1、专题专题 10 语法填空之记叙文和议论文语法填空之记叙文和议论文 1.（2020 届安徽省蚌埠市高三第三次质检） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Sometimes in life， you need to act quickly. Thinking too much about a problem is not always41 （ benefit） . It can hold us back. But sometimes slower is better. Many things in life require careful thought and
2、42 （ prepare） . Sometimes we need to be cautious and take precautions（ 预 防 ） . “ An ounce（盎司） of prevention is worth a pound of cure， ” is a great expression for that kind of behavior. This saying comes to us 43 Benjamin Franklin， who was one of the 44 （ found） of the United States. The word “ ounce
3、” means something really small just two one hundredths of a kilogram 45 （exact） . So， he means that， when you deal with a problem， spending a small amount of time and effort early on can save you more trouble in the end. For example， if a country announces strong measures for 46 （ contain） a virus，
4、we could say， “ An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. ” It is better 47 （take） severe precautions than to suffer severe consequences later. When he first used this expression， Franklin was not talking about disease 48 rather fire prevention. During a visit to Boston in 1733， Franklin 49 （
5、 impress） with the city s fire prevention methods. He tried to bring some of these practices to the city of Philadelphia， 50 he lived. Franklin sent a letter “ Protection of Towns from Fire” to the local newspaper. It began with the expression “ an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. ” Fro
6、m then on， this expression can be used in many serious situations. 【答案】 41beneficial 42preparation 43from 44founders 45exactly 46containing 47to take 48but 49was impressed 50where 【解析】本文为记叙文。文章记叙了英语句子“An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure”的由来及意义。 41考查形容词作表语。句意：有时候在生活中，你需要迅速行动。对问题想得太多并不总是有益
7、的。它可以阻止我们。但有时候慢一点更好。分析句子可知，本空格要用形容词做定语，故填 beneficial。 42考查名词做宾语。句意：生活中的许多事情都需要仔细考虑和准备。分析句子可知，空格处在句中作动词 require 的宾语，所以要用其名词形式，故填名词 preparation。 43考查语境。句意：这句话出自本杰明 富兰克林之口。根据语境可知，空格处缺少一个介词，根据语境可知，此处是指来自，故填 from。 44 考查名词及固定搭配。 句意： 这句话来自本杰明 富兰克林， 他是美国的开国元勋之一。 “one of+the+名词复数”是固定短语，表示“之一”，空格处要用名词复数，故填 fo
8、unders。 45考查副词辨析。句意：“盎司”这个词的意思是非常小的东西确切地说仅仅是一千克的百分之二到一。空格处在句中作状语，要用副词形式，故填 exactly。 46考查介词宾语。句意：例如，如果一个国家宣布采取强有力的措施遏制病毒，我们可以说，“一盎司的预防胜过一磅的治疗（一分预防等于十分治疗）。”分析句子可知，空格处在句中作介词宾语，所以要用动词的-ing 形式，故填 containing。 47考查固定句式。句意：与其以后遭受严重后果，不如采取严厉的预防措施。“It is adj. to do.”为固定句式，其中的 it 是形式主语，to do.为真正的主语，故填 to take。
9、 48考查语境及连词。句意：当富兰克林第一次使用这个短语时，他并不是在谈论疾病，而是在谈论防火。分析前后两句的内容可知，前后两句是转折关系，故填 but 。 49考查固定搭配。句意：在 1733 年访问波士顿期间，富兰克林对该市的防火方法印象深刻。“be impressed with sth.”为固定搭配，意为“某人对某事印象深刻”。根据时间状语“in 1733”可知，本句要用一般过去时，故填 was impressed。 50考查定语从句。句意：他试图把这些做法带到他居住的费城。分析句子可知，本句是定语从句，其中的the city of Philadelphia 是先行词， 在定语从句中作地
10、点状语， 此时要用关系副词where， 故填where。 2.（2020 届福建省福州市高三毕业班质量检测）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题卡的相应位置。 At about 3 p.m. on October 2, carpentry students from Harvard H. Ellis Technical High School (ET) in the United States 41 (put) the finishing touches on a handicapped ramp (残疾人坡道) at Northeast
