1、 高考英语高考英语 200 长难句分析及重点词汇学习（二）长难句分析及重点词汇学习（二） 21. To really develop empathy, youd better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a“sharing circle”with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter. 【句式翻译】【句式翻译】要真正开发同理心，你最好
2、在养老院或医院做志愿者，加入一个有多样化的会员的俱乐部或团 队，与你的家人有一个“共享圈”，或者在动物收容所照顾宠物。 【句式分析】【句式分析】本句是复合句，that引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 a club or a team，volunteer, join, have 和 spend是并列的谓语动词，To really develop在句中作目的状语。 【词语点拨】【词语点拨】volunteer v. 志愿 n. 志愿者 Some graduates volunteer to work in the countryside. 一些大学生自愿到农村去。 She now helps i
3、n a local school as a volunteer three days a week. 目前她在当地的一家学校做志愿工作，一周去 3天。 【语法点拨】【语法点拨】不定式 to do可以作目的状语（其否定形式：not to do），相当于 in order to do和 so as to do (so as to do只能放在句中，不能位于句首)。如： One should get enough exercise to keep healthy. 为了维持身体健康，一个人要有足够的锻炼。 To find a better job, a lot of people choose to
4、 go to the big cities. 为了找份更好的工作，很多人愿意到大城市去。 22. Proudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. 【句式翻译】【句式翻译】自豪地阅读我写的内容时，我环顾整个房间，却发现我的同学笑得眼泪都要流出来了。 【句式分析】【句式分析】本句是简单句，包含有三个非谓语短语，reading my words 和 only to find
5、分别作时间状语和结 果状语，bearing作宾补。 【词语点拨】【词语点拨】glance vi瞥；浏览；后面常跟 at, through, over 等介词 I picked up the phone book and glanced through it. 我拿起电话簿，匆匆扫了一遍。 He glanced at his watch and left the room. 他匆匆看了一下手表，离开了房间。 【语法点拨】【语法点拨】动词不定式作结果状语时，通常表示出乎意料的结果，常被 just 或 only修饰，置于句末，用逗 号和句子分开。如： I went to the classroom,
6、 only to find nobody there. 我去了教室，却没有见到一个人。 He rushed to the door, only to discover that it was locked and barred. 他冲到门边, 却发现门已被锁死了。 23. At 12 years old she won a Guinness Record when she became the youngest female to win the womens world title for platform diving at the World Championships in Austr
7、alia in 1991. 【句式翻译】【句式翻译】1991年，12岁的伏明霞就获得了一项吉尼斯纪录，当时她参加了在澳大利亚举行的跳台跳水世 界锦标赛，成为最年轻的女子世界冠军。 【句式分析】【句式分析】本句是复合句，when 在句中引导状语从句，to win the womens world title作定语，修饰 the youngest female。 【词语点拨】【词语点拨】championship n.冠军称号；锦标赛 We are proud for you to win the championship. 我们为你赢得冠军而骄傲。 All the gold medals for
8、the championship fell to the team. 本届锦标赛的所有金牌都被这个队夺得。 【语法点拨】【语法点拨】动词不定式作定语，具体用法参见第 18 句。 24. To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee. 【句式翻译】【句式翻译】把酒精从体内消除是个缓慢的过程，也不可能通过任何措
9、施如洗澡或喝杯茶或咖啡来加速其消 除的过程。 【句式分析】【句式分析】本句是由并列连词 and 连接的复合句，To get rid of alcohol和 to speed it up在句中都作主语。 【词语点拨】【词语点拨】1)get rid of 摆脱；除去 How to get rid of air pollution is still a big problem. 如何清除空气污染仍然是个大问题。 2)measure n. 尺寸；措施；手段 vt. 挣扎；争取 n.打斗；挣扎；斗争 The climbers struggled against the strong wind and f
10、inally reached the top of the mountain. 登山者在强风中艰难的行走，最终到达山顶。 They struggled to get out of the burning building. 他们艰难地逃离了着火的大楼。 With a struggle, I managed to control my feelings. 经过一番斗争，我把情绪控制住了。 【语法点拨】【语法点拨】1)having done 作状语，具体用法参见第 25 句。 2)不定式 to do 常跟在下列动词后作宾语：ask, agree, beg, begin, start, wish,
