1、 Unit 13 Were trying to save the earth! 课时课时 3 Grammar 一、现在进行时一、现在进行时 1. 概念：表示说话时正在进行的动作及行为或表示现阶段正在进行的动作。 2. 结构：现在进行时常有三种句型： （1）肯定式：主语bev-ing其他。 He is mending his bike. 他正在修自行车。 （2）否定式：主语benotv-ing其他。 He is not（isnt）mending his bike. 他没在修自行车。 （3）疑问式：主要分一般疑问句和特殊疑问句两种句式。 一般疑问句：Be主语v-ing其他? Is he mendi
2、ng his bike? 他正在修自行车吗？ Yes, he is. / No, he isnt. 特殊疑问句：疑问词be主语v-ing其他？ What is he doing? 他正在干什么？ 3. 常用的时间状语有：now，at the moment，right now，these days 等。在句首出现 look 或 listen 时，也可以 判断出后面的句子用现在进行时。 She is watching TV now. 她现在正在看电视。 Listen! Whos singing in the classroom? 听！谁正在教室里唱歌？ 二、二、现在完成时现在完成时 1. 概念：表
3、示过去发生或已经发生的某一动作对现在造成的结果或影响，可以和 already，yet，just 连用。 2. 构成：助动词 have / has +过去分词。 I have already posted the photos. 我已经把照片寄了。 （照片已不在我这儿了） Have you had your lunch yet? 你已经吃过午饭了？ Yes, I have. Ive just had it. 是的，我吃了。我刚刚吃的。 （现在不饿了） 3. 常用的时间状语：already，yet，just，ever，never，before；this morning（week，month.） ，
4、today， now；up to now，till now，so far，in the past few（two，three.）years 等。 4. 延续性动词与非延续性动词 现在完成时中非延续性动词不可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。此时应将非延续性动词转换为延 续性动词，转换情况可见下表： 非延续性动 词（短语） 延续性动词 （短语） 例句 borrow keep He has been away for a week. 他离开有一周了。 How long have you kept the book? 你借这本书多长时间了？ buy have die be dead get (to)
5、be (in) leave be away become be fall asleep be asleep begin be on go out be out join be a member of put on wear 【注意】在否定句中，短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。 I havent borrowed a book for a long time. 我好长时间没借过书了。 5. 现在完成时的三个固定结构： （1）have / has been to 表示某人曾经去过某地，现在已不在某地。可以和表示次数的单词或短语连用，如 once，twice，three times 等。 I
6、 have been to the USA twice. 我去过美国两次。 （2）have / has gone to 表示某人去某地了，可能在途中，也可能到了那里，总之不在说话处。 Wheres Jim? 吉姆在哪里？ He has gone to the library. 他去图书馆了。 （3）have / has been in 表示某人在某地待了一段时间，经常与for+一段时间连用。 We have been in this city for three years. 我们在这个城市待了三年了。 三、被动语态三、被动语态 主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，
7、主动语态句中的主语成为被 动语态句中的动作的发出者。 1. 基本结构：is / am / are +及物动词的过去分词 2. 主动语态与被动语态之间的转换 We visited that factory last summer. 主动语态 That factory was visited by us last summer. 被动语态 【巧记口诀】【巧记口诀】 主动语态变被动语态口诀主动语态变被动语态口诀 宾语提前主语变， 原主变宾 by 后见， 时态人称 be 关键。 【易错提醒】【易错提醒】把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要 与新主语保持一致。
8、 3. 感官动词（hear，see，watch 等）或使役动词（make，let 等）在主动句中，其后的动词不定式不带 to， 但在变为被动语态时必须使用 to。 make somebody do something somebody + be + made to do something see somebody do something somebody + be + seen to do something A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by. 一个女孩经过的时候看见我的钱包掉了。 My wallet was seen to drop
9、 by a girl when she passed by. 一、单项选择。一、单项选择。 1.（2016北京中考）Please dont make so much noise. The baby_ now. A. sleeps B. slept C. will sleep D. is sleeping 2.（2016福建厦门中考） Its the second time I came to Xiamen. It _ a lot. Yes, its more and more beautiful. A. was changing B. has changed C. will change 状语
10、 宾语 谓语 主语 状语 宾语 谓语 主语 3.（2016云南昆明中考）Look! A dog_ a blind man across the road. A. leads B. lead C. is leading D. led 4.（2016北京中考）Its nice to see you again. We_ each other since 2014. A. wont see B. dont see C. havent seen D. didnt see 5.（2016贵州黔东南州中考）Hurry up! We_ for you at the gate. Im sorry. Im co
11、ming soon. A. wait B. will wait C. have been waited D. are waiting 6.（2016贵州黔南州中考）Nancy_ for five years. A. was dying B. has died C. died D. has been dead 7.（2016江苏徐州中考）When you are home, give me a call to let me know you_ safely. A. arrived B. have arrived C. will arrive D. are arriving 8.（2016山东菏泽
12、中考）When you go abroad, youll find that so many products in local shops_ in China. A. make B. have made C. are made 9.（2016湖北黄冈中考）Where are you going, Bob? To go hiking. Eric_ for me at the school gate! A. was waiting B. waits C. waited D. is waiting 10.（2016湖北黄冈中考）How do you like Treasure Island, Lu