11、Placement Services. It was a thing of 42 (beautiful), leading from a platform outside one building to the entryway of the new Community Education Center. It was one year ago 43 students started the project. It took so long, because ET has a rotating (轮流的) schedule two weeks of academic work followed
12、 44 two weeks of shop work. Their academic schedule made it difficult 45 (finish) the job very quickly. During the summer, work stopped altogether. 46 (arrive) at ET, Senior Gabe Martel first didnt know he wanted to be a carpenter. He soon found the hands-on activity was 47 (benefit) for him. One th
13、ing he learned is that no project goes according to plan. They had to follow building rules and adapt 48 (they) quickly. They had to work with the customer and learn to get along with their teammates. The next project will be at the Brooklyn Fairgrounds, where students will rebuild a part of the mai
14、n stage. Unless its 49 (extreme) cold in winter, theyll work a couple of 50 (month). 【答案】 41were putting 42beauty 43that 44by 45to finish 46arriving 47beneficial 48themselves 49extremely 50months 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了来自美国哈弗 H. Ellis 技术高中的木工学生自己动手完成了 ET这一项目，他们完成得很快，他们从中获得了许多，他们的老师也对他们很满意。 41考查时态。此处缺乏谓语动词
15、，根据 At about 3 p.m. on October 2 和语境可知，此处指过去正在发生的事，所以用过去进行时（was/were doing）， 主语 carpentry students 是复数，应用 were putting。故填 were putting。 42考查名词。a thing of _2 _是一个名词所有格，所以此空应用名词形式。故填 beauty。 43考查强调句型。此处是强调句型结构“It is/was +被强调部分+ that/who +从句”，被强调部分 one year ago 指物，所以用 that。故填 that。 44考查介词。followed 是过去分
16、词表被动，做 two weeks of academic work 的后置定语，介词 by 意为“被”。故填 by。 45考查动词不定式。make it + adj. + to do sth.意为“使做某事怎么样”，此处 it 是形式宾语，动词不定式（to do）是真正宾语，所以此空用动词不定式。故填 to finish。 46 考查现在分词。 此处是非谓语作状语， 主语 Senior Gabe Martel 和动词 arrive 是逻辑上的主动关系，所以用现在分词（doing）。故填 arriving。 47考查形容词。固定搭配 be beneficial for 意为“对是有益的”。故填
17、beneficial。 48考查代词。此处宾语和主语同指“They”，所以宾语要用反身代词。故填 themselves。 49考查副词。此处修饰形容词 cold，应用副词，所以此空用副词形式。故填 extremely。 50 考查名词复数。 a couple of +复数可数名词， 意为“一对、 几个”， 所以此空用名词复数。 故填 months。 3.（2020 届福建省厦门市高三一次质检） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Han Gan, a leading horse painter of the Tang Dynasty, is known for
18、 capturing the physical features of the animal and 41 (it) inner spirit. Night-Shining White, his 42 (survive) work, is regarded as one of the most significant horse paintings in the history of Chinese art. Even now, we can still feel the power within the horses burning eyes, kicking hooves and bare
19、d 43 (tooth). Bom into a poor family, the young Han Gan worked in a wine shop to support his family. Accidentally, his great artistic talent 44 (discover) by the famous poet Wang Wei, 45 later sponsored the young man to study painting. Due to Han Gans 46 (nature) talent and hard work, he was 47 (eve
20、ntual) chosen to serve Emperor Xuanzong in the royal palace. It was in the royal stables (马厩) 48 Han Gan developed his own style of painting horses based on observing them, instead of the conventional practice of imitating a great master. Night-Shining White represents both an actual charger belongi
