2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测专题10:语法填空之记叙文(1)解析版

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1、专题专题 10 语法填空之记叙文语法填空之记叙文 (2020 届河南省名校联盟高三联考) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A female Arctic fox traveled nearly 2, 200 miles in 76 daysfrom Norway to Canadaand surprised Norwegian scientists in the process. The fox 41 (equip) with a satellite transmitter by scientists at the Norwegian Polar Inst

2、itute, where scientists wanted 42 (survey) just how far Arctic foxes travel from their birthplace. They found their answer: In less than three months, it went from Spitsbergen, 43 island in northern Norway, to Ellesmere Island in the northeastern part of Canada. The fox moved 44 a rate of 29 miles a

3、 day. At its fastest, it traveled nearly 100 miles in a single day while 45 (cross) Greenland. It set a record for the fastest movement rate ever 46 (document) in an Arctic fox. This is among the longest 47 (event) ever recorded for an Arctic fox, covering extensive stretches of sea ice and glaciers

4、, wrote Norwegian scientists Eva Fuglei and Arnaud Tarroux in a report. The journey was among the longest recorded by scientists, 48 it also raises questions of the effects 49 climate changes have on sea ice and animals that navigate the Arctic. The Arctic 50 (current) faces its most excellent trans

5、ition in human history, said Emily Osborne of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 【答案】 41was equipped 42to survey 43an 44at 45crossing 46documented 47events 48but 49that/which 50currently 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了一只狐狸在 76 天里,从挪威到加拿大行进将近 2200 英里的故事。 41考查时态语态。分析句子可知,此处是主句谓语动词,由下文的 wanted 判断为一般

6、过去时,主语 the fox 和 equip 之间是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语是单数,故填 was equipped。 42考查固定短语。此处考查短语 want to do sth.“想要做某事”,故填 to survey。 43考查冠词。分析句子可知,此处作为 Spitsbergen 的同位语,意为“Spitsbergen,挪威北部的一个岛屿”是泛指,应用不定冠词,又 island 是元音音素开头,故填 an。 44考查介词。此处是固定搭配 at the rate of“以的速度”,故填 at。 45 考查状语从句的省略。 分析句子可知, 此处考查状语从句的省略, 原句为 At

7、 its fastest, it traveled nearly 100 miles in a single day while it was crossing Greenland。主从句主语都为 it,且从句中有 was,所以省略了 it was,用 crossing,故填 crossing。 46考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,此处是非谓语动词作后置定语,逻辑主语 rate 和 document之间是被动关系,应用过去分词,故填 documented。 47考查名词的数。among通常表达 “在众多的之中”,其后常跟复数名词,故填 events。 48考查并列连词。句意:这是科学家记录的最长

8、的旅途,但是它同时也提出了气候对海洋冰川和在北极航行的动物的影响问题。根据句意可知,上下文是转折关系,故填 but。 49考查定语从句。分析句子可知,此处是定语从句关系词,先行词 effects 在从句中充当 have 的宾语,应用关系代词,故填 that/which。 50考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词 face,故填 currently。 (2020 届河南省濮阳市高三第二次模拟) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式,并将答案填写在答题卡上。 Greta Thunberg, a 16-year-old Swedish climate change activ

9、ist, 41 (elect) as 2019s Person of The Year last week. In August 2018, tired of the refusal of world leaders 42 (take) action, the young girl started camping in front of the Swedish Parliament every Friday with 43 sign, which said: Schools Strike for Climate. The teens act soon spread quickly, 44 (i

10、nspire) kids and adults worldwide to take action. By September, 2018, her 45 (week) strike had become a worldwide climate change movement called Fridays for the Future, 46 tens of thousands of students skipping school on this day to condemn the inaction of the leaders of their respective countries.