11、choose, decide, expect, fail, hope, manage, seek, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, would/should like等。如： His parents choose to live in the countryside. 他的父母决意在乡下居住。 We agreed to meet here, but so far she hasnt turned up yet. 我们约定在这里见面，但是到现在她还没露面。 Would you like to go and have a
12、picnic with us tomorrow? 明天和我们一起去野餐好吗？ 28. Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old, the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history. 【句式翻译】【句式翻译】西班牙流感在十八个月内夺去了五千万人的生命，该病似乎专门袭击年轻力壮的人，而不是老 迈长者，被认为是历
13、史上最严重的一次传染病。 【句式分析【句式分析】本句是简单句，包含有一个句式：be believed to do/be 被认为做/是，Having killed在 句中作状语，to strike作定语，修饰 tendency。 【词语点拨】【词语点拨】strike vt. 攻（袭）击；打，打动； (钟)敲响报(时); 使突然想起 n.打击；罢工 Snowstorms often strike that area in winter. 冬天暴风雪常常袭击那个地区。 Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 The clock struck twelve. 钟敲十二点
14、。 I was struck by the beauty of the West Lake. 我被西湖的美景给迷住了。 It suddenly struck me that I ought to make a new plan. 我突然想到, 我应该制订一个新的方案。 The bus drivers have been on strike for several days. 公共汽车司机罢工好几天了。 【语法点拨】【语法点拨】1）(sth/sb)be believed to do/be 被认为做/是= It is/ was believed that，在这个句式中， 不定式作主语补足语，可以代
15、替 believe 用于这个句式的动词还有：say, suppose, think, know, report等。如： Do you know why Friday is believed to be an unlucky day? 你知道为什么星期五被认为是不吉利的日子吗？ The old castle was believed to have ghosts living in it for many years. 多年来人们一直相信这座古堡里面居住着幽灵。 The great pyramid is believed to have been built over a 20-year per
16、iod. 人们认为建造这座大金字塔花去了 20多年的时间。 Yao Ming is thought to be one of the best basketball players in the world. 姚明被认为是世界上最棒的篮球运动员之一。 2）having done作状语，具体用法参见第 25句。 3）to do 作定语，具体用法参见第 19句。 29. I dont know what your expectations are of London, but knowing that youve never travelled outside of Asia, I thought
17、 Id tell you a bit about what you can expect to find. 【句式翻译】【句式翻译】我不知道您对伦敦有什么期望，但我知道您从未到过亚洲以外的地方旅行，所以，我想告诉你 一点关于你期望找到的东西。 【句式分析】【句式分析】本句是有并列连词 but连接的复合句,同时包含有四个从句，what your expectations are，that youve never travelled，Id tell you 和 what you can都是宾语从句；knowing和 to find在句中分别作主 语和宾语。 【词语点拨】【词语点拨】expect v
18、.期望；预期 You cant expect to succeed if you attempt tasks above your ability. 如果你要做能力达不到的事，就别指望成功。 The beauties of the West Lake in spring were beyond his expectation. 西湖的春景要比他所预想的更加美丽。 【语法点拨】【语法点拨】1）doing 可以作主语： 很多情况下，相当于 to do，有时也可用 it 作形式主语。常用 doing 作主语的句型： It is no good/use doing做没用 It is useless d
19、oing做没用 It is worthwhile doing做是值得的 It is useless trying to persuade Miss Li to accept our advice. 劝说李小姐接受我们的建议是没有用的。 如果 doing 有自己的逻辑主语，doing前可以用形容词性的物主代词或名词所有格来修饰。如： Toms/his coming late made the manager very angry. 汤姆/他来晚了让经理很生气。 to do 和 doing做主语的区别：to do常表示具体的某一动作; doing 表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念时，多用动 名词。如：
20、Bicycling is a good exercise; moreover, it doesnt pollute the air. 骑自行车是很好的运动; 而且还不污染环境。 2）不定式 to do作宾语：具体用法参见第 27 句。 30. The best way to get rid of a negative serf-image is to realize that your image is far from objective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities. 【句式翻译】【句式翻译】摆脱
