【语法专项突破】第10讲动词语态2020-2021学年中考英语复习针对性研究（全国通用）

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1、返回导航上一页下一页第二部分第二部分语法专项突破语法专项突破第十讲第十讲动词语态动词语态中考加油 D R EA M 返回导航上一页下一页 01 高频考点解读 PART ONE 02 高频考点精讲 PART TWO 03 精选考题测评 PART THREE 目录 CONTENTSCONTENTS 奋斗中考精彩未来返回导航上一页下一页从近 7 年的真题来看，动词的语态命题特点有： 1对语态的考查集中在单项选择和词语运用中。 2只考查三种一般时的被动语态以及情态动词的被动语态。高频考点：一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态。返回导航上一页下一页动词语态用法的重

2、点动词语态用法的重点英语中动词有两种语态英语中动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。返回导航上一页下一页 1被动语态的构成被动语态的构成被动语态由被动语态由“be及物动词的过去分及物动词的过去分词词”构成。构成。be 有人称、数和时态有人称、数和时态的变化的变化，其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的变化规则与其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的变化规则与 be 作为系动词时完全一作为系动词时完全一样。各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构如下表样。各种时态的主

3、动、被动语态的结构如下表(以动词以动词 do 为例为例)：返回导航上一页下一页例句例句时态时态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般一般现在时现在时 do/does am/is/are done She washes the dishes. The dishesare washedby her. 返回导航上一页下一页一般过去时 did was/were done He made the kite. The kite was made by him. 一般将来时 will/shall/ be going todo will/shall

4、/ be going tobe done They will plant trees tomorrow. Trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 返回导航上一页下一页现在现在完成时完成时 have/has done have/has been done Amy has finished the work. The work has been finished by Amy. 含情态含情态动词动词 can/may/ must 等等 do can/may/ must 等等 be done I can find him. He can be foun

5、d by me. 返回导航上一页下一页 2.被动语态的用法被动语态的用法 (1)不知道谁是动作的执行者不知道谁是动作的执行者 eg.：The watch is made in China.这块手表是在中国制造的。这块手表是在中国制造的。(不知是不知是谁制谁制造的造的) (2)没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者 eg.：More trees must be planted every year.每年必须种更多的树。每年必须种更多的树。(没没必要指出树是由谁种的必要指出树是由谁种的) 返回导航上一页下一页 (3)只需强调动作的承受者 eg.：Chinese is

6、spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来越多的人说汉语。(强调汉语的使用广泛) (4)用于特殊句型“Its believed/reported/suggested/saidthat ”中，意为“据信、据报道、据建议、据说”。 eg.：It is believed that there is life in outer space.人们相信地球外的空间存在着生命。返回导航上一页下一页 3主动语态与被动语态的转换主动语态与被动语态的转换 (1)一般主动语态变被动语态一般主动语态变被动语态把主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语；若主

7、动句中的宾语是人称把主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语；若主动句中的宾语是人称代词代词，要将宾格变为主格。要将宾格变为主格。把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语；若主动句中的主语为人称把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语；若主动句中的主语为人称代词代词，要将主格变为宾格要将主格变为宾格，并且由并且由 by 引导。引导。返回导航上一页下一页谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。 eg.：They planted a tree.Atree was planted by them.他们种了一棵树。转换图示：返回导航上一页下一页 (2)带双宾语的主动语态变被动语态带双宾语的主动语态变被动语态

8、谓语动词带双宾语时谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可以将直接也可以将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化成主语宾语转化成主语，则保留间接宾语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词 to 或或 for。 eg.：She gave me a book.I was given a book by her.(间接宾语间接宾语 me 为主语为主语)/A book was given to me by her.(直接宾语

9、直接宾语 a book 为主语为主语)她给了我她给了我一本书。一本书。返回导航上一页下一页 (3)带动词短语的主带动词短语的主动语态变被动语态动语态变被动语态许多由不及物动词加上副词或介词构成的动词短语许多由不及物动词加上副词或介词构成的动词短语，相当于及物动词相当于及物动词，可以接宾语可以接宾语，也可以有被动语态。也可以有被动语态。 eg.：We should take care of the old people.The old people should be taken care of by us.(of 不可省略不可省略)我们应该照顾好老人。我们应该照顾好老人。返回导航

