of the Castle through a tour of the Precincts with an expert guide. Tours depart at regular intervals throughout the day from the Courtyard and finish at the entrance to the St
19、ate Apartments. Visitors with children For those visiting with children, a special family tour and various activities are offered during school holidays and at weekends. Please note that, for safe reasons, pushchairs are not permitted in the State Apartments. However, baby carriers are available to
20、borrow. St Georges Chapel (小教堂) Visitors arriving at the Castle after 15: 00 from March to October are advised to visit St Georges Chapel first before it closes. Shopping Shops offer a wide range of souvenirs designed for the Royal Collection, including books, postcards, china, jewellery, and childr
21、ens toys. Please ask at the Middle Ward shop about our home delivery service. Refreshments (点心) Bottled water can be purchased from the Courtyard and Middle Ward shops. From April to September ice cream is also available. Visitors wishing to leave the Castle for refreshments in the town may obtain r
22、e- entry permits from the castle shops. Eating and drinking are not permitted in the State Apartments or St Georges Chapel. Photography and mobile phones Non- commercial photography and filming are welcomed in the Castle. Photography, video recording and filming are not permitted inside the State Ap
23、artments or St Georges Chapel in consideration of other visitors. Security As Windsor Castle is a working royal palace, visitors and their belongings should get through airport- style security checks. For safety and security reasons a one- way system operates along the visitor route. 1. What is spec
24、ially offered to visitors with kids? A. A free toy. B. A pushchair. C. A baby carrier. D. A security guard. 2. Who may get re- entry permits? A. Visitors buying gifts in the castle shops. B. Visitors wishing to eat outside the Castle. C. Visitors buying water from the Courtyard. D. Visitors eating o
25、utside St Georges Chapel. 3. What type of writing is this passage? A. A notice. B. An advertisement. C. A tour review. D. An official report. 【语篇解读】本文是一则广告。文章介绍了世界上历史最悠久、规模最大的尚在使用的城堡温莎城堡。文中从旅程、购物、安保等方面介绍了来温莎城堡旅游的相关细节。 1. C 细节理解题。根据 Visitors with children 部分中的“baby carriers are available to borrow”可以
26、得知带婴幼儿的游客可以借一个婴儿车。故选 C。 2. B 细节理解题。根据 Refreshments (点心)部分中的“Visitors wishing to leave the Castle for refreshments in the town may obtain the reentry permits from the castle shops.”可知，想要在城堡外面就餐的人可以获得再次进入城堡的权利。故选 B。 3. B 推理判断题。根据文中以黑体、大写等方式加以提示的购物、就餐等文字判断，材料是一则广告。故选 B。 B (2020 山东青岛 4 月模拟)Hybrid cars a
27、re cars that run on both petrol and electricity. They each have a small standard petrol engine and a battery and an electric motor to provide electrical power. There are some differences between different models of hybrid cars, but the general principle is that the car runs on petrol, and the electr
28、ic motor kicks in when additional power is required, for example when going uphill or accelerating. In some hybrid cars the petrol engine turns itself off when not needed, for example when the car has stopped at traffic lights, keeping only the electric engine running. Conventional cars have large e
29、ngines to cope with driving uphill and accelerating. Most of the time, this high engine capacity is not needed, but the engine continues burning up fuel. Hybrid cars have much smaller petrol engines，boosted by electric motors when needed, so they use less petrol. Hybrid cars are also lighter and aer
30、odynamically (空气动力学地) designed for greater fuel efficiency. Another way that fuel consumption is cut is by a system of “regenerative braking (刹车)”. The electric motor is used to slow down the car, rather than conventional brakes. The energy produced by the slowing car is transformed into electrical
31、power, which is automatically stored in the battery. In effect, the battery recharges when you brake. In conventional cars the energy produced when the cars are braking is wasted. Car manufacturers and engineers have been experimenting with electric and hybrid cars since the late 19th century. In 18
32、98 Ferdinand Porsche built an experimental hybrid car that used both an internal burning engine and electric motors. The first mass- produced hybrid car, the Toyota Prius, came out in Japan at the end of 1997. However, hybrid cars became available in the USA only in 1999, when the Honda Insight went
33、 on sale. As they use less fuel, hybrid cars are cheaper to run. There are also many initiatives in place to encourage people to buy them. In some countries, hybrid car owners pay a lower rate of tax, and dont have to pay on certain toll roads (收费公路). In some cities around the world, hybrid cars are