11、The teenager, who has single-handedly helped bring climate change to the forefront of the global conversation, owes her 47 (succeed) to her Aspergers syndrome. She says, I see the world in black and white, and I dont like compromising. 48 I were like everyone else, I would have continued on and not

12、seen this. Though Thunberg does not have a magical cure for climate change, she 49 (believe) that climate change can be affected at a grassroots level by educating friends and electing 50 (politician) that support the cause. 【答案】 41was elected 42to take 43a 44inspiring 45weekly 46with 47success 48If

13、 49believes 50politicians 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述一个名叫 Greta Thunberg 的瑞典女孩,因政府对气候问题的不作为,她每周五拿着写有“学校为气候罢工”的标牌在议会门口露营。在她的影响下,成千上万的学生加入进来,以此敦促政府采取措施。因为这个举动,Greta Thunberg被评为 2019 年度人物。 41考查时态和语态。分析句子可知,此处是句子谓语动词,主语 Greta Thunberg 和 elect之间是被动关系,由 last week 判断为一般过去时,应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语是单数,故填 was elected。 42考查非谓语

14、动词。句意:在 2018年 8月,对世界领导拒绝采取行动感到厌烦,这个年轻的女孩开始每周五在瑞典议会门前露营,并拿着写着一个“学校为气候大罢工”的标牌。根据句意和结构可知,此处应用不定式作为名词 refusal 的后置定语,refusal to take action“拒绝采取行动”,故填 to take。 43考查冠词。句意:在 2018年 8 月,对世界领导决绝采取行动感到厌烦,这个年轻的女孩开始每周五在瑞典议会门前露营,并拿着写着一个“学校为气候大罢工”的标牌。sign 是可数名词,根据句意可知此处是泛指,应用不定冠词,又 sign 是辅音音素开头,故填 a。 44考查非谓语动词。分析句

15、子可知,此处应用非谓语动词作状语,逻辑主语 the teens act和 inspire之间是主动关系,应用现在分词,故填 inspiring。 45考查形容词。分析句子可知,此处应用形容词修饰名词 strike,weekly“每周的”,故填 weekly。 46考查介词。分析句子可知,此处考查 with 的复合结构作为伴随状语,即 with + n + doing,其中 doing 是宾补,和宾语之间是逻辑上的主动关系,with tons of thousands of students skipping school“成千上万的学生逃学”,故填 with。 47考查名词。分析句子可知,此处

16、应用名词作为动词 owe 的宾语,故填 success。 48考查连词。句意:她说:“我对这个世界的看法是非黑即白,我不喜欢妥协。如果我也像其他人那样,我会继续生活下去,不会看到这些。” 分析句子可知,此处是虚拟语气,再结合句意,可知用连词 if符合语境和语法,故填 If。 49考查动词。分析句子可知,此处是主句谓语动词,由上文的 does判断为一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词应用三单现形式,故填 believes。 50考查名词的数。结合上下文可知,此处意为“选举政治家”,故应用名词作 elect的宾语,且该名词作为定语从句的先行词,又由定语从句的谓语动词 support判断主语 t

17、hat指代复数名词,故politician 是复数,故填 politicians。 (2020 届黑龙江省实验校高三第二次模拟) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Im a Muslim. Once I was eating at a restaurant,where there was a father 41(seat)next to my desk with his two girls. I 42(overhear)their conversation. The girls were 43(constant)asking about everything

18、 and anything. And I was fascinated by their 44(curious). One of the girls looked at me and asked,Daddy,why is she wearing that way?Her dad responded 45 something that made my heart so warm. He said,There are different religions,cultures and languages. We have to respect and learn about them. He the

19、n went on 46 (share)his personal experience of living abroad and learning to speak Spanish. This reminded me of a Harvard study that I had read about. Children who 47(expose)to racism tend to accept and embrace 48as young as age 3,and in just a matter of days. Only at that time did I realize the imp

20、ortance of the way we teach children about love,acceptance,understanding and respect. It should start from an early age. The 49(early),the better. Kids imitate their parents views and behaviour. It is you 50are their role model. 【答案】 41seated 42overheard 43constantly 44curiosity 45with 46to share 47

21、are exposed 48it 49earlier 50that/who 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是两个小女孩在餐厅里好奇地询问事情的故事。在餐厅的作者那时才意识到我们教育孩子爱、接纳、理解和尊重的方式的重要性。 41考查过去分词作后置定语。句意:有一次我在一家餐馆吃饭,一位父亲和他的两个女儿坐在我的桌旁。 此处 seat是及物动词, 意思是“使坐下”, 和 father 之间是一种被动关系, 是过去分词作后置定语。故填 seated。 42考查一般过去时态。句意:我无意中听到了他们的谈话。此处“听到了他们的谈话”是已经过去的事情,句子应该用一般过去时态,故填 overheard。

