1、Lesson 3 Scientific Breakthroughs 基础巩固 .单词拼写 1He was in a dilemma(窘境) whether to stay at school or get a job. 2I went to college.Meanwhile(同时)，some of my classmates went abroad. 3Poor as the woman is，she often donates(捐赠) some money to the disabled. 4After graduation，I have been corresponding(通信) wi
2、th my best friend. 5The woman is always outspoken(直言不讳的) when making a comment. 6The doctor promised that he would cure(治愈) me of my disease. 7Driven by his friends and relatives，the scientist decided to apply for a patent(专利) 8The young man always does whatever he wants，regardless of the outcome(后果
3、) 9The fact is that making a complaint is quite a simple procedure(步骤) 10The girl split(分开) the money she won with her brother. .选词填空 not to mention，figure out，according to，go out，turn to 11We were doing our homework when all the lights went out. 12The child cant walk，not to mention running fast. 13
4、According to what he said，I could tell that something was wrong with that machine. 14He is reliable and honest，so you can turn to him for help. 15Most of us couldnt figure out what he said at the meeting. .单句语法填空 16The children will hold a party in appreciation of his generous donation(donate) 17I w
5、as riding my bike in the street when a terrible accident happened. 18Look！The boy sitting(sit) under that tree is reading a thick book. 19It is impossible for them to finish(finish) all the work in such a short time. 20Creating an atmosphere in which employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
6、 21She made a great discovery，but she remained modest about her discovery. 22The mother decided to cure her son of his bad habit with the help of his teacher. 23When I was sitting at the table，I noticed someone staring(stare) at me. 24There is no doubt that the hard-working girl will achieve her goa
7、l. 25Without your advice，we wouldnt have performed (not，perform) so well in the game. 能力提升 .阅读理解 Heres a simple challenge：name a famous inventor.Perhaps Leonardo da Vinci springs to mind.Or the pioneer of the telephone，Alexander Graham Bell.But you might be hard-pressed to name many female inventors
8、，even though women are behind some of the most widely used technologies in the modern world. For example， where would we be without the windscreen wiper? Back on a freezing winters day in 1902，Mary Anderson was traveling by tram through New York City.Snow was falling， forcing the driver to stop repe
9、atedly and get out to clear it.Each time the door opened，Mary suffered.She had a brainwave：why not make something that could be operated from inside the vehicle? And thats exactly what she did. Lets step in from freezing New York for our next invention.The dishwasher dates back even earlier to the 1
10、9th Century， and to the dinner parties thrown by a lady called Josephine Cochrane.As a frequent host，she wanted a machine that could wash dishes faster than people.Her response was to develop what was to become the first commercially successful dishwasher. Need something to do while the dishwasher i
11、s on? How about a round of Monopoly(强手棋游 戏)? One of the most popular board games around，the rules were first drawn up by a lady called Elizabeth Magie，and patented in 1904. To an altogether different kind of innovation：Kevlar is the lightweight fibre used in bulletproof(防弹)vests.The material is used
12、 by millions every day and has saved countless lives and its strength-to-weight ratio is five times higher than steel. Finally， one of the most important inventions of the 20th Century must surely be the computer programme.The world of programming is unbalanced among men and women，with men taking ho
13、me around 30% more pay than their female partners on average.But back in the 1940s and 50s， women were at the forefront of this new field and Grace Hopper was one of them. 语篇解读 本文列举了几位女性发明家及她们的发明。 26What do we know about the inventions mentioned in the text? AThey were mostly made in the 20th centur