13、cy？ Its so exciting that I_ it twice. A. am reading B. have read C. was reading D. had read 11. （ 2016 黑 龙 江 龙 东 中 考 ） Though she often makes her little brother_, she was made_ by him this morning. A. cry；to cry B. to cry；cry C. cry；cry 12.（2016湖北黄石中考）This museum_ here for over 80 years. It_ one of
14、the oldest buildings in this city. A. is；was B. had been；is C. was；has been D. has been；is 二、阅读理解。二、阅读理解。 A Junior school students in Harbin, Heilongjiang, had along weekend. They had four days off from Oct. 19 to Oct. 22. It was not for any festival, but was caused by serious smog. The smog was cau
15、sed by high levels of PM 2.5 in the air. PM 2.5 is small particles(微粒) of pollution in the air with a diameter(直径)of 2.5 micrometers or less. Waste gas from cars and factories is the biggest cause of PM 2.5 pollution. On Oct. 17, the World Health Organization named air pollution a cause of cancer. T
16、o better protect children, cities are taking action. On Oct. 21, Harbin Education Bureau decided to close primary and junior high schools for two days. Beijing started a program on Oct. 22 which has a warning system with four levels. The red warning is the highest warning level. It means that the ne
17、xt three days will see serious pollution. When a red warning is issued(发布), schools will be closed for a few days. If theres pollution thats not so serious, the Beijing Commission of Education will not ask schools to stop PE classes and outdoor activities. How will students be informed? First, the C
18、ommission of Education will inform schools online, Ye Yan, head of Beijing Shijingshanqu Experimental Primary School. told Beijing Times. Then teachers will text studentsparents. Will the days off affect the study plan? Missing school days will be made up during the summer or winter vacations,said W
19、ang Hao, a physical education teacher in Beijing Chaoyang District. For students in Harbin who had the long weekend, they would go to school on the next two Saturdays. 1. Why did students in Harbin have a long weekend? A. Because the weather was extremely cold. B. Because a special festival came. C.
20、 Because the winter vacation began. D. Because there happened serious smog. 2. Which of the following is TRUE about PM 2.5? A. It makes water polluted. B. People can see it with eyes. C. It only comes from factories. D. It can cause serious diseases. 3. When a red warning is issued in Beijing, what
21、will happen? A. All of the work will be stopped. B. People arent allowed to go outside. C. Schools will be closed for a few days. D. Air pollution will be seen in a few weeks. 4. What does the underlined wordtextmean in Chinese? A. 写信 B. 发信息 C. 写文章 D. 发邮件 5. What is the reading mainly about? A. What
22、 PM 2.5 is made up of. B. How people right against air pollution. C. What influence the smog brings to schools. D. How schools deal with the missing school days. B What does it mean to be green? Greenis more than just a color. It also means taking special steps to protect the environmentthe water, t
23、he land, and the air we breathe. Why green? Plants are green, and without them the earth wouldnt be such a lovely home for us human beings. Sometimes people call ours a throwaway society. That means we are always throwing away old things and buying new ones. Many times, if you no longer need somethi
24、ng, someone else just might need it. For example, if your brother is old enough not to play with his plastic bike, why not give it to another family who has a little kid so that they dont need to buy one? And one less large plastic toy doesnt need to be produced. Recycling(回收利用) has never been easie