22、 43 考查副词。 句意: 姑娘们持续不断地问一切事情。 此处 asking是动词, 由副词修饰, 故填 constantly。 44考查名词。介词 by 之后,用名词,此处 their 是形容词性的物主代词,修饰名词。故填 curiosity。 45 考查介词。句意: 她爸爸的回应让我的心很温暖。介词 with“和在一起,具有, 用”, 此处指“用”一些事情回应。故填 with。 46 考查固定搭配。 句意: 他接着分享了他在国外生活和学习西班牙语的个人经历。 固定搭配: go on doing sth.“继续做同一件事”;go on to do sth.“继续做另一件事”。此处指继续分享了

23、“另一件事”。故填 to share。 47考查固定搭配。句意:接触过种族主义的孩子在 3岁的时候就倾向于接受和拥抱它,而且在几天之内就会接受。固定搭配:be exposed to sth./doing sth.“曝光,暴露”。这里在说一个客观事实,且句子主语是 Children,复数形式,所以句子用一般现在时态的被动语态。故填 are exposed。 48考查代词 it的用法。句意:接触过种族主义的孩子在 3岁的时候就倾向于接受和拥抱它,而且在几天之内就会接受。此处用 it 指代前面的 racism。故填 it。 49考查形容词比较级。句意:越早越好。固定句型:the+比较级,the+比较

24、级“越越”。故填earlier。 50考查强调句型。句意:你才是他们的榜样。把 It is 和该空去掉,这个句子结构完整,语义清晰,所以判断出该句是强调句。强调句的基本结构是:it is/ was + 被强调部分+ that +句子的其他成分。如果被强调的部分是人, 也可以用 who 代替 that, 此处强调主语“you”, 强调部分指人。 故填 that/who。 (2020 届山西省太原市高三二模) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In August 2014, paleoanthropologist (古人类学家)Yingqi Zhang and

25、his team went down into a sinkhole on the hunt for Gigantopithecus, the largest known primate(灵长类动物)to ever live. They came back out with a mix of bones from the unfortunate 41 (creature) that had fallen into the natural death trap. None of those bones belonged to the extinct ape, but the team was i

26、n for a surprise: The mix included a 22,000-year-old lower jaw from 42 ancient panda. And within its worn edges, the jaw contained 43 is now the worlds oldest sample of panda DNAMoreover, the genetic evidence 44 (show) that the bone comes from a 45 (previous) unknown lineage of giant panda. This ani

27、mal may have been specifically adapted to46(live) in its subtropical home, suggesting that the black-and-white beasts were once much 47(diverse) than they are today, the authors argue in a paper 48 (publish) in the journal Current Biology. While the 49 (conclude) about panda diversity is probably no

28、t revolutionary, the teams work collecting ancient DNA from the degraded fossils is 50 great significance. 【答案】 41creatures 42an 43what 44shows 45previously 46living 47more diverse 48published 49conclusion 50of 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述 2014年 8月,古人类学家张英奇(音)和他的团队在寻找巨猿的经过以及新的发现。 41考查名词复数。句意:它们带着一堆不幸的落入自然“死亡陷阱”

29、的动物的骨头回来了。此处指的不止一个动物,所以名词用复数形式。故填 creatures。 42考查不定冠词。句意:其中包括 22000年前一只古代熊猫的下颚。此处 ancient 是以元音因素开头的单词,表示“一”时用 an。故填 an。 43考查宾语从句。句意:在它磨损的边缘,下巴包含了现在世界上最古老的熊猫 DNA样本。动词contained后面是宾语从句,从句缺少引导词,从句缺少主语,what其双重作用,故填 what。 44考查一般现在时态和主谓一致。句意:此外,遗传证据表明,这块骨头来自一个此前未知的大熊猫谱系。这是一个客观事实所以句子用一般现在时态,且主语是 evidence,单数