14、y. BThey all used high technology. CTheir inventors came from families of good education. DThey were all made by accident. 答案 A 解析 细节理解题。由第二段中的“Back on a freezing winters day in 1902”，第四段中的 “One of the most popular board games around，the rules were first drawn up by a lady called Elizabeth Magie，and
15、 patented in 1904.”以及最后一段中的“Finally，one of the most important inventions of the 20th Century must surely be the computer programme.”可知，文章中提到的发 明大部分是 20 世纪发明的。故选 A。 27Why did Mary Anderson invent windscreen wiper? AThe winter was extremely cold there. BShe was forced to clear the snow by others. CThe
16、 car she drove made her suffer a great deal. DShe was sick of the driver getting out to clear the window. 答案 D 解析 细节理解题。由第二段最后四句可知，当时下着雪，司机被迫不断停下来，出去清理 雪，每次司机开门下去擦玻璃，Mary Anderson 都挺受苦，这导致她产生了一个想法：为什么 不制造可以在车内操作的东西呢？于是她发明了雨刷。故选 D。 28Which of the following statements is WRONG according to the text? A
17、Josephine Cochrane wanted a machine that operated automatically. BThe game invented by Magie was popular merely among teenagers. CKevlar is the super tough fibre and stronger than steel. DGrace Hopper was good at computer programming. 答案 B 解析 细节理解题。由第四段最后一句可知，强手棋游戏作为最受欢迎的棋盘游戏之一，其 游戏规则最初是由一位名叫 Elizab
18、eth Magie 的女士起草的，并于 1904 年获得专利，但并没 有提到仅受青少年的欢迎。故选 B。 29What is the best title of this passage? AWomen Can Be Great Inventors BThe Most Useful Inventions by Women CThe Most Widely Used Technologies DWomen Made Greater Contributions than Men 答案 A 解析 标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，第一段是主题段，由第一段最后一句“But you might be hard-
19、pressed to name many female inventors，even though women are behind some of the most widely used technologies in the modern world.”并结合下文的举例可推断，文章主要介绍了一 些女性发明家及她们的发明。因此推断 A 项“女性可以成为伟大的发明家”为最佳标题。故 选 A。 .完形填空 (2018 河南洛阳高二期中) After my husband，Steven，arrived in Sydney on his own from India，he stayed in a
20、hotel for a short time while 30 a house for me and our children. During the first week of his 31 ，he went out one day to do some shopping.He came back in the late afternoon to 32 that his suitcase was gone.He was extremely worried 33 the suitcase had all his important papers， 34 his passport. He rep
21、orted the 35 to the police and then sat there， 36 and lonely in a strange city， thinking of the terrible troubles of 37 all the paperwork organized again from a 38 country while trying to 39 in a new one. Late in the evening，the phone rang.It was a stranger.He was trying to 40 my husbands name and w
22、as asking him a lot of questions.Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶) that had been left out on the 41 . My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family 42 all his papers and documents.Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of 43 papers.
23、Her parents had carefully 44 them out，although they had found mainly foreign 45 on most of the documents.At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new 46 number to a friend. That family not only returned the important documents to us that day but also
24、47 our faith and 48 in people.We still remember their 49 and often send a warm wish their way. 语篇解读 本文讲的是一家人从垃圾桶里找到作者的丈夫丢失的文件并归还给作者的丈夫， 让作者一家人感受到了人性的可贵。 30A.decorating Blooking for Capplying for Ddesigning 答案 B 解析 decorate 装饰；look for 寻找；apply for 申请；design 设计。作者的丈夫只身从印度来 到了悉尼，住在旅馆里，同时给作者和孩子们寻找房子住。故
25、选 B。 31A.appointment Bstay Coperation Dtrip 答案 B 解析 appointment 约定；stay 停留；operation 手术；trip 旅行。他逗留的第一周期间，有一 天他外出购物。故选 B。 32A.confirm Bassume Cdiscover Dinspect 答案 C 解析 confirm 确认；assume 假定；discover 发现；inspect 检查。他下午晚些时候回来发现 他的行李箱不见了。故选 C。 33A.as Bwhen Cwhile Dif 答案 A 解析 as 由于；when 当时候；while 在期间；if
