1、Using Language & Other Parts .Judge whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) 1 Einsteins contributions are the general theory of relativity and the famous formula Emc2.(T) 2Einstein entered university in Switzerland when he was 16.(F) 3Einstein earned a doctorate in physics and publi
2、shed four extraordinary physics papers in 1905.(T) 4 Einstein took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton， USA in 1922.(F) .Choose the best answer. 1Which aspect does Albert Einstein make great achievements? AMaths. BMedicine. CPhysics. DChemistry. 答案 C 2Which
3、 of the following is NOT Einsteins contributions according to the text? AThe general theory of relativity. BThe famous formula Emc2. CThe explanation of the photoelectric effect. DThe law of gravitation. 答案 D 3What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage? ATo introduce Einsteins contrib
4、utions to the world. BTo introduce Einsteins winding life in Germany. CTo show that Einstein is a genius in physics and maths. DTo let the world know all about Einstein by his life and achievements. 答案 D .重点单词 1mostly adv.主要地；一般地 2flee vi.&vt.迅速离开；逃跑 3circumstance nusually pl.条件；环境；状况 4flow n流；流动；流畅
5、；供应 vi.流；流动 5chart n图表 vt.记录；制定计划 6found vt.创建；建立；把建立在 7infer vt.推断；推定 8theory n理论；学说 9genius n天才；天资；天赋 10patent n专利；专利证书；获得专利 adj.有专利的；受专利保护的 11passion n酷爱；激情 12extraordinary adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的 13institute n(教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑 14moustache n上唇的胡子；髭 15peculiarity n个性；特点；怪异的性质 16encounter vt.偶然碰到；遇到 n邂逅；遭
6、遇 17professor n教授 18device n方法；技巧；装置；仪器 19sum vi.总结；概括 n金额；款项；总数；总和 20draft n草稿；草案 vt.起草；草拟 21conclusion n结论；推论conclude vt.推断出；得出结论；使结束 vi.结束；终止 22politician n从政者；政治家；政客politics n政治political adj.政治的；党派的 23relativity n相对论；相对性relative adj.相对的relatively adv.相对地relatives n亲 属 24gentle adj.温柔的；文静的gently
7、adv.轻轻地；温和地gentleness n温顺；亲切 25gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地gradual adj.逐渐的；平缓的 26consequence n结果；后果consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的consequently adv. 因此；结果 27remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的remark n言论；评论remarkably adv.显著地；非常地 掌握规律 巧记单词 relative adj.(相对的)lyrelatively adv.相对地 例：gradually 逐渐地 consequently 因此；结果 remarkable adj
8、.(非凡的) (去 e)yremarkably adv.显著地；非常地 例：gently 轻轻地；温和地 simply 简单地 .核心短语 1due to 由于 2be able to 能够 3in fact 实际上，事实上 4risk ones life 冒生命危险 5take up 拿起；接受；开始从事 6come to power(开始)掌权；上台 7as a consequence 结果 8take up a position 担任；任职 9sum up 总结；概括 .经典句式 1who 引导定语从句 Albert Einstein，who is perhaps the greates
9、t scientist in modern physics，is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived. 阿尔伯特 爱因斯坦，也许是现代物理学中最伟大的科学家，通常被认为是有史以来最聪明的 人之一。 2状语从句的省略 While working there，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. 当(爱因斯坦)在那里工作时，出于对知识的强烈热情，他继续学习，在 1
10、905 年获得了物理学 博士学位。 3as though/if He had a thick moustache and long white hair， which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock. 他留着浓密的小胡子和长长的白发，有时头发竖立着，好像刚挨了电击似的。 4how 引导宾语从句 There is even a story about how he helped a little girl who knocked on his door and asked for he
11、lp with her homework. 甚至还有一个故事，讲的是他如何帮助一个小女孩，这个女孩敲了他的门，请求他帮她做家 庭作业。 5Itbe过去分词that. On 18 April 1955， it was reported that Einstein had passed away， and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist. 1955 年 4 月 18 日，据报道，爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都为失去这位杰出的科学家而哀悼。 重点词汇重点词汇 Did you come to any conclu
12、sions？你得出结论了吗？ conclusion n结论；结束 reach/arrive at/draw/come to a conclusion 得出结论 in conclusionto conclude 总之，最后 make a conclusion 下结论 conclude v结束；推断出，断定 conclude.from.从中推断出 conclude (from sth.) that.(从某事中)推断出；(从某事中)断定 conclude.with./by doing.以结束 (1)He concluded/drew a conclusion that the film Wolf W
13、arrior was well worth seeing. 他得出结论：电影战狼 2很值得一看。 (2)What can we conclude from the conversation? 我们能从这次谈话中得出什么结论？ (3)He concluded his speech with a famous saying. 他用一句著名的谚语结束了演讲。 (4)Without enough evidence，we cant make a conclusion.没有充分的证据，我们不能下结论。 He made numerous contributions to the world，the most
14、 well- known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula Emc2.他对世界做出了很大的贡献， 其中最著名 的是广义相对论和著名的公式 Emc2。 contribution n贡献；捐款；捐赠 make a contribution/contributions to (doing) sth.为(做)某事作出贡献 contribute v贡献；捐献，捐助；投稿 contribute to 为作贡献；有助于；促成 contribute.to.把贡献给；为捐款；向投稿 (1)Everyone should m
15、ake a contribution to protecting the environment. 每个人都应为保护环境作出贡献。 (2)Regular exercise will contribute to your health. 有规律的锻炼会有助于你的健康。 (3)He has contributed a number of articles to the magazine. 他已给这家杂志社撰写了许多文章。 (4)Reading English every morning will contribute to improving(improve) your oral English.
