1、 Unit 13 We are trying to save the earth! 词句精讲精词句精讲精 词汇精讲词汇精讲 1. advantage advantage 是名词，意为“优点；好处；有利条件 ” 。例如： This bicycle has many advantages. 这辆自行车有许多优点。 Studying English has many advantages. 学习英语有许多好处。 【拓展】 disadvantage 是 advantage 的反义词，意为“缺点；弊端；不利条件” 。例如： When you visit France, it is a disadvant
2、age if you cannot speak French. 当你访问法国时，如果你不会讲法语，那可是个不利条件。 2. instead of instead of 是介词短语，意为“代替，而不是” ，后面可以跟与前面并列成分相应的名词、代词、动词-ing 形式等作为介词宾语。例如： He went to the cinema instead of going to school. 他去了电影院而不是学校。 【拓展】 (1) instead 作副词，意为“代替，而不是” ，常用作状语。例如： He is tired. Let me go instead. 他累了，让我替他去吧。 She ne
3、ver studies. Instead, she plays tennis all day. 她从不学习，而是整天打网球。 (2)instead 和 instead of 的辨析： instead 是副词，后面不接其他的词，一般情况下可不译出，通常放在句首或句末，在句首时常用逗号隔 开，表示前面的事没做，而做了后面的事。例如： He didnt go to school. Instead, he went to the cinema. 他没有去学校，相反他去了电影院。 Instead of lending a hand, he laughed at us.他不仅没有帮我们一把，反而嘲笑我们。
4、 3. cut off cut off 是固定搭配，意为“切除；切掉” 。例如： The slide cut off the valley from the rest of the world. 山崩切断了这个山谷与外界的联系。 【拓展】 “动词 + off”构成的短语有： take off 起飞，脱下 put off 推迟 turn off 关闭 get off 下车 fall off从掉下来 break off 终止 pay off 付清 4. make a difference make a difference 意为“起作用，有影响” 。例如： The fact that I can
5、now organize my own time makes a big difference. 现在我能自己安排时间了，这对我有很大的作用。 Whatever you can do can make a difference. 无论你能做什么，都会带来不同。 5. the number of the number of 意为“的数量” ，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： The number of people speaking Chinese is larger than that of those speaking English. 说汉语的人数要大于说 英语的人数。 【拓展
6、】 a number of 意为“许多” ，后面接可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。number 前面可以用 large， great，small 等修饰，构成 a large number of; a small number of 等。例如： I have a number of letters to write. 我有许多信件要写。 A large number of students in our school are from the countryside. 我们学校许多学生来自农村。 A small number of students in our class went
7、swimming yesterday. 昨天我们班一小部分学生去游泳了。 6. although although 的意思相当于 though，意为“尽管，虽然” ，用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不能与并列 连词 but; and; so 等连用，但可以和 yet; still 等词连用。例如： Although he lives alone, he doesnt feel lonely.= He lives alone, but he doesnt feel lonely. 虽然他一个人住，但他并不感到孤独。 There is air all around us, although w
8、e cannot see it. 虽然我们看不见空气，但空气却存在于我们的周围。 【拓展】although 与 though 的辨析： (1) 用作连词，表示“虽然” ，二者可以互换使用，但 although 比 though 更为正式。例如： Though/Although it was raining, we still went there. 虽然下着雨，但我们还是去了那里。 (2) although 一般不用作副词，而 though 可用作副词，且一般放在句末（不放在句首） ，意为“可是，不过” 。 例如： Its hard work; I enjoy it, though. 工作很辛
9、苦，可是我很喜欢。 We all tried our best. We lost the game, though. 我们都尽力最大努力，但我们还是输了。 (3) 在 as though(好像，仿佛)，even though(即使，纵然)等固定短语中不能用 although。例如： He talks as though he knew everything. 他夸夸其谈，好像无所不知。 7. take part in take part in 意为“参加” ，常指参加群众性的活动、会议、劳动、游行等，往往指参加者持有积极的态 度，起一定作用。take part in 之后接名词或动名词。例如：
10、 I didnt take part in the sports meeting yesterday because I was ill. 我没有参加昨天的运动会，因为我病了。 Everyone can take part in gardening. 每个人都可以参加到园艺活动中来。 【拓展】join 是动词， 意为 “加入” 。 指加入某一党派、组织或社会团体，以及参军等， 并成为其中一员。 其后常出现 club, army, team, group 以及人称代词宾格等。例如： join the swimming club 参加游泳俱乐部 join the army 参军 join us 加