30、第三人称,故填 shows。 45考查副词。句意:此外,遗传证据表明,这块骨头来自一个此前未知的大熊猫谱系。此处 unknown是形容词,由副词修饰。故填 previously。 46考查非谓语动词。句意:作者在当代生物学杂志上发表的一篇论文中指出,这种动物可能特别适应了在亚热带的生活, 这表明这种黑白相间的动物曾经比现在更加多样化。 固定词组: adapt to sth./doing sth.“适应某事或做某事”,词组中 to 是介词,故填 living。 47考查比较级。句意:作者在当代生物学杂志上发表的一篇论文中指出,这种动物可能特别适应了在亚热带的生活,这表明这种黑白相间的动物曾经比现

31、在更加多样化。根据 than 可知此处用形容词比较级,diverse的比较级是 more diverse。故填 more diverse。 48考查过去分词作后置定语。句意:作者在当代生物学杂志上发表的一篇论文中指出,这种动物可能特别适应了在亚热带的生活,这表明这种黑白相间的动物曾经比现在更加多样化。此处 paper和publish 之间是被动关系,是过去分词作后置定语,故填 published。 49考查名词。句意:虽然关于大熊猫多样性的结论可能不是革命性的,但该团队从退化的化石中收集古代 DNA的工作具有重大意义。 定冠词 the 放在名词前面, 名词在句中作主语, 所给词 conclud

32、e 是动词,其名词形式是 conclusion。故填 conclusion。 50考查介词。句意:虽然关于大熊猫多样性的结论可能不是革命性的,但该团队从退化的化石中收集古代 DNA的工作具有重大意义。 固定搭配: be of great significance“非常有意义”, 此处是介词短语作表语。故填 of。 (2020 届安徽省淮南市高三第二次模拟) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Thirty years ago, an elderly Canadian couple undertook a unique project with the purp

33、ose of 41 (help) Canadians have a better understanding of China based on how the Chinese view themselves and the issues they face. Their efforts resulted 42 the birth of a 1985 book, Understanding China Through Cartoons. They 43 (official) donated it to China on June 10, 2019. 44 (promote) knowledge

34、 about China among Canadians, they 45 (found) the Society for a Better Understanding of China in the early 1970s, 46 is now noted as the Canada-China Friendship Society” The elderly couple 47 (be) determined to gift China with it as their admiration for Chinese culture-a role dating back thousands o

35、f years. “China is the only nation that has been able to maintain its cultural 48 (grow) for thousands of years,” the husband said. In fact, communication has been 49 best way to promote each others understanding and trust. We need 50 (many) people like the elderly Canadian couple as well as more in

36、stitutions like the Canada-China Friendship Society. 【答案】 41helping 42in 43officially 44To promote 45founded 46which 47were 48growth 49the 50more 【解析】本文为记叙文。文章叙述了 30 年前,加拿大一对老年夫妇开展了一项独特的项目,来帮助加拿大人更好地了解中国。在 1985年出版了通过卡通了解中国一书,并于 2019年 6 月 10日正式捐赠给中国,以此表达对中国的敬慕之情。 41考查介词宾语。句意:30年前,一对加拿大老夫妇进行了一项独特的项目,目

37、的是通过中国人如何看待自己和他们所面临的问题,来帮助加拿大人更好地了解中国。分析句子可知,空格处在句中作介词of 的宾语,可知要用动词的 ing形式,故填 helping。 42考查固定搭配。句意:他们的努力促成了 1985年通过漫画了解中国一书的诞生。“result in.”为固定搭配,意为“导致,促使”,故填 in。 43考查副词辨析。句意:他们于 2019 年 6月 10日正式将其捐赠给中国。分析句子可知,空格处在句中作状语,修饰动词 donated,修饰动词一般用副词,故填 officially。 44考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意:为了增进加拿大人对中国的了解,加拿大人于 20 世纪

38、 70 年代初成立了加中友好协会,现称加中友好协会。根据语境可知,此处表示目的状语,表目的要用动词不定式。本空处于句首,第一个字母要大写,故填 To promote。 45考查谓语动词的时态。句意:为了增进加拿大人对中国的了解,加拿大人于 20世纪 70年代初成立了加中友好协会,现称加中友好协会。根据时间状语“in the early 1970s”,要用一般过去时,故填 founded。 46考查定语从句。句意:为了增进加拿大人对中国的了解,加拿大人在 20 世纪 70 年代初成立了加中友好协会,现更名为加中友好协会。分析句子可知, 6 is now noted as the Canada-C