21、ng 49 Xuanzong and a “heavenly horse” of Chinese legend. Those who saw Han Gans horse paintings all sang high praises for his unique skill, saying that his horses “could gallop (飞奔) off the paper”. Even Su Shi, the famous poet of the Song Dynasty, 50 (express) his admiration for Han Gan. 【答案】 41its
22、42surviving 43teeth 44was discovered 45who 46natural 47eventually 48that 49to 50expressed 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了唐代著名的画马的画家韩干的生平及他的传世之作夜光白。 41考查形容词性物主代词。句意：他以捕捉马的体貌特征和内在精神而闻名。修饰名词 inner spirit用形容词性物主代词，故填 its。 42考查形容词。句意：是他现存的作品夜光白被认为是中国艺术史上最重要的画马的画作之一。修饰名词 work 用形容词， 根据“is regarded as one of the most sign
23、ificant horse paintings in the history of Chinese art”可知此处表示“现存的、存世的”，故填 surviving。 43考查名词的数。句意：即使是现在，我们仍然可以感受到马那有神的眼睛，踏出的蹄子和露出的牙齿中的力量。此处指不止一颗牙齿，应该用复数形式，故填 teeth。 44考查时态语态。句意：偶然间，他非凡的艺术才华被著名诗人王维发现，王维后来资助他学习绘画。讲述的是发生在唐代的事情，主语 artistic talent 与 discover 之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，且谓语动词用单数，故填 was discovered
24、。 45考查非限定性定语从句。句意同上，此处为非限定性定语从句，关系词指代先行词 Wang Wei 并在从句中作主语，故填 who。 46考查形容词。句意：由于他的天分和勤奋，韩干最终被选为唐玄宗的侍从。修饰名词 talent 用形容词，根据句意可知此处表示“天生的”，故填 natural。 47 考查副词。 句意同上， 修饰句子“he was chosen to serve Emperor Xuanzong in the royal palace”用副词，故填 eventually。 48考查强调句型。句意：正是在皇宫的马厩里，韩干在观察马的基础上发展出了自己的绘画风格。去掉 It was
25、和空处，句子成分仍然完整，因此本句为强调句型，其基本结构为：it is+被强调部分+that+其余部分，本句强调的是地点状语 in the royal stables，故填 that。 49考查固定短语。句意：夜光白既代表了唐玄宗的舞马，也代表了中国传说中的天马。belong to 是固定短语，表示“属于”，故填 to。 50考查时态。句意：就连宋代著名诗人苏轼也对韩干表示钦佩。事情发生在宋代，应该用一般过去时，故填 expressed。 4.（2020 届广东省广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试） Olympic and Paralympic medals for the Tokyo 2020 G
26、ames will be made from recycled mobile phones donated by the public. Olympic host cities have 41 (tradition) obtained the metal from mining firms. But Japan, 42 lacks its own mineral resources, is keen on taking the theme of a sustainable future a step 43 (far). “A project which allows the people of
27、 Japan 44 (participate) in creating the medals is really good, and helps raise the environmental awareness of our citizens,” said Tokyo 2020 sports 45 (direct) Koji Murofushi. “46 the resources of our earth are limited, we need to recycle more and avoid waste. This program is setting an example ” Co
28、llection boxes have been placed in local offices and telecom stores and they will remain there until the metal required 47 (collect). Members of the organizing committee put forward the idea48 government officials and companies earlier this year and won their support. As a result, the medals hanging
29、 around Olympic winners necks will carry even more meaning than usual. Peoples personal memories, once 49 (store) in their smartphones and other handheld devices, will take the round shape of an Olympic medal, one of the most precious 50 (prize) in sport. 【答案】 41traditionally 42which 43further 44to
30、participate 45director 46As/Because/Since 47is collected / has been collected 48to 49stored 50prizes 【解析】 这是一篇新闻报道类文章。 2020 年东京奥运会和残奥会的奖牌将由公众捐赠的回收手机制成。 41考查副词。句意：奥运会主办城市通常从矿业公司获得金属。该空修饰动词 obtain，应用副词。故填 traditionally。 42 考查定语从句。 句意： 缺乏自身矿产资源的日本， 热衷于将可持续未来的主题向前推进一步。 _2_ lacks its own mineral resource