11、入到我们的行列 8. afford afford 常用作及物动词，意为“买(经受)得起；给予，提供”，其后常接名词、代词或动词不定式作 宾语，afford 后还可接双宾语。 This kind of computer is too expensive and I cant afford it这种电脑太贵了，我买不起。 At last I can afford a watch我终于买得起一只手表了。 I could not afford so much money for a bicycle我出不起那么多钱买一辆自行车。 Ill afford you a chance我将给你提供一个机会。 词汇
12、精练词汇精练 I. 英汉互译。英汉互译。 1. make a difference _ 2. cut off _ 3. lead to_ 4. be full of _ 5. take part in_ 6. 关闭_ 7. hear of _ 8. 扔掉_ 9. 对有害_ 10. be made of _ II. 根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。 1. I have a simple and easy m_ to solve the problem. 2. We shouldnt be _ (残忍的) to animals. 3. Its h_
13、to your health to drink too much. 4. The city is the _ (工业) center of the country. 5. The car is too expensive, I cant a_ it. 6. Dont throw _ (垃圾) everywhere. 7. In winter, many people burn c_ to keep warm. 8. The police found a body at the _ (底部) of the lake. 9. The _ (费用) of living in big cities i
14、s very high. 10. He keeps a rabbit in a big _ (木制的) box. III. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The old man used _ (be) a teacher. 2. We should _ (clean) the room every day. 3. Look! Tom _ (sleep) in his room. 4. Lots of trees _ (plant) on the hill every year. 5. He _ (live) here for 20 years. 参考答
15、案参考答案 I. 英汉互译。英汉互译。 1. 起作用，有影响 2. 切除，切掉 3. 导致 4. 充满 5. 参加 6. turn off 7. 听说 8. throw away 9. be harmful to 10. 由制成 II. 根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。 1. method 2. cruel 3. harmful 4. industry 5. afford 6. litter 7. coal 8. bottom 9. cost 10. wooden III. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.
16、to be 2. clean 3. is sleeping 4. are planted 5. has lived 句式精讲句式精讲 1. And remember to throw rubbish in the bins and keep public places clean and beautiful for everyone. remember 作动词，意为“记得” 。与 forget 意思相反。例如： Please remember his name. 请记得他的名字。 【拓展】 （1）remember to do sth.表示“记得要做某事” ，事情还没有做。例如： Remembe
17、r to turn off the light when you leave. 离开时记得关灯。 （2）remember doing sth.表示“记得曾经做过某事” ，事情已经做过了。例如： He remembered going to Shanghai with his parents when he was five years old. 他记得五岁时曾经和父母去过上海。 2. Many have heard of shark fin soup. hear of 意为“听说，听到” ，相当于 hear about。 例如： I have never heard of him. 我从来没听
18、人说起过他。 【拓展】hear; hear of 与 hear from 的辨析： (1) hear“听见，听说” 。当“听见”讲时，强调结果，可直接带宾语或用于 hear sb. / sth. do/ doing sth.意为“听 见某人/某物（在）做某事” ，当“听说”时，后面常接从句。例如： Can you hear a bird singing in the tree now? 你现在能听见鸟在树上唱歌吗？ I heard that she passed the exam. 我听说她通过考试了。 (2) hear of“听说，得知” ，后面接名词或代词，指听到某人或某事的存在或消息。例
19、如： Jim disappeared and nobody heard of him. Jim 不知去向，没有人再听到他的消息。 (3) hear from“收到来信” ，后面常接人作宾语。例如： Have you ever heard from your pen pal? 你是否收到过笔友的来信。 3. Its good for health and it doesnt cost anything. cost 是动词，意为“花费” 。它的主语一般是事物，其后接表示金钱的名词作宾语。例如： The coat cost me 200 yuan. 那件外套花了我 200 元。 【拓展】表示“花费”
20、的 spend、take、cost 和 pay 的辨析： 词语 主语 结构 spend 人(sb.) sb. spends + 时间或金钱+ (in) doing sth. /on sth. take it 作形式主语 It takes sb. some time to do sth.(真正主语) pay 人(sb.) sb. pays + 金钱+ for sth. cost sth.(物) sth. costs sb. + 金钱 例如： I spent 3 hours (in) doing /on my homework yesterday. 昨天我花了三个小时做作业。 It took me