26、如果。他非常担忧，因为他的箱子 里有他所有的重要文件，包括护照。故选 A。 34A.without Bbeneath Cexcept Dincluding 答案 D 解析 without 没有；beneath 在下面；except 除之外；including 包括。见上题解析。 故选 D。 35A.case Bdata Ccriminal Dpunishment 答案 A 解析 case 案例；data 数据；criminal 罪犯；punishment 惩罚。他向警察报了案，坐在那里， 在一个陌生的城市里感到迷失和孤独。故选 A。 36A.amazed Bstubborn Clost Dpo
27、sitive 答案 C 解析 amazed 感到惊讶的；stubborn 固执的；lost 迷失的；positive 积极的。见上题解析。 故选 C。 37A.losing Bsending Cinforming Dgetting 答案 D 解析 lose 失去；send 寄派；inform 告知；get 得到。考虑到要再一次整理好所有这些来自遥 远国家的文件所带来的巨大麻烦，同时还要想办法在这个陌生的国家定居下来。get sth.organized 把整理好。故选 D。 38A.nearby Bdistant Cstrange Dfamiliar 答案 B 解析 nearby 附近的； di
28、stant 遥远的； strange 陌生的， 奇怪的； familiar 熟悉的。 见上题解析。 故选 B。 39A.take down Bsettle down Ctake charge Dfocus on 答案 B 解析 take down 记下；settle down 定居；take charge 负责；focus on 集中于。根据语境可知 选 B。 40A.distinguish Bdescribe Cgrasp Dpronounce 答案 D 解析 distinguish 辨别；describe 描述；grasp 抓住，理解；pronounce 发音。傍晚晚些时候， 电话响了。是
29、一个陌生人。他尽力说出我丈夫的名字，问关于他的许多问题。故选 D。 41A.bench Bembassy Csection Dfootpath 答案 D 解析 bench 长凳；embassy 大使馆；section 部门；footpath 人行道，小路。他说他发现在人 行道上的垃圾桶里有许多文件。故选 D。 42A.checking Bholding Cresponding Dneglecting 答案 B 解析 check 核对；hold 握住，持有；respond 回应；neglect 忽视。我丈夫冲到他们家，发现 这个拥有他所有文件的家庭是善良的。故选 B。 43A.alternati
30、ve Bunfamiliar Cbeneficial Dworthwhile 答案 B 解析 alternative 可供选择的；unfamiliar 不熟悉的；beneficial 有益的；worthwhile 值得的。 他们的小女儿曾去垃圾桶那里并发现了许多不熟悉的文件。故选 B。 44A.sorted Bmade Claid Dput 答案 A 解析 sort 整理，分类；make 制造；lay 摆放；put 放。她的父母细心地整理了文件，尽管它 们多数都是外文字母。故选 A。 45A.addresses Blanguages Cpeople Dletters 答案 D 解析 addre
31、ss 地址；language 语言；people 人们；letter 字母，信。见上题解析。故选 D。 46A.telephone Bcard Ccar Droom 答案 A 解析 telephone 电话；card 卡片；car 汽车；room 房间。好心人一家是通过作者丈夫文件中 的一封信里的内容得知他的电话号码的。故选 A。 47A.returned Binstructed Crestored Dlacked 答案 C 解析 return 归还；instruct 指导；restore 修复，恢复；lack 缺乏。那家人不但归还了我们重 要的文件，而且让我们又重拾了对人们的信任。故选 C。
32、 48A.complaint Btrust Caccess Ddevotion 答案 B 解析 complaint 抱怨；trust 信任；access 进入；devotion 忠诚。见上题解析。故选 B。 49A.generosity Bgratefulness Csecurity Dkindness 答案 D 解析 generosity 慷慨；gratefulness 感激；security 安全；kindness 善良。我们仍然记得他们 的善良，常常给他们一个温暖的祝愿。故选 D。 .语法填空 Ive been a volunteer at Radio Lollipop since Ma
33、y.It is one of the best experiences that I 50. (have) in the last few years. Radio Lollipop is an international charity organization 51. (found) in 1979 to provide care，comfort，games and entertainment for children in hospital.The service is provided 52. (entire) by volunteers who have been specially
34、 selected and trained to make a childs stay in hospital more interesting and 53. (little) frightened. I help out regularly on Monday evenings after work at the Royal Hospital.My task is 54. (deliver) a smile to the children at the wards(病房) 55. might be there for a few days or even a couple of month
35、s.56. is hard to find children on Monday，as the cinema at the hospital is open on that day.Most of them tend to be there. I am thankful 57. this opportunity to help children at the hospital and make their stay more pleasant.The experience also helps me deal with the 58. (difficulty) and challenges t
36、hat Ive been faced with in my own life.I am now more positive in helping others and realize that everyone goes through some pain and 59. (suffer) from time to time. 语篇解读 本文主要讲了作者作为一名志愿者帮助那些病痛中的孩子的故事和心得。 50答案 have had 解析 考查动词的时态。根据句中的 in the last few years 可知，此处用现在完成时。 51答案 founded 解析 考查非谓语动词。此处作后置定语
37、，organization 与 found 之间是被动关系，故用过去 分词。 52答案 entirely 解析 考查词性转换。此处修饰动词 is provided，故用副词形式。 53答案 less 解析 考查形容词的比较级。 由上文的 more interesting 以及句意可知， 此处填 less， 表示“使 孩子们不那么害怕”。 54答案 to deliver 解析 考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作表语，表示将要发生的动作。 55答案 who/that 解析 考查定语从句。此处引导定语从句且在从句中作主语，修饰 the children。 56答案 It 解析 考查 it 的用法。此处 it 作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式 to find children。 57答案 for 解析 考查介词的用法。 句意为： 我非常感激这样一个机会 be thankful for sth.感谢某事。 58答案 difficulties 解析 考查名词的用法。根据 and 后的 challenges 以及句意可知，此处用复数形式。 59答案 suffering 解析 考查词性转换。句意为：我现在更加积极地帮助别人，并意识到每个人都会时不时地 经受一些痛苦和折磨。此处作 go through 的宾语，故填名词形式。