31、s 是非限制性定语从句，修饰 Japan，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，应用 which引导该从句。故填 which。 43考查比较级。句意：缺乏自身矿产资源的日本，热衷于将可持续未来的主题向前推进一步。根据句意，该处应用 far 的比较级，表示“进一步”，应用 further。故填 further。 44考查非谓语动词。句意：一个允许日本人民参与制作奖牌的项目是非常好的。allow sb. to do sth.是固定句式，意为“允许某人做某事”。故填 to participate。 45考查名词。 Koji Murofushi 是 2020 年东京奥运会体育总监。director 意为“总监”
32、，故填 director。 46考查连词。句意：因为我们的地球资源是有限的，我们需要更多的回收和避免浪费。前后两句之间是因果关系，该空引导原因状语从句，应用 because，as 或 since 引导。故填 As/Because/Since。 47考查时态，主谓一致和语态。句意：收集箱已经被放置在当地的办公室和电信商店，它们将一直在那里，直到所需的金属被收集。until 引导时间状语从句，根据“主将从现”原则，主句用一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时态或现在完成时态。且 the metal 和 collect 之间是被动关系，metal 不可数，根据主谓一致原则，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填
33、 is collected / has been collected。 48考查介词。句意：今年早些时候，组委会成员向政府官员和企业提出了这一想法，并得到了他们的支持。表示“向提出”，应用 put forward sth. to sb.，故填 to。 49考查非谓语动词。句意：人们的个人记忆一旦储存在智能手机和其他手持设备中，就会以奥运奖牌的形式出现， 奥运奖牌是体育界最珍贵的奖品之一。 once 是连词， 引导从句， 从句补充完整为“once peoples personal memories are stored in their smartphones and other handhel
34、d devices”，根据“主从句主语一致，且从句中有 be，可以将从句的主语和 be 省略”这一原则，从句省略之后为“once stored in their smartphones and other handheld devices”，故填 stored。 50考查名词单复数。prize 奖品是可数名词，one of+名词复数，故填 prizes。 5.（2020 届河南省郑州市高三第二次质量预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式， 并将答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上。 At a very young age, Oindrila Basu had no i
35、dea of 41 to live with nature. She would climb trees or destroy the nests of birds just for fun, like other kids. Once her mother caught her and got angry, and then the girl realized she 42 (do) something terribly wrong. This is just a way that Basus parents shaped her understanding and appreciation
36、 of nature. 43 ( live) in the countryside, she spent her youth studying ants before the rain, watching sunbirds drink honey, counting fireflies and watching young plants grow. Then her parents decided to move to a nearby city 44 better educational chances, and then she stopped having first-hand expe
37、riences with nature. Later, as she struggled 45 (choose) a college major, her mother suggested a career in forestry (林业).Thats when her journey began, and she fell in love with forestry. Away from the crowded cities, in the lap of the Himalayas, she graduated in forestry from Kumaun University, Indi
38、a. When she went on to study a 46 (master) degree in forestry from the Forest Research Institute, India, she finally got introduced to a like-minded group of people, devoted to the International Forestry Students Association (IFSA). IFSA is a 47 ( globe) organization connecting students to exchange
39、knowledge and participate in forestry activities. The youth joining IFSA are 48 (encourage) to undertake its task to enrich forest education and spread a love of nature through events and exchanges. After 6 months of exciting international conferences and workshops, Basu, then 25, found her home a f
40、amily that loved forests as much 49 she did. She felt more active, so her passion had a direction. Now she wanted to do more. As a key member of IFSA, Basu recalled the experience of joining, “50 (deliberate) or by accident, we chose forestry, or rather, forestry chose us.” 【答案】 41how 42had done 43L