34、 allowed to park for free. 4. What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A. Hybrid cars dont need petrol any more. B. The petrol engine and the electric motor work all the way. C. Hybrid cars mainly depend on electrical power to run. D. Some hybrid car petrol engines will quit when unnecessary. 5. Which is
35、 NOT the reason why hybrid cars consume less energy? A. Smaller petrol engines. B. Scientific design. C. Conventional brakes. D. Energy storage. 6. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Hybrid cars are cheaper to buy. B. Hybrid car owners dont have to pay tax. C. Hybrid car owners dont need
36、to pay the parking fee. D. Hybrid cars will have a bright future. 7. Whats the authors purpose of writing the passage? A. To advertise hybrid cars. B. To introduce hybrid cars. C. To compare conventional cars and hybrid cars. D. To inform the development of hybrid cars. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了混合动力汽车的
37、工作原理、优势和发展前景。 4. D 细节理解题。 根据第二段中的“In some hybrid cars the petrol engine turns itself off when not needed”可知，在一些混合动力汽车中，当不需要时，汽油发动机会自动关闭。故选 D。 5. C 细节理解题。 根据第四段中的“Another way that fuel consumption is cut is by a system . The electric motor is used to slow down the car, rather than conventional brakes
38、.”可知，传统的刹车并不能减少能量消耗。故选 C。 6. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“cheaper to run . encourage people to buy . owners pay a lower rate of tax, and dont have to pay on certain toll roads (收费公路) . hybrid cars are allowed to park for free”可知，很多优惠政策都倾向混合动力汽车，由此可以推测，混合动力汽车前景光明。 7. B 写作意图题。通读全文可知，文章内容主要围绕混合动力汽车展开，介绍了它们的优势和前景等。
39、故选 B。 . 完形填空 Melbourne Girls College is getting rid of all dustbins and asking students to take their rubbish home to encourage them to move towards zero waste. Starting next Monday, the college will gradually 1 all the rubbish bins in five weeks in classrooms and the yard, 2 1,400 students and 140
40、staff to find their own home for chip packets and juice boxes. Volunteer students will 3 daily noncompulsory food inspections in which children bringing “zero waste” lunch boxes will be 4 . Students using only 5 packaging will receive a token (礼券) to win prizes such as KeepCups. The rubbish that stu
41、dents take home may still go to landfills(废物填埋场)via their home bins, 6 the new policy will help persuade 7 to buy fewer packaged items and reuse containers. Most issues around carrying rubbish home, such as smell and mess, can be solved. 8 tuna (金枪鱼)in a tin, for example, can 9 the schools compost (
42、堆肥) bin and the tin can be 10 before its taken home. The college principal Karen Money acknowledges that some parents may not have the time or means to avoid 11 in singleuse packaging, “but its 12 to get as many people as we can to avoid it. We talk a lot, 13 educators, about the bad problems the wo
43、rld 14 ，and if we dont start putting some actions 15 that beautiful idea, then its just empty.” 1. A. replace B. wash C. clean D. remove 2. A. proving B. leaving C. promising D. allowing 3. A. receive B. forbid C. admit D. conduct 4. A. rewarded B. advised C. changed D. protected 5. A. creative B. u
44、sual C. reusable D. plastic 6. A. so B. but C. then D. though 7. A. teachers B. staff C. families D. classmates 8. A. Uneaten B. Uncooked C. Uncovered D. Unbroken 9. A. break down B. break through C. get through D. go into 10. A. returned B. washed C. reused D. spared 11. A. foods B. clothes C. drin
45、ks D. tools 12. A. keeping B. dreaming C. stopping D. trying 13. A. for B. to C. as D. with 14. A. solves B. shows C. faces D. follows 15. A. ahead of B. behind C. upon D. beyond 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了墨尔本女子学院正在移除所有垃圾箱，并要求学生们把垃圾带回家，以鼓励她们朝着零浪费的方向发展。 1. D 由上文“asking students to take their rubbish home
46、to encourage them to move towards zero waste”可知，此处指移除教室和校园内的垃圾箱。故选 D。 2. B 句意： 让1 400名学生和140名工作人员在自己家里寻找薯条袋和果汁盒。 由上文内容可知，此处用 leaving。故选 B。 3. D 句意：学生志愿者每天将进行非强制性的食物检查，携带“零浪费”午餐盒的儿童将获得奖励。由下文中的“inspections”可知，此处指进行检查。故选 D。 4. A 句意同上。由后面的“win prizes”可知，此处指奖励。故选 A。 5. C 句意：只使用可重复使用的包装的学生将获得礼品券，如 KeepCup
47、 咖啡杯。由下文“buy fewer packaged items and reuse containers”可知，此处指可重复使用的包装。故选 C。 6. B 句意：学生带回家的垃圾仍然可以通过他们家的垃圾箱到达填埋场，但新政策将有助于说服家庭成员购买具有更少包装的物品和可重复使用容器。根据句意可知，此处两个分句之间是转折关系，应用连词 but。故选 B。 7. C 句意同上。由上文中的“take home”和“via their home bins”可知，此处指说服家庭。故选 C。 8. A 句意：例如，罐头瓶里吃剩的金枪鱼，可以放进学校的堆肥箱，罐头瓶可以在被带回家之前清洗干净。unea
48、ten 意为“吃剩下的；未吃的”，此处为吃剩的意思。故选 A。 9. D 句意同上。根据语境可知，此处指放进堆肥箱。故选 D。 10. B 句意同上。由语境及常识可知，罐头里的未食用金枪鱼，放进堆肥箱后，罐头要清洗干净才能带回家。故选 B。 11. A 由语境可知，此处指一次性包装的食品。故选 A。 12. D 由上文中的“may not have the time or means to avoid”可知，此处指试图让尽可能多的人来避免。故选 D。 13. C 由上文中的“The college principal”及语境可知，此处指作为教育工作者。故选 C。 14. C 由上文中的“the bad problems the world”可知， 此处用 face，意为“世界面临的坏问题”。 故选 C。 15. B 由句意及语境常识可知，提出某种想法之后采取一些行动。故选 B。