21、负面的自我形象的最好办法是意识到你的形象远远不是客观的，同时主动地使你相信自己 的积极的品质。 【句式分析】【句式分析】本句是复合句，that your image is是宾语从句，to get rid of在句中作定语，to realize 和 to actively convince是并列成分，作表语。 【词语点拨】【词语点拨】far from 远离；远非，远远不是 The work he did yesterday is far from perfect. 他昨天做的的工作远非十全十美。 Far from relieving my cough, the medicine made it
22、worse. 这药非但不镇咳，反而使我咳嗽得更厉害。 2）convince vt. 使信服；常用于以下结构： convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事。如： You need to convince your boss of your ability to do the job. 你需要让你的老板相信你有做这份工作的能力。 convince sb to do 说服某人做某事 It took me a long time to convince him to go with me. 我用了很长时间才说服他和我一起去。 convince sb+that 从句 使某人相信 I manag
23、ed to convince my friend that I didnt mean to hurt him. 我设法使朋友相信我不想伤害他。 【语法点拨】【语法点拨】1）不定式 to do作定语：具体用法参见第 19 句。 2）不定式 to do作表语： 说明主语的具体内容。如： My only wish is to do something for the public. 我唯一的愿望是为公众做些事。 表示不可避免将要发生的事。如： The discovery is to have a great effect on our life. 这个发现将对我们的生活产生重大影响。 不定式作表语，
24、且主语部分有 all, what, only或是最高级形容词修饰的名词和实义动词 do 时，作表语的不 定式可省去 to。如： All you need to do now is have a good rest. 现在你所需要的是好好休息。 31. In setting out its plans for a five-term year, Nottingham City Council is seeking to reduce the summer holiday down to four and a half weeks, with a more balanced five terms
25、of roughly eight weeks, each followed by a two-week break. 【句式翻译】【句式翻译】诺丁汉城市委员会设立了一个计划，将一学年划分为五学期，并将暑假的时间减少为四周半， 这样一来，五个学期均有八周的时间，每个学期之后都有两周的休息时间。 【句式分析】【句式分析】本句是简单句，Nottingham City Council 作主语，is seeking 作谓语，each followed by a two-week break是独立主格结构，setting out和 to reduce在句中宾语。 【词语点拨】【词语点拨】1) seek v
26、t. all men seek for happiness. 大多数人都追求财富; 但所有的人都希望获得幸福。 One mustnt only seek after comfort, personal fame and gains. 一个人不应当只贪图安逸，追名逐利。 2）balance vt.平衡；权衡 balanced adj.平衡的，均衡的 We have to balance the good points against the bad and then make a decision. 我们必须权衡优劣，然后做出决定。 You must learn to keep your bal
27、ance while skating. 在溜冰时你得学会保持平衡。 A balanced diet and regular exercise are both important for our health. 均衡的饮食和有规律的锻炼对我们的健康很重要。 【语法点拨】【语法点拨】1）不定式 to do作宾语：具体用法参见第 27 句。 2）doing 作宾语： 介词后常接 doing作宾语，如： She left the room without saying a word. 她没说什么就离开了房间。 有些动词或短语后只能跟动名词作宾语，这类词有：finish, imagine, fancy
28、, insist on, enjoy, escape, consider, cant help（禁不住）, admit, avoid, mind, miss, practise, keep, resist, appreciate, put offdelay, suggest, advise, allow, permit, forbid, ban, prohibit, forgive, excuse, risk, tolerate, recommend, stand, feel like, look forward to, preferto等。如： He admitted taking the
29、watch. 他承认拿了手表。 Much as she likes him, she would never consider marrying him. 尽管她很喜欢他, 但她并不打算嫁给他。 begin，start，like，prefer, hate 后既可接 to do 也可接 doing 作宾语，意思差别不大，如： He likes playing/to play basketball. 他喜欢打篮球。 stop，try，go on, remember, forget, mean, regret后面用 doing或 to do 不定式,意思不一样。 stop doing停止做 stop
30、 to do 停下来开始做 try doing 试一试做 try to do 尽力做，企图做 go on doing继续做（同一件事） go on to do 继续做（不同的事） remember doing 记着做了 remember to do 记着要做 forget doing忘记做了 forget to do 忘记要做 mean doing 意味着 mean to do打算做 regret doing后悔做了 regret to do 遗憾要做 比较： I forgot teaching the students the words. 我忘记了曾教过学生们这些词。（已经教过） I fo