10、上一页下一页【注意】主动句中的宾语补足语如果是不带 to 的不定式，如 make/see/feel/hear/notice/sb. do sth.等，在变被动句时，要加上 to。 e g.： They heard a girl sing in the next room.Agirl was heard to sing in the next room (by them)他们听到隔壁房间有个女孩在唱歌。返回导航上一页下一页动词语态用法的难点动词语态用法的难点 1有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 (1)当当 write，sell，wash 等用作不及物

11、动词且表示主语的某种等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时属性时，多与副词多与副词 well，quickly 等连用。等连用。 eg.：The book sells quickly.这书卖得很快。这书卖得很快。 The cloth washes well.这种布料好洗。这种布料好洗。 (2)“be worth doing”结构结构 eg.：The idea is well worth considering.这个想法很值得考虑。这个想法很值得考虑。返回导航上一页下一页 (3)“need/require doing”结构结构，可表示可表示 to be done 的含义。的含义。 eg.：

12、That car needs repairing.That car needs to be repaired.那辆车那辆车需需要修理。要修理。 (4)主系表结构主系表结构 eg.：The soup tastes delicious.这汤尝起来味道很好。这汤尝起来味道很好。返回导航上一页下一页 2形容词形容词 cheap，comfortable，dangerous，important，interesting， nice 等接不定式作状语时等接不定式作状语时，不定式的主动形式表被动意义。不定式的主动形式表被动意义。 eg.：A bicycle is cheap to run.骑自行车是很经

13、济的。骑自行车是很经济的。 This question is difficult to answer.这个问题很难回答。这个问题很难回答。返回导航上一页下一页 1Where is your book report？Did your dog eat it again? No，italmost，and then my computer just died on me! A/；finishesB/；finished Cis；finishedDwas；finished D 返回导航上一页下一页 2Why are you leaving your job? I cant stand it an

14、y longer.Ialwaysto work overtime. Aam；askingBam；asked Cwas；askingDwas；asked B 返回导航上一页下一页 3We are going to take the high- speed train to Xian tomorrow，so an early arrival at the station AadvisesBis advised Cis advisingDwas advised B 返回导航上一页下一页 4Now its much easier to shop online.When your order i

15、s ready，the things you want to buyto you soon. AsendBwere sent Care sendingDwill be sent D 返回导航上一页下一页 5When Timwhy he was late for school，he just kept silent. Awas askedBasked Cwas askingDis asked A 返回导航上一页下一页 6Excuse me.Im looking for Be the Best of Yourself. Sorry.The book you ask forout. Ais

16、sellingBis sold Cwas sellingDwill be sold B 返回导航上一页下一页 1Gina went to the doctors yesterday and sheabout the importance of good living habits once more. AtoldBis told Cwas toldDhas told C 返回导航上一页下一页 2The villagers expect that the building of the bridgebefore the rainy season comes. Ais completedB

17、was completed Cwill be completedDhas been completed C 返回导航上一页下一页 3 In Chinese culture ， children born in the Year of the Monkey _to be smart. AsayBsaid Cwill be saidDare said D 返回导航上一页下一页 4Oh，your room is too dirty，Mike! Sorry，Mom.Ityesterday.I forgot to do it. Adidnt cleanBisnt cleaned Cwas cle

18、anedDwasnt cleaned D 返回导航上一页下一页 5Tom is always careless with his schoolwork.Could you help him? No problem！I think heto think twice before starting. Ashould be toldBshouldnt be told Cshould tellDshould not tell A 返回导航上一页下一页 6As China grows stronger and stronger，Chinesein more and more schools out of our country. AteachesBis taught Chas taughtDwas taught B 返回导航上一页下一页 7His novel is a hit now. Sure.Itcarefully. Ais producingBwas producing Cis producedDwas produced D 返回导航上一页下一页 8The rules are for everyone.Dont break them，or you. ApunishBare punished Cwill punishDwill be punished D

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【语法专项突破】第10讲 动词语态2020-2021学年中考英语复习针对性研究（全国通用）

【语法专项突破】第10讲动词语态2020-2021学年中考英语复习针对性研究（全国通用）