39、hina Friendship Society 是一个非限制性定语从句,空格处在句中指代前面的先行词 the Society for a Better Understanding of China ,先行词在定语从句中指物,作主语,可用 which,that 不能引导非限制性定语从句,故填 which。 47考查时态。句意:这对老夫妇决心把这个礼物送给中国,以表达他们对中国文化的敬仰。本句叙述的是过去的事,要用一般过去时,主语是复数,故填 were。 48考查名词。句意:中国是唯一一个几千年来一直保持文化发展的国家。分析句子可知,该空作动词 maintain 的宾语,用名词,故填 growth

40、。 49考查冠词。句意:事实上,交流一直是增进彼此理解和信任的最好方式。英语中形容词最高级前,要用定冠词 the,故填 the。 50考查比较级。句意:我们需要更多像加拿大老夫妇这样的人,需要更多像加中友协这样的机构。根据句意以及”“as well as more institutions”,可知填比较级,故填 more。 (2020 届河北衡水中学高三第二次联考) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 I have made all my final preparations for my first solo concert tour in China. It

41、 will be an incredible honor spreading my love for Hawaiian music and culture to new audiences in Shanghai. I will be performing solo concerts at symphony halls in 41 city. I have an 42 (extreme) interesting family connection to Shanghai. My grandfather 43(raise) there because his great grandfather

42、moved to China in the mid-19th century 44 (establish) the first hospital and university of Western medicine in China. It was called Saint Lukes. The campus 45 (be) still there in Shanghai and has been preserved from the time it was built in the 1880s. My grandfather moved back 46 the U. S. after hig

43、h school and made his way to Harvard. He and his brother moved to Hawaii and both were 47 (doctor) on Oahu Maui and the Big Island. This tour will be very 48 (mean) for my family. I will visit the university campus while in Shanghai. I feel like a family history detective” 49 (explore) my family roo

44、ts. The concerts will be a great way for me to share my “hello” with the people of China and introduce Hawaiian music to many 50 have not heard it. I will be doing TV and radio interviews and performances along the way. Let the adventure begin! 【答案】 41the/that 42extremely 43was raised 44to establish

45、 45is 46to 47doctors 48meaningful 49exploring 50who/that 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者来中国上海演出之前的所思所想由于与这座城市之间特殊的家庭渊源,这次演出更像是一次寻根之旅。 41考查冠词/代词。句意:我将在那个城市的交响乐厅举行独奏音乐会。此处用定冠词 the 特指前面提到的“Shanghai”,也可用指示代词 that 表示“那个”,故填 the/that。 42 考查副词。 句意: 我和上海有一个非常有趣的家庭渊源。 修饰形容词 interesting 用副词, 故填 extremely。 43考查时态语态。句意:我祖父是

46、在那里长大的,因为他的曾祖父在 19 世纪中叶移居中国,为的是在那里建立第一所医院和西医大学。讲述的是过去的事情,主语 My grandfather 与 raise 之间是被动关系,所以用一般过去时的被动语态,且谓语动词用单数,故填 was raised。 44考查不定式。句意同上,根据句意可知此处表示目的,用不定式作目的状语,故填 to establish。 45考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这所大学的校园至今仍在上海,从 19 世纪 80 年代建成时就保存下来了。陈述的是现在的事情,用一般现在时,主语是 The campus,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故填 is。 46考查固定短语。句意:我

47、祖父高中毕业后搬回了美国,并进入了哈佛大学。move back to 表示“搬回到、重返”,故填 to。 47考查名词的数。句意:他和哥哥搬到了夏威夷,两人是瓦胡毛伊岛和大岛的医生。doctor 是可数名词,此处表示两位医生,应该用复数形式,故填 doctors。 48考查形容词。句意:这次旅行对我们家意义重大。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,此处缺少形容词作表语,故填 meaningful。 49考查非谓语动词。句意:我感觉自己像个家族史侦探,在探询自己的家族根源。分析句子结构可知此处使用非谓语动词, detective 与 explore 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系, 表示主动, 用现在分词作后置定语,故填 exploring。 50考查定语从句。句意:这几场音乐会将是我向中国人民问好以及把夏威夷音乐介绍给许多没有听过它的人的很好的方式。此处为定语从句,关系词指代先行词 many(指人),并在从句中作主语,故填who/that。

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