31、rgot to teach the students the words. 我忘了教学生们这些词。（未教） 32. The computer burst into life and second later, the screen turned into colors, shifting and changing and then two big white words appeared in the center of the screen: “SPACE TRANSPORTER.” 【句式翻译】【句式翻译】电脑突然活跃起来，几秒钟后屏幕变成彩色，图像开始不断变换，然后屏幕中间出现两个白色
32、大字：“空间运输车”。 【句式分析】【句式分析】本句是并列连词 and连接的复合句，shifting and changing在句中作伴随状语。 【词语点拨】【词语点拨】burst into匆匆进入（某处）；突然开始（某事）；突然进入（某种状态） The door was suddenly pushed open and he burst into the house. 门忽然推开，他闯进了屋来。 Suddenly the leading car in the race burst into sight. 突然，比赛中的那辆领先的车出现了。 The plane burst into flame
33、s, killing two of the airmen on board. 飞机突然起火, 机上的两名飞行员丧生。 【语法点拨】【语法点拨】现在分词作状语，具体用法参见第 26句。 33. People today prefer living together to putting their signatures on a marriage certificate because they refuse to accept responsibility for the relationship. 【句式翻译】【句式翻译】现在的人宁可同居，却不愿在结婚证上签字，因为他们拒绝为这种关系负责。
34、【句式分析】【句式分析】本句是复合句，because 在句中引导原因状语从句，living together， putting their signatures 和 to accept都作宾语。 【词语点拨】【词语点拨】prefer vt.更喜欢；宁愿 Some people like to lie on the beach, but I prefer going/to go sightseeing. 有些人喜欢在海滩上躺着, 但我喜欢去游览. 表示“宁愿而不愿”，“喜欢而不喜欢”，其基本句型是： preferto，主要用于比较两个名词或动名词 I prefer the seaside to
35、the mountains. 我喜欢海边，不喜欢山区。 I prefer questioning my pupils to lecturing them. 我喜欢少讲课，多提问我的学生。 preferrather than，主要用于比较两个不定式（后面的不定式通常省略 to，但前面的不定式必须带 to） He prefers to read rather than watch television. 他喜欢读书而不喜欢看电视。 【语法点拨】【语法点拨】1）不定式 to do作宾语，具体用法参见第 27 句。 2）doing 作宾语，具体用法参见第 31句。 34. In addition to
36、 encouraging reading as a pursuit to be enjoyed by all, the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus, as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools. 【句式翻译】【句式翻译】除了鼓励把阅读当作所有的人的一种追求外，这个项目还允许陌生人在汽车上通过讨论这本书 来交流，同时宣传把阅读当作家庭和学校共享的一次体验。
37、【句式分析】【句式分析】本句是简单句，the program作主语，allows 作谓语，strangers 作宾语，to communicate作宾补， encouraging 和 discussing都作介词宾语。 【词语点拨】【词语点拨】1)in addition to 除之外，后接名词或动名词 in addition 此外；还有 In addition to his salary, he has a bonus of 500 yuan per month. 除工资外，他每月还有五百元钱奖金。 We need money and time; in addition, we need op
38、portunity. 我们需要金钱和时间，此外我还需要机遇。 2）as well as 既又；和。as well as 连接名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与前面的名词或代词 在人称和数上保持一致。如： The child is lively as well as healthy. 这孩子既健康又活泼。 We are repairing the roof as well as painting the walls. 我们在粉刷墙壁同时也在修理屋顶。 The teacher as well as several students is doing experiments in the lab. 老
39、师和几个学生正在实验室做实验。 【语法点拨】【语法点拨】1）doing 作宾语，具体用法参见第 31句。 2) 不定式 to do 做宾补的用法： 常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有 advise, cause, expect, force, get, order, permit, tell, want, warn, wish, prefer, allow 等。如： The mother permits her son to play computer games twice a week. 这个母亲允许儿子一周玩两次电脑游戏。 My teacher told me not to make t