41、iving 44with / for 45to choose 46masters 47global 48encouraged 49as 50Deliberately 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。 文章讲述了热爱自然的 Basu 与林业之间的故事。 Basu 从小热爱和理解自然，大学时选择了林业作为专业，在攻读硕士学位时进入国际林业学生协会，成为其中重要的成员。这个国际组织致力于丰富森林教育，传播对自然的热爱。 41考查副词。根据第一段第二句 She would climb trees or destroy the nests of birds just for fun, like other k
42、ids.(她会像其他孩子一样，为了好玩就爬树或破坏鸟巢。)可知她在年纪很小的时候还不知道如何和自然相处。how to live with nature 意为“如何与自然相处”，符合语境，故填 how。 42考查时态。根据上下文语境，do 所表示的动作发生在 realized 之前，因此要用过去完成时，表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，由 had 加过去分词构成，故填 had done。 43考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语结构，live 与其逻辑主语 she 是主动关系，应使用现在分词。故填 Living。 44考查介词。a nearby city with be
43、tter educational chances 意为“有更好教育机会的附近城市”，with 表示伴随；move to a nearby city for better educational chances 意为“为了更好的教育机会而搬到附近城市”，for表示“因为”。因此此空可有两种填法：with 或 for。故填 with / for。 45考查固定搭配。struggle to do sth.意为“努力做某事”，为固定搭配。故填 to choose。 46考查固定短语。masters degree 意为“硕士学位”，是固定短语，故填 masters。 47考查形容词。形容词修饰名词，此处
44、用 globe 的形容词形式 global，修饰名词 organization。故填global。 48考查语态。此句中主语为 The youth，动词 encourage 与主语之间是被动关系，要用被动语态，根据空前的 are 可知所填空只需填 encourage 的过去分词形式，故填 encouraged。 49考查固定搭配。as much as 意为“和一样多”，是固定搭配，故填 as。 50考查副词。根据空后的 or by accident(或者意外地)可知所填空意为“故意地”。分析句子可知，此处应用 deliberate 的副词形式和 or by accident 一起修饰整个句子，
45、故填 Deliberately。 6.（2020 届江西省抚州市高三教学质量监测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Kitchen technology has reached new heights. So far, astronauts on the International Space Station 41 (make)the universes first space-baked cookies. They are 42 very first kind of food to be baked in space from raw ingredient
46、s. The astronauts said 43(eat) freshly baked food will make them happy while on the space station. It will be a comforting 44 (remind) of home. This will be important for astronauts going to the moon or on the long journey to Mars. Baking the space cookies once 45(think) extremely difficult. On Eart
47、h, cookies take about 20 minutes 46(bake) in an oven heated to 150 degrees Celsius(302 degrees Fahrenheit). That was not long enough in space. The first cookie came out 47(total) undercooked. The space bakers turned 48the ovens temperature and baked the dough for 49(long)until they were successful.
48、The fifth cookie they made took 130 minutes to bake. The space-baked cookies are now in a laboratory in Houston, Texas. Scientists will test them to see 50 they are safe to eat. 【答案】 41have made 42the 43eating 44reminder 45was thought 46to bake 47totally 48up 49longer 50if/whether 【解析】这是一篇新闻报道类文章。国际
49、空间站的宇航员制作了宇宙中第一块太空烘焙饼干。 41考查时态。时间状语是 so far（迄今为止），句子应用现在完成时态。故填 have made。 42 考查冠词。 句意： 它们是第一种在太空中由原料烘焙而成的食物。 序数词 first 前要用定冠词,表示“第一”。故填 the。 43考查动名词。句意：宇航员们说，在空间站吃新鲜出炉的食物会让他们很开心。该空作主语，常用动名词。故填 eating。 44考查名词。句意：在太空吃到现烤的饼干将会使人想到家。空前有不定冠词和形容词，故该空应用单数名词。该处表示“引起回忆的事物；提醒人的事物”。故填 reminder。 45考查时态和语态。句意：在
50、太空中烹饪曾被认为是极其困难的。baking the space cookies 和 think 之间是被动关系，该句应用被动语态。且根据 once(曾经)可知，该句应用一般过去时态。且动名词作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填 was thought。 46考查非谓语动词。句意：在地球上，用加热到 150 度的烤箱花 20 分钟就可以烤好饼干，it /sth take time to do sth.是固定句式，意为“花时间做某事”，故填 to bake。 47考查副词。该空修饰形容词 undercooked（煎（或烤、炸） 得火候不足的）应用副词。故填 totally。 48 考查介词。 句意