21、 four hours to go to Wuhan by bus. 乘公共汽车去武汉花了我四个小时。 I paid six yuan for the pen. 我花了六元钱买这支笔。 My English book cost me five yuan. 我的英语书花了我五元钱。 4. What about waste pollution? What about 意为“怎么样？” ，可用来询问有关情况、提出建议或征求意见等。about 是介词，后面接 名词、代词或动名词，即： what about + sb./sth. (可接表示人或物的名词及代词) what about + doing st
22、h. 例如： What about sitting in the garden? 在花园里坐坐怎么样？ Im going to the park. What about you? 我要去公园，你呢？ What about your exam last week, Tom? Tom，你上周考试怎么样？ 【拓展】 What about?与 How about 通常可以互换，后接名词、代词或动名词，但不能接动词不定式或动词原形。 5. They have even asked governments to develop laws to stop the sale of shark fins. as
23、k sb. to do sth.为固定结构，意为“要求某人做某事” ，其否定形式为 ask sb. not to do sth.，意为“要求某人 别做某事” 。例如： He asks Tom to stay with him. 他要求汤姆跟他一起留下。 Miss Zhang asks Jack not to come late again. 张老师要求杰克不要再迟到了。 【拓展】ask 的常见搭配： (1) 与介词 for 连用，有“要求得到”的意思。例如： Mary asks her father for money. 玛丽向她父亲要钱。 (2) 与 about 连用，表示询问或打听关于某事
24、的情况。例如： Uncle Hill asked about you the other day. 前些日子希尔大叔问起过你。 句式精练句式精练 I. 根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词） 。根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词） 。 1. 多一个人少一个人无所谓。 One person wouldnt _ _ _. 2. 这个木箱装满了书。 The _ box _ _ _ books. 3. 这条小路通向公园。 The path _ _ the park. 4. 我错拿了你的包。 I took your bag _ _ mine by mistake. 5. 我从没听说过这个人。 I ha
25、ve never _ _such a man. 6. 到目前为止，我已经交了二十个朋友。 _ _, I have made twenty friends. 7. 我们必须采取行动来阻止他们。 We must _ _ to stop them. 8. 她扔掉了昨天的报纸。 She _ _ yesterdays newspaper. 9. 请别将杯子倒置。 Please dont turn the cup _ _. 10. 我在新的工作中充分地利用了我的经验。 I _ my experience _ _ _in my new work. II. 将下面的句子改为同义句。将下面的句子改为同义句。 1
26、. Both Tom and I were in the school library yesterday. _ _ Tom _ _ I was in the school library yesterday. 2. Reading in bed does harm to your eyes. Reading in bed _ _ _ your eyes. 3. The old car caused me lots of trouble. The old car caused _ _ trouble _ me. 4. He spent ten yuan on the book. He _ te
27、n yuan _ the book. 5. My hair needs cutting. My hair needs _ _ _. III. 补全对话。补全对话。 请阅读下面对话，从方框内 7 个选项中选择 5 个恰当的句子完成对话。其中有两个句子是多余的。 （D=Darren, C= Carol） D: Hi, Carol! 1 C: Oh, hi, Darren. Im just getting ready for the Red Nose Day concert tomorrow. D: Oh, really? Well, Im free this afternoon. 2 C: Act
28、ually, Ive nearly finished. Jim and I are going to put up some ads later, though. Could you please help us with that? D: 3 C: Thats wonderful! Oh, theres one more thing. Would you mind coming early tomorrow to help sell tickets at the door? D: Not at all, 4 C: Around six would be great. D: OK. 5 C:
29、Great. Thanks, Darren. A. No problem. B. See you then. C. Of course not. D. What are you doing? E. Can I give you a hand? F. What time shall I be there? G. Have you finished your homework? 参考答案参考答案 I. 根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词） 。根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词） 。 1. make a difference 2. wooden; is full of/filled with 3. leads to 4. instead of 5. heard of/about 6. So far 7. take actions 8. threw away 9. upside down 10. put; to good use II. 句型转换，每空一词。句型转换，每空一词。 1. Not only; but also 2. is harmful to 3. lots of; to 4. paid; for 5. to be cut III. 补全对话。补全对话。 1-5 DEAFB