40、he same mistake again. 老师告诉我不要再犯同样的错误。 感官动词 feel，listen to，hear，see，look at, watch，notice，observe 后和使役动词 let，make，have 后，跟 动词不定式作宾语补足语时，要省略不定式符号 to。如： I didnt observe the man open the door and go out. 我没看到那个人打开门出去了。 I saw Lucy hurry to the station just now. 刚才我看见露西匆忙去车站了。 He told us a joke, which ma
41、de us laugh immediately. 他给我们讲了一个笑话，让我们立刻笑了。 在被动语态中，动词不定式在感官动词后作主语补足语时，不定式符号 to不省略。如： The workers are made to work far into the night. 工人们被迫干活到深夜。 35. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield, she found herself wondering why there couldnt be a built-in
42、device for cleaning the window. 【句式翻译】【句式翻译】注意到司机要很费力的透过覆盖在挡风玻璃上的雪向外看，她不禁想为什么不能有一个内置的 设备来清除雪呢。 【句式分析】【句式分析】本句是复合句，that 和 why 在句中引导宾语从句，Noticing , covering 和 wondering 分别作状语、 定语和宾补。 【词语点拨】【词语点拨】notice vt.注意到；看到。常用于 notice sb do sth; notice sb doing sth 和 notice sth done 结构中。 I didnt notice you wearin
43、g a new hat. =I didnt notice you were wearing a new hat. 我没有注意到你戴了一顶新帽 子。 We noticed Jack leave the house an hour ago. 我们注意到杰克一小时前离开了这所房子。 No one but Miss Zhou noticed the flowers on the table changed. 除周小姐外，没有人注意到桌子上的花被换过。 n.注意；通知 The notice was set above the door, and I didnt see it. 通知贴在门的上方，我没看见
44、。 He is too proud to take notice of others. 他很骄傲，不理睬别人。 【语法点拨】【语法点拨】1）现在分词 doing 作定语：在逻辑上与所修饰的名词之间为主谓关系，也可改成定语从句。单 个分词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前，分词短语作定语一般放在被修饰词之后。如： The glow of the setting sun is splendid; it is a pity that dusk is fast approaching. 夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏。 He is a businessman growing rich in recent years.
45、 他是一位最近几年才发起来的商人。 2）分词作宾补： 分词一般只在两类动词后作宾补，感官动词(feel，listen to，hear，see，look at, watch，notice，observe) 和使 役动词(have, make)。现在分词作宾补表示正在进行的主动意义，过去分词则表示已经完成的被动意义。如： Through the window Jane saw children playing in the yard. 透过窗户简看见孩子们在院子里玩。 Maria has had her wallet stolen on her way to school. 上学路上，玛利亚的钱包
46、被偷了。 36. To get ahead in the world and lead a happy successful life means getting on with other people and being able to understand and react to situations in the best way possible. 【句式翻译】【句式翻译】在这个世界中生存并快乐的生活意味着能够与其他人很好的相处, 能够理解形势并以最好的方 式作出反应。 【句式分析】【句式分析】本句是简单句，句子的主语是 To get ahead, means 作谓语，gettin
47、g on with和 being able to 是并列的宾语。 【词语点拨】【词语点拨】react v. 反应，做出反应 When the sun comes out, the flowers react by opening. 当太阳出来的时候，花以张开的形式作出反应。 Do children react to kind treatment by becoming more self-confident? 对孩子们和善是否会使他们更有信心? 【语法点拨】【语法点拨】doing作宾语，具体用法参见第 31句。 37. We even have different word for some
48、foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which Shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming, while the upper- class Normans were doing most of the eating. 【句式翻译】【句式翻译】我们甚至对某些食物有不同的单词，特别是肉类，取决于它是长在田野里，还是在家里准备被 烹饪，这表明一个事实，即萨克森农民在农田干活，而上层阶级的诺曼人在大吃大喝。 【句式分析】【句式分析】本句是复合句, whether引导宾语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句，while 引导并列句，表对 比，depending on作状语。 【词语点拨】词语点拨】1）in particular 尤其，特别 His statement refers to people in general, not to anyone in particular. 他的发言是泛指一般情况，不是针对某一个人的。 2）depend on 依赖，依靠 A