25、r. Many organizations will pick it up right in front of your house and some towns even require(要求) it. Tell your mom or dad you want to becomeChief of Recyclingfor your family. Now that you know what things you can recycle, find a place to keep them. Make sure you encourage everyone in your house to
26、 think whether things can be reused or recycled before theyre thrown away. Almost everyone likes traveling. But next time before you travel around the world, take a look at your own backyard. Is there a place where you could plant a tree or put in a little fruit or vegetable garden? If so, get there
27、 and get your hands dirty. Then you can watch with pride as your tree takes root, and your garden plants grow into big plants full of ripe, red tomatoes or tiny, juicy blueberries. Who knew being green would taste so good? 6. In the first paragraph, the writer introduces the topic of the passage by
28、_. A. telling an interesting story B. explaining the wordgreen C. giving some special examples 7. In athrowawaysociety, _. A. people shouldnt produce any plastic things B. people can get anything they want from others C. people always throw away the used things and buy new ones 8. To beChief of Recy
29、cling, you should _. A. recycle things all by yourself B. ask your family to use the old things all the time C. find a place to keep the things that can be recycled 9. You are advised to run a fruit or vegetable garden in order to _. A. creat a green environment B. make a lot of money C. get your ha
30、nds dirty 10. The purpose of the passage is to tell us that _. A. we must enjoy nature B. we had better eat more green food C. we should protect our environment 一、单项选择。一、单项选择。 1. D 【解析】句意：请不要发出那么多噪音。那个婴儿现在正在睡觉。根据时间副词 now 可知此处用现 在进行时 is sleeping，故选 D。 2. B 【解析】句意：这是我第二次来厦门。它已经变了很多。是的，它越来越漂亮了。根据 Yes,
31、its more and more beautiful.可知此处描述厦门现在的情况，故用现在完成时，故选 B。 3. C 【解析】句意：看！一条狗在引导一位盲人过马路。A. leads 第三人称单数的一般现在时形式；B. lead 非第三人称单数的一般现在时形式；C. is leading 现在进行时形式；D. led 一般过去时形式。看得到， 说明动作正在发生，句子用现在进行时态。故选 C。 4. C 【解析】句意：很高兴再次见到你。自从 2014 年我们彼此没有见过。根据时间状语 since 2014 可知 此处用现在完成时 have done，故选 C。 5. D 【解析】句意：赶快！我
32、们在门口等你。对不起，我很快就来。A. wait 一般现在时态形式； B. will wait 一般将来时态形式；C. have been waited 现在完成时态的被动语态形式；D. are waiting 现 在进行时态形式。催促赶快，因为正在外面等，句子用现在进行时态。故选 D。 6. D 【解析】句意：南希去世五年了。A.was dying 过去进行时态；B.has died 现在完成时态；C.died 一般 过去时态；D.has been dead 现在完成时态。句子强调的是过去开始的动作或状态一直延续到现在，句 子用现在完成时态； die 是一个非延续性动词， 不能与表示一段时间
33、的状语 for连用， 用成 be dead。 故选 D。 8. C 【解析】句意：当你去国外时，你会在当地商店里看到那么多中国制造的商品。主语 products 是谓语 动词 make 的承受者，句子用被动语态，故选 C。 9. D 【解析】句意：鲍勃，你要去哪里？去徒步旅行。埃里克正在校门口等着我。根据 Where are you going，Bob?可知他要出发，因此埃里克正在等着他，因此用现在进行时 is waiting，故选 D。 10. B 【解析】句意：露西，你认为金银岛怎么样？它是如此令人激动以至于我读了两次。 根据 twice 可知已经发生了，此处要用现在完成时，故为 have
34、 read，选 B。 11. A 【解析】句意：虽然她经常使他的弟弟哭，但是今天早上她被他弄哭了。使某人做某事：make sb do sth（后跟省略 to 的不定式作宾语补足语） ，在变为被动语态时，要用带 to 的不定式，即：be made to do sth。故选 A。 12. D 【解析】句意：博物馆在这儿有八十多年了。它是这座城市最古老的建筑之一。前句表示从过去一 直延续到现在的状态，用现在完成时态；后句表示的是现在的状态，用一般现在时态。故选 D。 二、阅读理解二、阅读理解。 A 1. D【解析】由第一段中的It was not for any festival，but was c
35、aused by serious smog. 可知答案为 D。 2. D【解析】通读第三段可推断，选项 D 是正确的描述。 3. C【解析】由文章中的When a red warning is issued，schools will close. 可知答案为 C。 4. B【解析】结合上下文描述可知，然后老师会给学生家长发信息。故答案为 B。 5. C【解析】通读全文可知，本文讲述了雾霾对学校带来的影响。故答案为 C。 B 6. B【解析】通读第一段可知，本段解释了 green 的含义。故答案为 B。 8. C【解析】由第三段中的Now that you know what things you can recycle，find a place to keep them. 以及 其后的描述可知答案为 C。 9. A 【解析】 在第四段中的Is there a place where you could plant a tree or put in a little fruit or vegetable garden? 可推断，建议种植一片果园或菜园是为了创建一个绿色的环境。故答案为 A。 10. C【解析】通读全文可知，本文教育我们要保护环境。故答案为 C。