16、 每天早晨朗读英语对你提高英语口语有很大的帮助。 general adj.一般的；普通的 n将军 in general 总的来说，通常(相当于 generally) as a general rule 一般而言；通常，总之 generally adv.一般地；通常地 generally speaking 一般而言 (5)Meanwhile，with her parents help，Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. (2019 北京) 同时，在父母的帮助下，摩尔基本上可以过正常的青少年生活。 (6)Generally
17、speaking，parents care more about their childrens health than about their own.一般 来说，父母关心孩子的健康胜过关心自己的健康。 (7)In general/Generally， though， studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in todays world of cultural crossroads! 但总的来说，在当今文化交融的世界，学习不同国家的习俗肯定能帮助我们避免交往中的困 难！ Circumstanc
18、es changed in 1933，when Hitler came to power in Germany. 1933 年，当希特勒在德国掌权时，情况发生了变化。 come to power 上台，当权(表示动作，不能和一段时间连用) power n能力；力量；权力；职权；政权；电力供应 be in power 掌权，执政(表示状态，可以和一段时间连用) have the power to do sth.具有做某事的能力/权力 beyond/out of ones power 某人力所不能及的 powerful adj.强有力的 (1)There was a time when the l
19、ittle girl lost the power of speech. 有一段时间这个小女孩不能说话。 (2)Could you tell me when the new president came to power? 你能告诉我新总统是什么时候上台的吗？ (3)She had the power to control(control) the situation.她有能力控制局面。 (4)I am sorry its beyond/out of my power to make such a decision.对不起，我无权做此决定。 (5)This kind of animals ha
20、s some powerful(power) teeth.这种动物有强大的牙齿。 As a consequence，he had to flee Germany.结果，他不得不逃离德国。 as a consequencein consequence 结果；因此 consequence n结果；后果；影响 as a consequence ofin consequence of 由于的缘故 consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的 consequently adv.所以；因此；结果 (1)It rained yesterday.As a consequence，the match w
21、as cancelled. 昨天下雨了，结果比赛被取消了。 (2)The warming of the earth and the consequent climatic changes affect us all. 地球变暖以及随之发生的气候变化影响着我们所有人。 (3)As a consequence of/In consequence of a great fire，the house was completely destroyed. 由于一场大火，这个房子被完全烧毁了。 (4)My car broke down and consequently(consequent) I was l
22、ate. 我的汽车抛锚了，结果，我迟到了。 After spending time in Europe，he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton，USA.在欧洲待了一段时间后，他最终在美国普林 斯顿大学高等研究院担任研究员。 take up 拿起；接受；开始从事；继续；占据(时间、空间等) 一词多义 写出下列句子中 take up 的汉语意思 (1)In fact，surfing the Internet takes up most of her
23、time.占据 (2)The teacher took up the lesson where he left off last week.继续 (3)Peter will take up the management of the finance department.开始从事 take in 收留某人；吸收；领会，理解；欺骗；包括 take off飞机等起飞；脱下；成功，成名；突然离开；休假 take on 呈现；雇用；承担 take over 接管 take out 取出，切除，摘除 (4)The city has been developing very fast and it has
24、 taken on a new look. 这个城市发展很快，呈现出新的面貌。 (5)The young man will take over the company when his father is old. 这个年轻人会在父亲年纪大时接管这个公司。 联想拓展 常见的“动词up”型短语还有： put up 修建；举起；张贴 go up 上升，上涨 turn up 出现；把声音调大 bring up 提出；养育；呕吐 give up 放弃 Apart from his remarkable achievements，what does the passage tell us about E
25、insteins life？除了他卓越的成就，关于爱因斯坦的生活，这篇文章还告诉了我们什么？ remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的；不寻常的 be remarkable for 以著称 remark n谈论；言论；评述 vt.& vi.谈论；评论；说起 make a remark/remarks on/upon 对发表意见 remark that.评论，说 remark on/upon 谈论/评论 remarkably adv.不寻常地 (1)All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith even more remark
26、able.(2018 北京) 所有这些使得无家可归的汤姆 史密斯的行为更加不寻常了。 (2)These cars are remarkable(remark) for the quietness of their engines. 这些汽车因为发动机的声音小而著名。 (3)My life improved remarkably(remark) when I discovered art. 我发现了艺术后，我的生活有了显著的改善。 (4)Dont make rude remarks on/upon her appearance. 不要对她的外表发表粗鲁的评论。 (5)The editor rem
27、arked that the article was well written. 编辑评论说那篇文章写得很好。 经典句式经典句式 While working there，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study， earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.当(爱因斯坦)在那里工作时，出于对知识的强烈热情， 他继续学习，在 1905 年获得了物理学博士学位。 句中 While working there 是状语从句的省略结构，完整句为：While he was working the
28、re。 状语从句的省略条件： 当主句的主语和从句的主语一致且从句中含有 be 动词的某种形式， 这时可以将从句的主语 和 be 动词一起省略； 如果从句的主语是 it，且从句中含有 be 动词，这时也可以将 it 和 be 动词一起省略。 (1)While (she was) waiting at the bus stop，she met the famous editor. 她在车站等车时，遇到了那位著名的主编。 (2)When learning about a new topic，it is important to collect facts and figures. 当学习一个新话题时
29、，收集事实和数据是很重要的。 (3)When asked(ask) about the accident，the man kept silent. 当被问到这起事故时，这个男人保持了沉默。 (4)Please give me a phone when necessary. 必要时你可以给我打电话。 (5)I will go to see my teachers this summer if possible. 如果可能的话，今年夏天我将去看望我的老师。 He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on e
30、nd as though he had just received an electric shock.他留着浓密的小胡子和长长的白发，有时头发竖立着， 好像刚挨了电击似的。 as though/if，意为“似乎，好像”，用在 seem，look 等系动词之后引导表语从句。as though/if 还可引导方式状语从句。若 as though/if 从句描述非现实情况，则用虚拟语气。 当从句表示与现在事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用一般过去时(be 动词一般用 were)； 当从句表示与过去事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用过去完成时(had过去分词)； 当从句表示与将来事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用“w
31、ould/could/might动词原形”。 注意：若从句描述的情况发生的可能性很大，则不用虚拟语气。 (1)He talked as though/if he had been to every corner of the world but in fact he had never left his village.他谈论着，好像他到过世界的每一个角落。可实际上他从没离开过村子。 (2)It seems as if he knew(know) everything，but in reality，he is stupid. 看起来他似乎是个万事通，其实他很蠢。 (3)It seems as
32、if/though I am the first one here. 看起来我是第一个到这里的。 (4)The young man with long hair looks as if he were(be) a woman. 那个长头发的男青年看上去好像是个女的。 On 18 April 1955，it was reported that Einstein had passed away，and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.1955 年 4 月 18 日，据报道，爱因斯坦去世了， 全世界都为失
33、去这位杰出的科学家而哀悼。 本句属于“Itbe过去分词that.”，其中 that 引导主语从句，it 是形式主语。 It is believed that.人们相信 It is said that.据说 It is thought that.人们认为 It is reported that.据报道 It is known that.众所周知 上述句型可改为 sb./sth.is believed/said/thought/.to do/to be doing/to have done，根据动词不 定式和谓语动词之间的时间关系来确定使用不定式的一般式、进行式还是完成式。 (1)It is sa
34、id that this boy，who had a great gift for languages and persuasion，is the father of the Manchu people.据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有很强的语言天赋和说服力。 (2)It is thought that eating too much sugar does harm to our health. 人们认为，吃糖太多对健康有害。 (3)It is expected that you will come back together. 人们期望你们一起回来。 (4)It has been pro
35、ved that eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against illness. 已经证实，小时候多吃蔬菜有助于保护你免受疾病的困扰。 句型转换 (5)It is said that John is one of the best teachers in the school.(改为简单句) John is said to be one of the best teachers in the school. .单句语法填空 1He has been in power for ten years but still doe
36、snt want to leave office. 2The ceremony has been put off as a consequence(consequent) of the bad weather. 3The car is in remarkably(remark) good condition for its age. 4Your statement is too general(generally)Could you be more specific about it? 5While waiting(wait) there，he saw two pretty girls com
37、e out of the building. 6She took up writing as her career after graduation. .完成句子 7She looks as if/though she were ten years younger. 她看起来好像年轻了十岁。 8It is believed that global warming is due to human activities. 人们相信，全球变暖归因于人类的活动。 9Generally speaking，those who pay attention to physical exercise are i
38、n good health. 一般来说，那些注意体育锻炼的人健康状况良好。 10Whenever possible，he will come to help me make a kite. 他一有可能就会来帮我做个风筝。 .课文缩写概要写作 下面是根据课文内容写的一篇60 词左右的内容概要，请根据括号内的汉语提示完成短文。 Albert Einstein，who was born in Germany on 14 March 1879,11.was considered the greatest scientist(被认为是最伟大的科学家) of the 20th century, 12.wh
39、ose discoveries and theories have greatly influenced science(他的发现和理论对科学有很大的影响) in many fields.In 1905，he began to publish a series of papers 13.which shook the whole scientific world(这震撼了整个科学 界)and for the theories he established in the papers 14.he won the Nobel Prize in Physics(他获得了 诺贝尔物理学奖) in 1921.When Hitler 15.came to power in Germany in 1933(1933 年在德国执 政)，he left the country and continued his study in the United States until his death in 1955.
